Zeehan /ˈziːən/ is a town on the west coast of Tasmania, Australia 139 kilometres (86 mi) south-west of Burnie. It is part of the West Coast Council, along with the seaport Strahan and neighbouring mining towns of Rosebery and Queenstown.
| Zeehan Tasmania | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Zeehan Post Office, opened 1 August 1888 | |||||||||
  Zeehan Location in Tasmania | |||||||||
| Coordinates | 41°53′S 145°20′E / 41.883°S 145.333°E | ||||||||
| Population | 702 (UCL 2021)[1] | ||||||||
| • Density | 404.4/km2 (1,047/sq mi) | ||||||||
| Postcode(s) | 7469 | ||||||||
| Elevation | 172 m (564 ft)[2] | ||||||||
| Area | 1.8 km2 (0.7 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Location |
| ||||||||
| LGA(s) | West Coast Council | ||||||||
| State electorate(s) | Braddon | ||||||||
| Federal division(s) | Braddon | ||||||||
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History
editThe greater Zeehan area was inhabited by the indigenous Peerapper and Tommeginne clans[3] of the North West group for over 10,000 years prior to the British colonisation of Tasmania. They were greatly coastal peoples, residing in small numbers on a diet consisting of muttonbirds, seals, swan eggs and cider gum, and constructed bark huts when strong westerly winds brought about rain and icy temperatures.[4]
European naming
editOn 24 November 1642, Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European explorer to sight and document the Heemskirk and West Coast Ranges. Tasman sailed his ships close to the coastal area which today encompasses the Southwest Conservation Area, south of Macquarie Harbour, but was unable to send a landing party ashore due to poor weather and did not make contact with any South West Tasmanian groups. In their circumnavigation of Tasmania between 1798 and 1799, George Bass and Matthew Flinders named the Heemskirk Ranges mountains Mount Heemskirk and Mount Zeehan after Tasman's ships, the warship Heemskerck (itself named after Jacob van Heemskerck, whose surname means "from Heemskerk") and the 200-tonne (200-long-ton; 220-short-ton) fluyt Zeehaen (Old Dutch for "Sea Rooster") in honour of Tasman's voyage of exploration.[5][6] Although Dutch in origin, Bass and Flinder's Anglicised naming of Mount Heemskirk and Mount Zeehan created some of the oldest British place names in Tasmania.[note 1]
Mining boom
editTin was discovered nearby at Mount Bischoff in 1871 and at Mount Heemskirk in 1879. Deposits of silver and lead were discovered in the area by Frank Long in 1882 and Mount Zeehan Post Office opened on 1 August 1888. The township was named Zeehan in 1890[8] and over the following decades, quickly expanded due to its proximity to the Zeehan mineral field. The peak period for mining was up to the First World War, when 159 companies operated at the town's peak and the town stock exchange had 60 members.[3] With a main street over 3.2 kilometres (2.0 mi) long, the township claimed over 20 hotels,[9] several pubs, a hospital,[3] and two theatres, the Gaiety Theatre and Theatre Royal.[10] It developed a friendly rivalry with Queenstown, and while the silver boom lasted it was known as the Silver City.[11] In the first decade of the twentieth century it was the third largest town in Tasmania, after Hobart and Launceston. Sharing a mineral field and railway, the mining locality of Dundas was historically paired with Zeehan. A port was established at Trial Harbour for Zeehan, however its exposure to the Roaring Forties made the site a vulnerable anchorage. After the construction of the Strahan–Zeehan Railway, Strahan became Zeehan's favourable port. The mines earned some two hundred thousand dollars per year for two decades, before progressively declining till the 1960s, when the last mines, Montana and Oceana were closed.
Decline
edit
The population of Zeehan-Dundas peaked at 10,000 in about 1910, over ten times the current population. In the 1970s it saw increased activity due to operations at the nearby Renison Bell tin mine, and again in the 1990s. It had its own council until the early 1900s,[12] and has since merged with surrounding councils to form the Municipality of West Coast. At the 2011 census, Zeehan had a population of 728.[13] The town was subject to several acts of arson in the 2010s, one of which saw damage to historic buildings dating back to the 1890s.[14][15] The township has had its share of criminal characters-with various acts of manslaughter, assault and aggravated burglary in its history both past and present.[16][17][18] During the COVID-19 pandemic, ten parcels of land, some as cheap as $8000, were sold by the West Coast Council as a means to attract new residents.[19] It is hoped tourism will continue to bolster the local economy, with a new takeaway (Wildz Takeaway) open on the main road, and the creation of The Western Echo newspaper. A History of the West Coast model railway and diorama display is now open opposite the museum and is being built as a tourist attraction. The area has also seen an influx of visitors since the establishment of several mountain biking trails around Zeehan, Trial Harbour and Queenstown.[20]
Pollution
editIn 2021, a study of the levels of pollution in the lakes of northwest Tasmania found a level of contamination with lead copper, cadmium and arsenic equal to the most severely polluted lakes in the world.[3] Owen Tarn and Basin Lake near Queenstown were the worst, but Dove Lake, Lake Dobson, Lake Cygnus, and Perched Lake were also affected. These lakes are in the mountainous areas up to 130 kilometres (81 mi) downwind from Zeehan and Queenstown and have been adulterated by atmospheric pollution mainly caused by open cut mining proceeding uninhibited till finally controlled by the Environment Protection Act of 1973.[3] Recent bushfires have caused an increase in atmospheric mercury levels to three or four times the pre-industrial level due to the release of mercury previously locked in trees. Evidence indicates the area has suffered from dangerous levels of environmental pollution for over a century.[3]
Roads
editZeehan is connected with the north coast of Tasmania by the Murchison Highway, to Strahan by the Zeehan-Strahan Road, and Queenstown by the Zeehan Highway.
Railways
editZeehan was an important railway location—the end of the Emu Bay Railway, and the beginning of the government-owned Strahan-Zeehan Railway service that connected to Strahan and Regatta Point, where the Mount Lyell Railway connected to Queenstown. Also at early stages of the town's history, a series of timber trams spread out from Zeehan towards the Pieman River as well as a number of other locations.
Some of the smaller railway operations east of Zeehan were unique. One had the honour of having the first Garratt locomotive designed and built for its operations.
After the government rail connection between Zeehan and Strahan closed, the Mount Lyell Company trucked its copper ore to the Emu Bay Railway terminus at Melba Flats, a few kilometres east of Zeehan.
Newspapers
edit- The 'Western Echo' is the current west coast newspaper, covering Zeehan, Queenstown, Strahan, Rosebery, Tullah and Waratah.See also the article: Zeehan and Dundas Herald
Economy
editDundas Mining's Avebury nickel mine,[21] Zeehan Zinc's Comstock Mine and Bluestone Tin's Renison Bell tin mine are significant economic contributors to the community, but the majority of the town relies on tourism for its survival.
In 2018, construction began on the $280 million Granville Harbour Wind Farm, Tasmania's tallest wind farm, located 35 km north-west of Zeehan. It took Tasmania to 100 percent renewable energy, and in 2020, it was Australia's best performing wind farm.[22][23]
In 2022, Avesbury mine opened - bringing new opportunities for the town of Zeehan and surrounds.[24]
Tourism features
editThe main streetscape of Zeehan is one significant feature of the town, featuring many boom-time and pre-Federation buildings. Among these attractions is the Gaiety Theatre, Grand Hotel and the West Coast Heritage Centre (formerly known as the West Coast Pioneers Museum) located within the former Zeehan School of Mines and Metallurgy building. The West Coast Heritage Centre features examples of Tasmania's mineral emblem, the valuable crystal crocoite, as well as other geological specimens and historic mining artefacts. [25]
Notable people
editThe famed concert pianist Eileen Joyce was born in Zeehan, and Eileen Joyce Memorial Park in Zeehan was named in her honour. Reverend Dorothy McRae-McMahon, Australia's first openly gay clergy member and human rights activist was born in Zeehan.
Notable events
editParts of a 1925 Australian silent film, Jewelled Nights were shot[26] on Savage River, north of the town in the Tarkine rainforest.
Bushfires were reported near Zeehan in 1896, 1908, 1977, 1980 and 2006. In November 2012 the town was threatened by bushfires from two directions.[27][28] However, the alert was later removed. There were also bushfires in February 1890 (diary of Edward Jennings and this http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article13761103).
Bushfires also threatened Zeehan in 2019- with the fire coming approximately 2 kilometres from the town. Residents were evacuated to Queenstown and Strahan after it was decided that the school was no longer a safe locale for residents to gather.[29]
2023 crime drama, dark comedy series, Bay of Fires, starring Marta Dusseldorp was filmed at locations in Zeehan, Queenstown and Strahan in 2022.[30][31]
Climate
editZeehan has a cool, wet oceanic climate (Cfb) with mild damp summers and chilly, long, rainy winters.
| Climate data for Zeehan Post Office (1908-1968; precipitation 1890-1968) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.5 (67.1) |
20.2 (68.4) |
18.4 (65.1) |
15.4 (59.7) |
13.2 (55.8) |
11.2 (52.2) |
10.8 (51.4) |
11.5 (52.7) |
13.3 (55.9) |
14.9 (58.8) |
16.3 (61.3) |
18.2 (64.8) |
15.2 (59.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.8 (47.8) |
9.5 (49.1) |
8.4 (47.1) |
6.9 (44.4) |
5.5 (41.9) |
3.8 (38.8) |
3.4 (38.1) |
3.8 (38.8) |
4.8 (40.6) |
5.7 (42.3) |
6.9 (44.4) |
8.2 (46.8) |
6.3 (43.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 137.6 (5.42) |
113.8 (4.48) |
151.0 (5.94) |
215.7 (8.49) |
237.8 (9.36) |
252.2 (9.93) |
264.9 (10.43) |
262.5 (10.33) |
229.7 (9.04) |
221.2 (8.71) |
189.6 (7.46) |
165.3 (6.51) |
2,441.3 (96.1) |
| Source: [32] | |||||||||||||
Gallery
edit
-
The Gaiety Theatre, Zeehan, constructed in 1898. Screened The Story of the Kelly Gang, considered the world's first feature length film, on its original run in 1907. -
Zeehan School of Mines and Metallurgy, constructed in 1903 -
![Former bank at 112 Main Street Zeehan. It was constructed by the Commercial Bank of Tasmania and opened in 1899.[33] It was merged into the English, Scottish and Australian Bank in 1921 and the ANZ Bank in 1970, but the branch was closed by ANZ in late 2016.](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/112_Main_Street_Zeehan_20171121-063.jpg/200px-112_Main_Street_Zeehan_20171121-063.jpg)
Former bank at 112 Main Street Zeehan. It was constructed by the Commercial Bank of Tasmania and opened in 1899.[33] It was merged into the English, Scottish and Australian Bank in 1921 and the ANZ Bank in 1970, but the branch was closed by ANZ in late 2016. -
Former Zeehan Police Station and Court House, now part of the West Coast Heritage Centre -
Locomotive,
West Coast Pioneers Museum -
Beyer Peacock and Dubbs locomotives,
West Coast Pioneers Museum
![Former bank at 112 Main Street Zeehan. It was constructed by the Commercial Bank of Tasmania and opened in 1899.[33] It was merged into the English, Scottish and Australian Bank in 1921 and the ANZ Bank in 1970, but the branch was closed by ANZ in late 2016.](/wiki/File:112_Main_Street_Zeehan_20171121-063.jpg)
Notes
edit- ^ Only a few Dutch place names in Tasmania originate from Tasman's 1642 voyage. Although some place names originate from Bruni d'Entrecasteaux's French expedition in 1792,[7] most place names were not assigned in Van Diemen's Land until after the settlement of Hobart Town at Risdon Cove in 1803. It was not until after the 1815 discovery of Macquarie Harbour by explorer and mariner James Kelly that many place names on the West Coast were assigned.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Zeehan (urban centre and locality)". Australian Census 2021.
- ^ a b c d "Climate Data: Zeehan Post Office". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f Zeehan Hospital, Zeehan, Tasmania. The First Forty Years, During The Mining Boom 1894-1934 The Curious Case of the Missing Lead Poisoning (PDF), American Journal of Surgery and Clinical Case Reports, retrieved 18 May 2022
- ^ Baird, Andy, Voices of Aboriginal Tasmania: ningenneh tunapry Education Guide (PDF), Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, p. 9, retrieved 2 June 2022
- ^ F. Adama van Scheltema & Anton Mensing, 1898. "Tasman's ships Zeehaen and Heemskerck". State Library of South Australia. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Ship model Dutch fluyt ZEEHAEN of 1639". modelships.de. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
- ^ "French came, sowed and left Tasmania in 1792". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 20 February 2003. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
- ^ Premier Postal History. "Post Office List". Premier Postal Auctions. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
- ^ "ZEEHAN - RICH IN HISTORY". Discover Tasmania. 28 April 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
- ^ "Movie Theaters in Zeehan, Tasmania". Cinema Treasures. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
- ^ "MINERAL RETURNS". The Examiner (Tasmania). Vol. LX, no. 79. Tasmania, Australia. 2 April 1900. p. 2 (DAILY.). Retrieved 5 November 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "Zeehan Council". The North Western Advocate and the Emu Bay Times. Tasmania, Australia. 14 May 1909. p. 4. Retrieved 12 May 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Zeehan (SSC) (State Suburb)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
- ^ "Suspicious fire probe after blaze destroys Zeehan businesses, historic buildings". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 28 February 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
- ^ Bennett, Lachlan (5 June 2019). "Fire destroys Zeehan's only traditional takeaway shop 'The Cribb Hut'". The Advocate (Tasmania). Retrieved 19 May 2022.
- ^ Wilson, Amber (28 April 2021). "Murderer granted parole after 16 years' jail but barred from returning to Zeehan". The Mercury (Hobart). Retrieved 25 May 2022.
- ^ Kinniburgh, Channel (7 June 2018). "Three men charged with assault and aggravated burglary after Zeehan home invasion". The Mercury. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
- ^ Moran, Jessica (22 June 2022). "Zeehan man jailed for attacking housemates after they said they wanted to move out". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
- ^ Kempton, Helen (19 March 2021). "Blocks go for as little as $8000 and very fast in council sale". The Mercury. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
- ^ "West Coast Mountain Bike Trails". Retrieved 2 December 2022.
- ^ "Avebury Nickel Deposit". Retrieved 12 August 2021.
- ^ Ford, Sean (13 October 2021). "Granville Harbour Wind Farm in Rystad Energy's top 10". The Examiner. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
- ^ Bowra, Matilda (10 June 2021). "How engineers built Tasmania's tallest and most remote wind farm". createdigital.org.au. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
- ^ "Avebury mine revamp". Premier of Tasmania. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
- ^ "Crocoite mining in Tasmania a wild west adventure". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 16 May 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
- ^ "Silent movie finds new voice". ABC News. 29 January 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
- ^ "Two bushfires threaten Tasmanian town". ABC News. 11 November 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
- ^ "TFS Map". Tasmania Fire Service. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
- ^ "Residents evacuate or defend". ABC News. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
- ^ Maddox, Gary (20 October 2021). "Marta Dusseldorp moves into TV production, reveals first series". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
- ^ Knox, David (14 July 2023). "Lockdown dreams of Bay of Fires". TV Tonight. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
- ^ Bureau of Meteorology "Climate statistics for Zeehan Post Office"
- ^ "The Commercial Bank of Tasmania". Zeehan and Dundas Herald. 6 July 1899.
Further reading
edit- Blainey, Geoffrey (2000). The Peaks of Lyell (6th ed.). Hobart: St. David's Park Publishing. ISBN 0-7246-2265-9.
- Manny, L.B. (1963) Railways of the Zeehan District Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, October/November.
- Rae, Lou (2001). The Abt Railway and Railways of the Lyell region. Sandy Bay: Lou Rae. ISBN 0-9592098-7-5.
- Whitham, Charles (2003). Western Tasmania - A land of riches and beauty (Reprint 2003 ed.). Queenstown: Municipality of Queenstown.
- Whitham, Lindsay (2002). Railways, Mines, Pubs and People and other historical research. Sandy Bay: Tasmanian Historical Research Association. ISBN 0-909479-21-6.