The Whiting Refinery is an oil refinery located on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan and the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal[1] and operated by BP. The facility is primarily located in Whiting, Indiana, USA, though portions of the 1,400 acres (5.7 km2) complex span into the neighboring cities of Hammond and East Chicago.[1]
 Whiting Refinery in October 2024 | |
  Location of the Whiting Refinery in Indiana, United States | |
| Country | United States |
|---|---|
| Province | Indiana |
| City | Whiting, East Chicago, Hammond |
| Coordinates | 41°40′23″N 87°28′43″W / 41.67306°N 87.47861°W |
| Refinery details | |
| Operator | BP Products North America |
| Owner(s) | BP |
| Commissioned | 1889 |
| Area | 1,400 acres (570 ha) |
| Capacity | 450,000 bbl/d (72,000 m3/d) |
| No. of employees | 1800 |
The refinery was established in 1889 by Standard Oil of Indiana. It is the sixth largest refinery in the US and has a capacity of more than 400,000 barrels per day (64,000 m3/d) of crude oil.[2]
Modernization project
editIn 2012 BP undertook a $14B modernization project at Whiting to remove older, less efficient equipment and to install state-of-the-art pollution controls to emissions[1][2] which will "reduce harmful air pollution that can cause respiratory problems such as asthma and are significant contributors to acid rain, smog and haze, by more than 4,000 tons per year."[2] The new Gas Oil Hydrotreater and Coker with a reconfigured distillation unit.[1] The new Pipestill 12 unit which was upgraded with a coker to handle the heavier Western Canadian Select crude oil[3] was built to increase energy security in the Midwest by replacing lighter crude oil with heavier crudes.
Mechanical problems and shut down
editIn August 2015 the most important unit of the Whiting refinery, capable of handling 240 thousand barrel per day and known as 12 pipe still, was shut down - reportedly due to holes found in piping, "disrupted markets throughout the region."[4] The price of oil in Oklahoma fell and the price of gasoline in the USA Midwest increased.[4][5] The price of Western Canadian Select, the heavy crude oil from western Canada refined at the Whiting refinery, fell to $20/bbl - its lowest price in nine years, causing the Canadian oil to be redirected into oil storage at the Oklahoma storage hub.[6] An oil buildup at the Cushing hub is causing a spread between the price of the North American oil (known as the WTI) and the European price (known as Brent). That spread has averaged about $6 for 2015. During 2013 when the 12 Pipe Still unit was upgraded to handle the heavier Canadian crude oil, the WTI-Brent spread increased to over $20. As of August 2015, the Cushing oil hub is at 80% of its 71-million-barrel capacity, rising at the rate of about 1 million barrels a week.[3](subscription required)
In August 2022, the Whiting refinery was shut down after a fire broke out at the refinery. [7][8]
Emissions
editIn 2001 as part of EPA's Petroleum Refinery Initiative BP consented to reduce emissions at all of its refineries.[2] According to an internal fact sheet from BP, "[f]rom "2001 through 2008, the Whiting refinery reduced regulated air emissions 72%."[1][2] However, BP North America did not fulfill all its obligations under the 2001 settlement agreement and committed new violations of the Clean Air Act at the Whiting refinery during the construction project, such as flaring devices. As a result, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Department of Justice fined BP North America $8M and required the company to install innovative pollution controls similar to those in a 2012 EPA settlement with Ohio-based Marathon Petroleum Corporation in April 2012 which involved reducing flares and increasing combustion efficiencies.[2][9] In 2021 BP settled a citizen suit brought by environmental groups by agreeing to stricter monitoring of soot particulate pollution and a $500,000 settlement.[10] The lawsuit alleged that every day since August 2015, emissions from the Whiting Refinery had violated the Clean Air Act and that state and federal regulators, while aware of the violations, failed to take enforcement or regulatory action to prevent them.[11]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e "Whiting Facility Fact Sheet", Whiting, 13 June 2011, retrieved 2 February 2016
- ^ a b c d e f "BP Agrees To Add More Than $400M in Pollution Controls at Indiana Refinery And Pay $8M Clean Air Act Penalty". Oil and Gas Online. 23 May 2012. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
- ^ a b "BP's Whiting refinery outage shakes oil markets", Financial Times, 14 August 2015, retrieved 14 August 2015
- ^ a b William Fletcher (12 August 2015). "William Fletcher posted 23 hours ago K A Shutdown At The Largest Refinery In The U.S. Midwest Sends Regional Gas Prices Soaring". OilPro. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
- ^ Kyle Bakx (12 August 2015). "Oilsands companies feel the pain as Canadian oil price falls Alberta companies at break-even point or losing money". CBC. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
- ^ "Commodities", Financial Post, Calgary Herald, p. D8–D9, 6 August 2015c
- ^ "BP Whiting shutdown: Michigan lifting some fuel rules after Indiana refinery fire". ABC 7 Chicago. 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ Erwin Seba (26 August 2022). "BP Whiting, Indiana, refinery shut; timing of restart unknown -sources". Reuters. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Marathon Petroleum Company - LP and Catlettsburg Refining - LLC Settlement (Flaring)". Washington, DC: EPA. 5 April 2012. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
- ^ Thiele, Rebecca (3 December 2021). "Pollution settlement forces changes at BP's Whiting Refinery, company to pay $500,000".
- ^ Thiele, Rebecca (11 September 2019). "Sierra Club Suing BP Over Air Violations At Whiting Refinery".