Walter Heck was a German graphic designer who created the SS double 'Siegrune' symbol for the Schutzstaffel (SS), the elite corps of the Nazi Party, in 1929, the runic emblem of the Sturmabteilung (SA), and co-designed the all-black SS uniform in 1932. He was a company commander in SA, and later joined the SS.
Walter Heck | |
|---|---|
| Nationality | German |
| Occupation(s) | Graphic designer and SA and SS officer |
| Known for | Creating the SS double rune symbol for the Nazi Schutzstaffel |
Design of the SS symbol
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Heck worked for Ferdinand Hoffstätter in Bonn, a company that made badges, and "worked in a studio focused on military designs."[1][2]
In 1929,[3] Heck designed the SS logo, not based on some ancient Aryan Germanic rune as mythologised by the Nazis, but because he wanted to move away from the Fraktur lettering ubiquitous in Germany at the time and also thought that the capital "S" used in the standard Latin alphabet was too soft to represent the values of the SS. He may also have been influenced by the double lightning bolt symbol used to warn people of a dangerous high voltage which is similar to the symbol that Heck designed.[4] He was paid 2.5 ℛ︁ℳ︁ for his work (about $2).[2][4][5] At the time, Heck was a company commander in the Sturmabteilung (SA), and would later join the SS.[5] By 1944 he was an Obersturmführer.[6]
In 1944, during the Second World War, a fellow officer wrote to Heinrich Himmler on Heck's behalf asking for some special consideration for Heck on account of the very small payment he had received for his design work on the SS symbol, and the fact that he was impoverished and had not retained any copyright on the design. Himmler wrote to Heck in response to say that, after the war was over, he intended to give Heck a family home with a garden but that he expected him to have started a family and have at least two children by then.[6]
Other designs
editHeck also designed the SA-Runes badge, a combination of a runic S and a Gothic A,[2] and in 1932, with Karl Diebitsch, he designed the all-black SS uniform, not Hugo Boss as is often stated, although Boss's eponymous company, Hugo Boss AG, did manufacture them.[7]
Legacy
editIn 2017, the German television channel ZDFinfo released a 50-minute documentary Signs of Evil – The Runes of the SS from Silke Potthoff, which explored the history of the "SS" symbol and Heck's role in its design.[4]
References
edit- ^ Blackmore, Tim (2019). Gorgeous War: The Branding War Between the Third Reich and the United States. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. p. 211. ISBN 9781771124225. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- ^ a b c McNab, Chris (2013). Hitler's Elite: The SS 1939-45. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 90. ISBN 9781472806451. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- ^ "SS-Obersturmführer Walter Heck, Köln.- Nachträgliche Belohnung für den Entwurf des SS-Zivilabzeichens im Jahre 1929 - Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek". www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de (in German). Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
- ^ a b c Kellerhoff, Sven Felix (4 March 2017). "Himmlers SS-Runen folgten bizarren Vorbildern". Die Welt. Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- ^ a b Garson, Paul (2012). "Non-uniform uniformity - the German soldier". New Images of Nazi Germany A Photographic Collection. Jefferson: McFarland, Incorporated. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-7864-6966-6. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- ^ a b Signs of Evil – The Runes of the SS, ZDF Info, 2016. 22.15.
- ^ Bartrop, Paul R; Grimm, Eve E (2019). Perpetrating the Holocaust: Leaders, Enablers, and Collaborators. p. 43. ISBN 9781440858970. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
Further reading
edit- "Norse Mythology and Nazi Propaganda – The Cross Section". Crosssection.GNS.wisc.edu.