The Waldenbuch pillar is a four-sided sandstone monument of the early to middle La Tène culture. The pillar, which probably originally extended to an anthropomorphic bust akin to the Holzgerlingen figure, only survives in a fragmentary form. It is presently at the Landesmuseum Württemberg.
Discovery
editThe Waldenbuch pillar was found in the forest of Greuthau in 1864. The find spot is not far from the Schlösslesmühle and from the town of Waldenbuch. It was found 2km from the La Tène archeological site of Federlesmad near Echterdingen, and only 10km from the supposed findspot of the Holzgerlingen figure. The pillar was thereafter placed in the Kunstkammer of a local duke. The stone was moved to the collection of the Landesmuseum Württemberg sometime in the 19th century.[1]: 11 [2]: 281
Description
editThe pillar is made from made from Stubensandstein, a kind of local sandstone. The pillar is four-sided and measures 125cm by 47cm by 27cm.[2]: 281 The stonemasonry has been described as of "astonishing quality"[b] for the period.[2]: 284
The pillar has a 25cm tall rectangular base, which juts slightly further out than the rest of the pillar. Above the base is a 65cm section on which tendril-like, curvilinear designs have been carved in relief. Each side of the pillar has its own relief, separated by framed edges. On sides A, B, and D these designs curve (lyre-like) into lobes. On side C the designs are much more slender. Above this section is a 15cm tall band of upright rectangles (separated by vertical gashes) encompassing the pillar. Above the band on sides A, C, and D, a mixture of cross and T-shaped designs are carved. On side B, a human forearm is visible, with the fingers curling around to grip side A. The forearm on side A is backgrounded by more lobed curvilinear designs. Lobed curvilinear designs also appear above the T-shape designs on side A. Nothing above this is visible due to uneven damage to the top half of the pillar.[2]: 282–283 [3][4]: 208
Dating and interpretation
edit
The pillar has been securely classified within the La Tène period, but much like the Holzgerlingen figure its dating within that culture is not secure.[2]: 281 Paul Reinecke dated it to the middle La Tène on the basis of a perceived similarity between the lyre-like curvilinear designs on the pillar and those on some middle La Tène Yugoslavian scabbards.[5][3] Paul Jacobsthal classifies it within the early La Tène period[2]: 281 and J. V. S. Megaw conjectures a similar date, between the 4th and 3rd centuries BC, on the basis of the slender tendrils which recall the early La Tène Waldalgesheim style and other such analogies of design elements. However, Megaw calls his dating "by no means obligatory", noting that such an early date as his means that the pillar "constitute[s] a unique piece for the period."[3] Design elements do not allow a secure dating, as prehistorian Wolfgang Kimmig has noted; elements of the pillar, like the decorative T's and crosses, appear as far back as the pre-La Tène Hallstatt culture.[2] Archaeologist Josef Röder has noted marks of both pointed and flat chisels on the stone, which he claims was not possible before the Hellenistic period (that is, before the 4th century BC).[2]: 279
Given the proximity of the find spots and the resemblance between the arms of the Waldenbuch pillar and the Holzgerlingen figure, the two stones have often been compared to one another.[2]: 283 Though there is no direct information about the upper half of the pillar,[6]: 269 if it carried on into an anthropomorphic bust as the Holzgerlingen figure does we can make some deductions about the lower half. T. G. E. Powell has suggested that the curvilinear designs are to be interpreted as folds in the figure's lower garment and the band of rectangles is to be interpreted as a belt or square-cut cape.[6]: 270 Unlike the Holzgerlingen figure, arms are visible on only one side, so it is not safe to assume the original figure was two-faced like the Holzgerlingen figure.[4]: 208
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Designation of sides after Robert Knorr.[1]
- ^ Original German: "erstaunlicher Qualität".[2]: 284
References
edit- ^ a b Knorr, Robert (1921). "Eine keltische Steinfigur der Latènezeit aus Württemberg und das Kultbild von Holzgerlingen". Germania. 5: 11–17. doi:10.11588/ger.1921.24455.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Kimmig, Wolfgang (1987). "Eisenzeitliche Grabstelen In Mitteleuropa. Versuch eines Überblicks". Fundberichte aus Baden-Württemberg. 12: 251–297. doi:10.11588/fbbw.1987.0.39508.
- ^ a b c Megaw, J. V. S. (1970). "142. Steinenbronn (Waldenbuch), Kr. Böblingen. Stuben sandstone pillar-statue.". Art of the European Iron Age: A Study of the Elusive Image. Bath: Adams & Dart. p. 102.
- ^ a b Powell, T. G. E. (1966). Prehistoric Art. Oxford University Press.
- ^ Reinecke, P. (1907). "Die Originalaltertümer in den Sammlungen des Römisch-Germanischen Central-Museums in Mainz. Vermehrung im Berichtsjahre 1905/1906". Mainzer Zeitschrift. 2: 40–53.
- ^ a b Powell, T. G. E. (1958). The Celts. London: Thames and Hudson.
Further reading
edit- Bittel, K., Kimmig, W., Schiek, S. Die Kelten in Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart: Konrad Theiss (1981), pp. 96ff
- Röder, J. "Die Steintechnik der Stele" in Zürn, H. (ed.) Hallstattforschungen in Nordwürttemberg. Die Grabhügel von Asperg (Kr. Ludwigsburg), Hirschlanden (Kr. Leonberg) und Mühlacker (Kr. Vaihingen). Stuttgart: Müller+Gräff (1970), pp. 69–72.