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WCRW was an AM radio station in Chicago, Illinois, which operated on a "shared time"[1] frequency until 1996 with two other stations, WEDC and WSBC, each broadcasting a part of the day.
History
editClinton White, a radio engineer, started the station in 1926. It initially operated on 720 kHz from studios at Waveland and Pine Grove on Chicago's north side. White and his wife, Josephine, worked at their station as a team, with both sharing the on-air duties. Josephine claimed to be the first female disk jockey. While the Whites entertained friends and neighbors with their radio station, this programming was not able to pay the station's operating expenses. They were able to stay afloat by selling segments of the station's air time to others. German, Italian, and Swedish language programs paid the bills.
WCRW began sharing its frequency with radio stations WHT (owned by Chicago mayor William Hale Thompson) and WIBO. Its frequency soon changed: first to 760 kHz and then to 1340 kHz, where their new time-sharing partners were stations WPCC and WFKB.
In 1927, the U.S Congress passed the Radio Act of 1927, which led to the establishment of the establishment of the Federal Radio Commission (FRC). Stations were initially issued a series of temporary authorizations starting on May 3, 1927.[2] In addition, they were informed that if they wanted to continue operating, they needed to file a formal license application by January 15, 1928, as the first step in determining whether they met the new "public interest, convenience, or necessity" standard.[3] On May 25, 1928, the FRC issued General Order 32, which notified 164 stations, including WCRW, that "From an examination of your application for future license it does not find that public interest, convenience, or necessity would be served by granting it."[4] The station's foreign language programming was helpful in this process, convincing the commission that it should remain licensed, although the station made an unsuccessful attempt in federal court to reverse an ordered reduction in power.[5]
On November 11, 1928, the FRC implemented a major reallocation of station transmitting frequencies, as part of a reorganization resulting from its implementation of General Order 40. WCRW was assigned to 1210 kHz kHz,[6] with a time-sharing partnership with stations WSBC and WEDC, who also broadcast ethnic programming. The next year, the Whites moved the station into the Embassy Hotel at Pine Grove and Diversey, on Chicago's Gold Coast. WCRW then began identifying itself as "The Gold Coast Station".
The agreement with WEDC and WSBC called for WCRW to be on the air only five hours a day; the remainder of the 24 hours was divided between the other two stations. The three stations sharing the 1240 frequency in Chicago operated from three different locations with three separate transmitter sites; they continued to share this frequency for the next 70 years. From the 1920s through the 1960s, the three station managers met annually to decide their broadcasting hours.
When Clinton White died of a heart attack in 1963, Josephine brought Ed Jacker in as manager, chief engineer and ownership partner. Under Jacker's management, WCRW's power was increased, first to 250 watts and then finally to 1,000. As time passed, the ethnic groups served by the station's programming changed; eventually most of its five hours on the air became Spanish language programming.
After Josephine White's death, total ownership of WCRW went to Jacker, and eventually to his daughter. In 1989, the station left the Embassy Hotel for studios near Milwaukee and Bryn Mawr, on Chicago's northwest side. Daniel Lee, who was now the owner of WSBC, purchased WCRW in June 1995 for $500,000. On June 17, 1996, WCRW signed off for the last time, almost 70 years after Clinton and Josephine White initially took to the airwaves. However, WCRW was not formally deleted by the Federal Communications Commission until June 2006.[7]
References
edit- ^ "List of broadcasting stations issued temporary permits", Radio Service Bulletin, April 30, 1927, pages 6-14.
- ^ "Extension of Broadcasting Station Licenses", Radio Service Bulletin, December 31, 1927, page 7.
- ^ "Appendix F (2): Letter to and list of stations included in General Order No. 32, issued May 25, 1928", Second Annual Report of the Federal Radio Commission for the Year Ended June 30, 1928, Together With Supplemental Report for the Period From July 1, 1928 to September 30, 1928, pages 146-149.
- ^ "White v. Johnson Brief for Appellant (January 26, 1929)"
- ^ "Broadcasting Stations", Second Annual Report of the Federal Radio Commission (June 30, 1928), page 175.
- ^ "In re: WCRW (AM), Chicago, IL", correspondence from James D. Bradshaw, FCC Deputy Chief, Audio Division, Media Bureau, June 21, 2006.
External links
edit- FCC Station Search Details: DWCRW (Facility ID: 71296)
- FCC History Cards for WCRW (covering 1927-1979)