Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Language/2023 June 8

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June 8

A person who quarrels, shouts for silly reason

What words can be used to describe this man.

Always uses bad words against shopkeepers, bank staff, hospital staff, while conversation that would provoke other person. Will misbehave with co passengers in trains buses. When the other person will get angry, he will start punching the other guy, as if the other guy is bad.

If any doctor or government clerk is few minutes late will start abusing and start quarrelling in loud voice rather than having patience. Elbows passengers in crowded bus and pretend he is innocent man. he has very bad habit of provoking people into loud quarells and fighting, shoving, pushing. This guys exist in reality.

Also tell me- does yelling means quarelling in loud voice? 2409:4088:9C89:9169:CD9E:8D4B:2A85:9313 (talk) 05:28, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

One possibility is "narcissist." ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 05:40, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

Crotchety. Male Karen? Clarityfiend (talk) 09:31, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

Yelling mainly means just screaming, I'd say. Quarreling doesn't necessarily have much to do with it. 惑乱 Wakuran (talk) 10:04, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

In BrE, 'yelling' just means shouting loudly, but in a 'normal' voice – 'screaming' implies fear or complete loss of control, and mixing in shriller upper-register tones.

The individual could certainly be described as over-aggressive and, more technically, as having low emotional self-regulation. {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} 90.221.195.5 (talk) 10:47, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

You can use Karen (or – my orthographic preference – lower-case karen) to refer to an obnoxiously self-entitled spoiled person of any sex and gender.  --Lambiam 11:48, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

Hmm, "kare" is Japanese for "he, him", but it would require some Japanese proficiency to understand the bilingual pun... (It seems that Karen is an actual semi-popular Japanese female name inspired by its English counterpart, by the way, but I don't think it has the same connotations in modern Japanese pop culture.) 惑乱 Wakuran (talk) 12:10, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

I believe a male version is a 'Ken'. -- zzuuzz ^(talk) 12:46, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

Cantankerous (usually combined with 'git' or 'old git') and grump (grumpy [old] git) would probably be my choice. -- zzuuzz ^(talk) 12:46, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

Hotheads. Modocc (talk) 14:13, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

Having a hair-trigger temper, being quick-tempered, short-tempered, bad-tempered. 70.67.193.176 (talk) 15:26, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

Most of the above posters have given good responses. I'd just call him an asshole. --User:Khajidha (talk) (contributions) 16:26, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

However, people can be total assholes yet not loud and quarrelsome. So IMO asshole is a hypernym of karen.  --Lambiam 23:53, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

wikt:fractious, wikt:quarrelsome, possibly wikt:overbearing or wikt:insufferable. --Amble (talk) 18:01, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

Like they used to say about Earl Weaver, "He's not happy unless he's not happy." ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 18:11, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

Here are some words, but not definitions: he was probably bullied atrociously by his dad, therefore bullies everyone else, possibly quite sensitive but thin-skinned, mummy's boy perhaps (although he hates her and all women), feels totally inadequate, perhaps some unresolved traumatic episode some time ago (PTSD), cunning rather than intellectual, promoted above his ability at work, something else went wrong, marriage falling to pieces, probably drinks and/or gambles heavily, not many friends, small dick syndrome, deathwish somewhere. If it weren't against the law, if I came across him acting like that I would punch his lights out. Theoretically, of course. MinorProphet (talk) 22:07, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

Mardi Gras

Why is the S not pronounced in Gras? --40bus (talk) 20:25, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

Because this name is borrowed from French and is pronounced according to the rules of French phonology. For why French does not pronounce the final /s/, start with Phonological_history_of_French#To_Late_Old_French,_c._1250–1300. 70.67.193.176 (talk) 20:41, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

Are there any native words in French where word-final standalone ⟨s⟩ and ⟨t⟩ are pronounced before a pause?

--40bus (talk) 20:47, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

Don't know about a pause, but yes before a following vowel in restricted circumstances. Have a look at Liaison_(French), but I don't think any of the permitted sequences could apply to the word Mardi Gras. 70.67.193.176 (talk) 21:01, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

Hélas for one. ColinFine (talk) 22:54, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

In current French, the final ⟨s⟩ of ours is always pronounced.  --Lambiam 23:45, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

The table at French orthography#Spelling to sound correspondences cites these words:

• final ⟨s⟩: fils, sens, os, ours
• final ⟨t⟩: dot, brut, yaourt

One can also add the pronoun tous. --Theurgist (talk) 00:16, 9 June 2023 (UTC)

In which languages these could be words?

Are there any languages where words alä, losö, and sulü could be native words which follow phonotactical rules? They cannot be in Finnish, Hungarian and Turkic languages because of vowel harmony, they cannot be in Estonian because ä, ö and ü cannot be in end of word, nor they cannot be in Swedish (except losö if compound) because words, especially multi-syllable words rarely end in Ä. --40bus (talk) 20:50, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

If you ask about phonotactics and sound values, you should use International Phonetic Alphabet instead of some home made Latin orthography. Now it's a bit unclear whether you are asking about phonotactics or orthography. (And alä, losö and suly, although not natural, don't really contradict Swedish phonotactical rules, as far as I know.) Anyway, trying to pronounce the words as I think you mean them to, my best bet might be French, where allait is an actual word and loseau and soulue don't feel directly implausible. (All three words could be spelled somewhat differently with the same sound values, by the way.) 惑乱 Wakuran (talk) 21:38, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

速率 (sulü) is a Chinese word roughly equivalent to "speed". Our sister encyclopaedia has an article on it. Not sure what that has to do with phonotactics though. Folly Mox (talk) 09:53, 9 June 2023 (UTC)

Are there any native words in German which end in Ä, Ö or Ü, or are there any native words in Standard German which two umlauted vowels in row (ää, öö, üü)? --40bus (talk) 14:46, 9 June 2023 (UTC)

Ä: Ädikulä, Antepaenultimä, Aspiratä, hä, Kannä, Kenchreä, Kolossä, Liquidä, Mariä, Mediä, Mycenä, Mykenä, Pänultimä, Päperläpä, Prä, Ultimä; Ö: Bö, Diarrhö, Gonorrhö, Regenbö; Ü: Ekrü, Menü, Parvenü, Ringlspü; ää: Chääs, Pääkkönenit; öö: Öömrang; üü: rüüdig. 87.13.136.172 (talk) 18:31, 9 June 2023 (UTC)

Many of these words appear to be either borrowings or dialectal, though. 惑乱 Wakuran (talk) 20:10, 9 June 2023 (UTC)

(ec) Most of these are Latin, Greek or French. Some are dialectal ("Chääs" is Swiss German, "Ringelspü" is Austrian, not sure if that is the usual spelling). As current standard German I would only accept "hä" (an interjection, is that a full word?), "Bö" (although apparently of Dutch origin, "bui" according to de:Bö) and "Menü" (a loan word from French). "Diarrhoe" and "Gonorrhoe" are also in use, but clearly perceived as "Fremdwörter" (foreign words), the rest even more so and antiquated to boot. --Wrongfilter (talk) 20:16, 9 June 2023 (UTC)

They would be legal in Volapük, I believe. —Tamfang (talk) 16:21, 12 June 2023 (UTC)

Spanish-language equivalent of certain sources

Hello. I pretty routinely use Bartlett's Familiar Quotations and The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations. I'm wondering if there's an equivalent reference that provides this, but is either in Spanish or focuses more on Spanish-language quotations. Or in particular, idioms and sayings. I would prefer something professionally published rather than a website. Thank you! 69.174.144.79 (talk) 22:25, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

Perhaps this Diccionario de citas.  --Lambiam 23:38, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

There's a list of Spanish dictionaries of quotations here, and dictionaries of sayings here. --Antiquary (talk) 10:32, 9 June 2023 (UTC)

And out of those, the Diccionario de dichos y frases hechas by Alberto Buitrago Jiménez went into at least 9 editions, and the Diccionario ilustrado de frases célebres y citas literarias by Vicente Vega into at least 4, so give the appearance of being standard reference works. --Antiquary (talk) 11:52, 9 June 2023 (UTC)