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July 1
The President of Venezuela is both the head of state and the head of government of Venezuela. The current presidential term is for six years with the constitutionally guaranteed recourse of holding a popular recall referendum anytime within the last three years of a presidential term. On 15 February 2009, a referendum removed the previous restrictions which limited the President to two terms. Nicolás Maduro assumed office of the presidency of Venezuela on 14 April 2013 after a special presidential election held five days earlier, following the death of Hugo Chávez (pictured). The presidential designation encompasses only those persons who were sworn into office as President of Venezuela following Venezuela's declaration of independence from Spanish colonial rule, which took effect on 5 July 1811. The first president, taking office on 5 July 1811, was actually the president of a triumvirate that rotated the presidency weekly. The person serving as president during the week of 5 July was one of the three signatories of the Declaration of Independence: Cristóbal Mendoza. Mendoza shared the triumvirate with Juan Escalona and Baltasar Padrón. (Full list...)
July 8
The English comic actor Dan Leno (1860–1904) performed various songs, sketches and monologues that earned him vast popularity during the Victorian and Edwardian eras. In addition to his acting roles on the London stage, Leno originated and popularised many songs, sketches and monologues in his music hall acts, and he recorded some of his work shortly before he died. Although his recording period was brief (1901–03), he produced around thirty recordings that were released by the Gramophone and Typewriter Company. For his music hall sketches, Leno created characters who relayed comic observations on everyday life in London. He aided his repertoire by purchasing songs from the foremost music hall writers and composers of the day, including Harry Dacre, Joseph Tabrar and George Le Brunn. Le Brunn's compositions earned Leno the most success: "The Detective", "The Jap", "All Through a Little Piece of Bacon" and "The Detective Camera" proved popular with London audiences and elevated Leno to the forefront of music hall entertainment. (Full list...)
July 15
The Administrator and Deputy Administrator of NASA are the highest-ranked officials of NASA, the space agency of the United States. The Administrator serves as the senior space science adviser to the President of the United States. The first Administrator of NASA was Dr. T. Keith Glennan, who served from 1958 until 1961. Daniel Goldin (pictured) held the post for the longest term. The only person to hold the post twice is James C. Fletcher, who returned to NASA following the Challenger disaster. The longest-running acting Deputy Administrator was John R. Dailey, who held the post following his retirement from the United States Marine Corps. The longest-running full Deputy Administrator was Hugh Latimer Dryden, who was the first Deputy Administrator. William R. Graham has held the post of Deputy Administrator twice, and was the acting Administrator in between, as did Frederick D. Gregory. Dr. Daniel Mulville served as the acting Deputy Administrator twice, and was acting Administrator in between. (Full list...)
July 22
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Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Cabinet. To be eligible for a justice position, one must have been a judge of a superior court, or a member of the bar for ten or more years. A Supreme Court justice, as with all federal judges, may sit on the bench only until the age of 75 years. The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court of Canada and is composed of nine judges: eight Puisne Justices and the Chief Justice of Canada. Three of the nine positions must be held by judges who are members of the Bar of Quebec. Traditionally, three of the judges are appointed from Ontario, two from the four western provinces, and one from the Atlantic provinces. Beverley McLachlin (pictured) is the current Chief Justice and is the first woman to hold this position. (Full list...)
July 29
Alumni of Boston Latin School, the first public school and the oldest existing school in the United States, have included four Harvard presidents, four Massachusetts governors, and five signers of the United States Declaration of Independence. Boston Latin School admitted only male students at its founding in 1635. The school's first female student was admitted in the nineteenth century. Admission is determined by a combination of a student's score on the Independent School Entrance Examination and recent grades, and is limited to residents of the city of Boston. Although Boston Latin runs from the 7th through the 12th grade, it admits students only into the 7th and 9th grades. Several preeminent architects, a leading art historian, a notable naturalist and the conductors of the New York Philharmonic and Boston Pops orchestras are all graduates of the school. There are also several notable non-graduate alumni, including Louis Farrakhan (pictured), leader of the Nation of Islam. (Full list...)