Water cascade analysis (WCA) is a technique to calculate the minimum flowrate target for feedwater and wastewater for continuous water-using processes.[1]
Principle
editIt is a tabular and numerical alternative to the water surplus diagram in Water Pinch which can be used to identify opportunities for reduction in feedwater usage and the design of water distribution networks. The WCA is done in three steps, a global analysis of water distribution and consumption in the network, establishing baseline minimum water targets and redesign of the water network to achieve these targets.
History
editWCA was first introduced by Manan, Tan and Foo in 2004.[2] Since then, it has been widely used as a tool for water conservation in industrial process plants. A Time dependent water cascade analysis was presented later on.[3] A variation of the WCA is the gas cascade analysis (GCA).[4]
References
edit- ^ Water cascade analysis technique for minimum flowrate targeting
- ^ Manan, Z. A.; Tan, Y. L.; Foo, C. Y. (2004). "Targeting the Minimum Water Flowrate Using Water Cascade Analysis Technique". AIChE Journal. 50 (12): 3169–3183. doi:10.1002/aic.10235.
- ^ Time dependent water cascade analysis
- ^ Chwan Yee Foo, Dominic; Abdul Manan, Zainuddin (2006). "Setting the Minimum Utility Gas Flowrate Targets Using Cascade Analysis Technique". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 45 (17): 5986–5995. doi:10.1021/ie051322k.