The West Midlands Combined Authority (WMCA) is the combined authority for the West Midlands metropolitan county in the United Kingdom. It was established by statutory instrument under the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009.[3] It is a strategic authority with powers over transport, economic development and regeneration. The authority formally came into being on 17 June 2016.[4]
West Midlands Combined Authority | |
|---|---|
 | |
 West Midlands Authority within England | |
| Type | |
| Type | |
| Houses | Unicameral |
Term limits | None |
| History | |
| Founded | 17 June 2016 |
| Preceded by | West Midlands County Council |
| Leadership | |
Deputy Mayor | |
Laura Shoaf since 10 November 2021[2] | |
| Structure | |
| Seats | Mayor + 7 Council Leaders |
Political groups |
|
| Elections | |
| Direct election First past the post (FPTP) | |
Last election | 2 May 2024 |
Next election | 4 May 2028 |
| Meeting place | |
 | |
| 16 Summer Lane, Birmingham, B19 3SD | |
| Website | |
| www | |
Structure
editThe authority consists of seven indirectly elected constituent members, each a directly elected councillor from one of the seven West Midlands county local authorities, as well as the Mayor of the West Midlands, who is directly elected by the county's residents.[5]
There are currently thirteen non-constituent members, made up of three Local Enterprise Partnerships, as well as ten local authorities from outside the West Midlands county. There are also four 'observer organisations' (organisations awaiting non-constituent membership and non-voting observers).[6]
History
editThe abolition of the West Midlands County Council in 1986 left the county without a single authority covering the whole area, although some council functions continued to be provided jointly, through the West Midlands Joint Committee, the West Midlands Integrated Transport Authority, West Midlands Police (initially under the oversight of the West Midlands Police Authority and currently overseen by the directly elected West Midlands Police and Crime Commissioner) and West Midlands Fire Service.
The authority has previously (incorrectly) been referred to as the Greater Birmingham Combined Authority, or simply Greater Birmingham,[7][8][9] as the final model and membership was worked out and negotiated. Greater Birmingham is a term present in the current Local Enterprise Partnership which serves Birmingham, Solihull and some additional local council areas within the West Midlands.[10]
Organisation
editThe authority's initial priorities involved co-ordinating the city-region to act as one place on certain issues, such as international promotion and investment; reforming public services such as mental health services; and improving internal and external transport links.[11]
Transport for West Midlands
editTransport for West Midlands (TfWM) is an executive body of the WMCA that oversees transportation (road, rail, bus and Metro) within the metropolitan county. The organisation carries over the previous responsibilities of Centro (the West Midlands Passenger Transport Executive).[12] TfWM has a similar level of responsibility to Transport for London - although its responsibility for highways is limited to a defined set of major routes (the West Midlands Key Route Network).[13] TfWM's policies and strategy are set by the WMCA's transport delivery committee.
Transport for West Midlands operates the West Midlands Metro tram system, and is currently expanding the system from Birmingham City centre to Birmingham Airport, and to the west to Brierley Hill via the Merry Hill Shopping Centre. Metro extensions are planned and constructed through the Midland Metro Alliance, of which TfWM is a member.
TfWM is also looking at improvements to the M5 and M6 motorways, and new cycle routes as part of a metropolitan cycle network. There are also plans to work with central government over the future of the underused M6 Toll.[14]
Housing and planning
editWhile local planning will remain in the hands of the seven boroughs, the WMCA will be able to analyse county-wide brownfield sites and decide where new homes should be built.
Health
editA mental health commission was formed in order to create a reformed mental healthcare system in the county.[15] The WMCA will not, however, have control over a devolved NHS budget, as is the case in Greater Manchester.
Youth Engagement
editThe WMCA has co-run the West Midlands Young Combined Authority with Birmingham-based organisation Aspire4U CIC, via its specific project named LyfeProof, since June 2021,[16] and before that with the Beatfreeks Collective from September 2019 to May 2021.[17] Upon its establishment in September 2019, the YCA had 33 members aged between 16 and 25 years old, drawn from all seven constituent local authorities.[18] The members of the YCA are appointed by the Combined Authority Board, and they have provided an update on its work at each WMCA Board meeting since January 2020.
At the close of the first session of the YCA in August 2020, the number of members had reduced to 16, and it was agreed that the YCA would adopt a bicameral approach to its operation, featuring a core YCA board, combined with a YCA community, who would comment on the work of the WMCA and YCA.[19]
The YCA board was reformed in September 2020, and between October 2020 and November 2021 was co-chaired by Aisha Masood, a member from Birmingham, and Chris Burden, from Wolverhampton, who was elected councillor for the Fallings Park ward at the 2021 Wolverhampton City Council election.[19] It functions as a scrutiny and campaign body, and for 2020/21 had co-leads who dedicated to comment and engaged on the work of relevant WMCA portfolio leads. In November 2021, the YCA were awarded The Chair's Award, at the Royal Town Planning Institute's West Midlands Awards for Planning Excellence,[20] for the publication of a Vision and Priorities document in February 2021.[21]
After further recruitment, the body had about 25 members and was chaired in 2021–2022 by Kashmire Hawker of Wolverhampton, a candidate for Tettenhall Regis at the 2022 City of Wolverhampton Council election, and Lily Eaves of Coventry.
A further review of the YCA's structure was undertaken in autumn 2022, with detail on specifics to be confirmed.
Mayor of West Midlands
editIn 2017, the West Midlands, like several other city regions, elected a 'metro mayor' with similar powers to the Mayor of London. A directly elected mayor for the combined authority area was described as 'inevitable',[22] as such a role had been stated as a conditional requirement for a more powerful devolution deal. The WMCA shadow board submitted proposals for a combined authority with and without a mayor leader, and decided which plan of action to take based on the devolution proposals from the government for each.[23] Powers sought for a regional metro mayor and the WMCA were first revealed in a leaked bid document first reported by Simon Gilbert, of the Coventry Telegraph.[24] Those powers included the ability of the mayor to levy extra business rates from companies in the region. Negotiations also included the desire to take away the ability of local councils to retain future business rates growth and to hand that cash to the WMCA, who would decide how it was spent across the region instead of by individual local authorities.
The date of the first mayoral election was 4 May 2017.[25] The election was won by Andy Street of the Conservative Party, with 50.4% of the votes in the second round against Sion Simon, the then Labour Party Member of the European Parliament for the West Midlands.[26] Street was re-elected in May 2021's election, with an increased vote share of 54.04% in the second round vote against Liam Byrne, Birmingham Hodge Hill's Labour Party Member of Parliament.[27] Richard Parker of the Labour Party won the 2024 election, held on 2 May 2024, narrowly defeating Street, who was running for a third term.
The mayor is a member of the Mayoral Council for England and the Council of the Nations and Regions.
Membership
editAs of June 2024, the membership of the Combined Authority's Board were as follows:[28]
Colour key (for political parties): Conservative Labour Independent / Non-political
| Constituent membership | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Names of Members | Nominating Authority | Position Within Nominating Authority | |
| Richard Parker | West Midlands Combined Authority | Mayor of the West Midlands | |
| John Cotton and Sharon Thompson | Birmingham City Council | Leader and Deputy Leader of the Council | |
| George Duggins and Abdul Khan | Coventry City Council | Leader and Deputy Leader of the Council | |
| Patrick Harley and Paul Bradley | Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council | Leader and Deputy Leader of the Council | |
| Kerrie Carmichael and Paul Moore | Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council | Leader and Deputy Leader of the Council | |
| Ian Courts and Bob Sleigh | Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council | Leader of the Council | |
| Adrian Andrew and Kerry Murphy | Walsall Metropolitan Borough Council | Deputy Leader of the Council and Portfolio Holder for Street Pride | |
| Stephen Simpkins and Steve Evans | City of Wolverhampton Council | Leader and Deputy Leader of the Council | |
| Non-constituent membership | |||
| Tony Johnson | Cannock Chase District Council | Leader and Deputy Leader of the Council | |
| David Wright | North Warwickshire Borough Council | Leader of the Council | |
| Chris Watkins | Nuneaton and Bedworth Borough Council | Leader of the Council | |
| Joe Baker | Redditch Borough Council | Leader of the Council | |
| Michael Moran | Rugby Borough Council | Leader of the Council | |
| Lezley Picton | Shropshire Council | Leader of the Council | |
| Susan Juned | Stratford-on-Avon District Council | Leader of the Council | |
| Carol Dean | Tamworth Borough Council | Leader of the Council | |
| Shaun Davies | Telford and Wrekin Council | Leader of the Council | |
| Ian Davison | Warwick District Council | Leader of the Council | |
| Izzi Seccombe | Warwickshire County Council | Leader of the Council | |
| Simon Foster | West Midlands Police and Crime Commissioner | ||
| West Midlands Fire Authority | |||
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Sharon Thompson appointed Deputy Mayor of the West Midlands".
- ^ "Laura Shoaf due to be appointed chief executive of the West Midlands Combined Authority". West Midlands Combined Authority. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
- ^ "SI/SR Template" (PDF). Retrieved 10 August 2016.
- ^ "Combined Authority". Solihull MBC. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
- ^ "CONSTITUTION OF THE WEST MIDLANDS COMBINED AUTHORITY" (PDF). Retrieved 4 December 2017.
- ^ "WMCA Interactive Chart". Retrieved 3 December 2017.
- ^ "Business groups give backing to 'Greater Birmingham' combined authority". Birmingham Mail. 1 October 2015. Retrieved 11 October 2015.
- ^ "West Midlands Combined Authority is such a dismal title – you would expect no less from a committee". Birmingham Mail. 18 June 2015. Retrieved 11 October 2015.
- ^ "Greater Birmingham councils bid for £8 billion devolution deal". Birmingham Mail. 5 September 2015. Retrieved 11 October 2015.
- ^ "Greater Birmingham and Solihull LEP". Retrieved 21 September 2017.
- ^ "Launch Statement" (PDF). West Midlands Combined Authority. July 2015. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
- ^ "Centro to be abolished as WMCA takes charge of transport « Chamberlain Files". thechamberlainfiles.com. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
- ^ "Transforming Public Transport". Transport for West Midlands. Retrieved 28 July 2018.
- ^ "West Midlands Combined Authority - £4 billion of transport infrastructure over coming decade". westmidlandscombinedauthority.org.uk. Archived from the original on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
- ^ WMCA Devolution Agreement: Key Points. West Midlands Combined Authority.
- ^ "Announcement of New Partner for WM Young Combined Authority". Kashmire Hawker. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
- ^ "WM Young Board". West Midlands Young Combined Authority. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
- ^ "Young Combined Authority members meet for the first time". West Midlands Combined Authority. 16 September 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
- ^ a b WMCA Board - 13 November 2020. West Midlands Combined Authority. 13 November 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
- ^ "RTPI West Midlands Awards for Planning Excellence". Royal Town Planning Institute. 29 November 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
- ^ "Young people launch a vision for the future of the region". West Midlands Combined Authority. 15 February 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
- ^ Elkes, Neil (16 June 2015). "Elected Mayor for West Midlands by 2019 according to council leaders group". Birmingham Mail. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
- ^ "Dale's Devo Diary: West Midlands hatches 'to be or not to be' Metro Mayor plan". Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ Gilbert, Simon (25 September 2015). "Revealed: Leaked document shows full details of West Midlands 'super council' bid". Coventry Telegraph. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
- ^ Gilbert, Simon (12 May 2016). "Date of election to choose Greater Birmingham mayor". Coventry Telegraph. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
- ^ "Mayor of the West Midlands". Retrieved 3 December 2017.
- ^ "West Midlands Mayor Election Results". BBC News. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
- ^ "Board papers, 14 June 2024" (PDF). West Midlands Combined Authority. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
