Vulvoplasty, also known as zero-depth vaginoplasty,[1] is a plastic surgery procedure for altering the appearance of one's vulva or constructing a vulva from penile and scrotal tissue (a neovulva).
Surgery
editWomen
editWomen with congenital disorders or women post-vulvectomy or with genital trauma may receive vulvoplasty for medical reasons.
Women who experience vulvar discomfort may also receive vulvoplasty.
Gender-affirming surgery
editIn gender-affirming surgery, some male-to-female transgender patients receive vulvoplasty without vaginoplasty to reconstruct the exterior of female genitalia.[2]
During clitoroplasty, a clitoris is made from the tissue of the glans penis.[3]
Labiaplasty can be performed as a discrete surgery, or as a subordinate procedure within a vaginoplasty.[4][5] The labia minora are typically constructed from genital skin and the labia majora using skin from the scrotum.[3]
The urinary meatus in trans women is created by shortening the urethra and positioning it above the neovagina in such a way that the urine will descend downward while urinating in a seated position.[6]
References
edit- ^ Ferrando, Cecile A. (June 2023). "Updates on feminizing genital affirmation surgery (vaginoplasty) techniques". Neurourology and Urodynamics. 42 (5): 931–938. doi:10.1002/nau.25088. ISSN 0733-2467. PMID 36423307. S2CID 253879060.
- ^ Bellringer 2017, p. 249.
- ^ a b Koch, Anne L. (2019). It Never Goes Away: Gender Transition at a Mature Age. Rutgers University Press. p. 89. ISBN 978-0-81359-839-0.
- ^ Mirzabeigi MN, Moore JH, Mericli AF, et al. (February 2012). "Current trends in vaginal labioplasty: a survey of plastic surgeons". Ann Plast Surg. 68 (2): 125–34. doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e31820d6867. PMID 21346521. S2CID 36163955.
- ^ Emans.
- ^ Buckley, Jill (2022). Urologic Reconstructive Surgery, An Issue of Urologic Clinics, E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 439. ISBN 978-0-32398-794-3.
- Bellringer, J (2017). "Genital surgery". In Barrett, J (ed.). Transsexual and Other Disorders of Gender Identity: A Practical Guide to Management. Oxford, UK: Radcliffe Publishing. pp. 209–220. ISBN 9781498793131.
