Protein Wnt-16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WNT16 gene.[5][6] It has been proposed that stimulation of WNT16 expression in nearby normal cells is responsible for the development of chemotherapy-resistance in cancer cells.[7]

WNT16
Identifiers
AliasesWNT16, Wnt family member 16
External IDsOMIM: 606267; MGI: 2136018; HomoloGene: 62175; GeneCards: WNT16; OMA:WNT16 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_057168
NM_016087

NM_053116

RefSeq (protein)

NP_057171
NP_476509

NP_444346

Location (UCSC)Chr 7: 121.33 – 121.34 MbChr 6: 22.29 – 22.3 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

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The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes that encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. This gene is a member of the WNT gene family. It contains two transcript variants diverging at the 5' termini. These two variants are proposed to be the products of separate promoters and not to be splice variants from a single promoter. They are differentially expressed in normal tissues, one of which (variant 2) is expressed at significant levels only in the pancreas, whereas another one (variant 1) is expressed more ubiquitously with highest levels in adult kidney, placenta, brain, heart, and spleen.[6]

WNT16B expression is regulated by nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1 (NF-κB) after DNA damage, as can occur to normal cells during radiation or chemotherapy. Subsequently WNT16B signals in a paracrine manner to activate the Wnt expression program in tumor cells. The expression of WNT16B in the tumor microenvironment attenuates the effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy in vivo, promoting tumor cell survival and disease progression. This implies a mechanism by which cycles of genotoxic therapy might enhance subsequent treatment resistance in the tumor microenvironment.[7]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000002745Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029671Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ McWhirter JR, Neuteboom ST, Wancewicz EV, Monia BP, Downing JR, Murre C (Sep 1999). "Oncogenic homeodomain transcription factor E2A-Pbx1 activates a novel WNT gene in pre-B acute lymphoblastoid leukemia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (20): 11464–9. Bibcode:1999PNAS...9611464M. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.20.11464. PMC 18056. PMID 10500199.
  6. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: WNT16 wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 16".
  7. ^ a b Sun Y, et al. (2012). "Treatment-induced damage to the tumor microenvironment promotes prostate cancer therapy resistance through WNT16B". Nature Medicine. 18 (9): 1359–68. doi:10.1038/nm.2890. PMC 3677971. PMID 22863786.

Further reading

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