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Introduction
editAcute visual loss is a rapid loss of the ability to see. Common causes include retinal detachment, glaucoma, macular degeneration, and giant cell arteritis.[1]
Retinal detachment
editRetinal detachment should be considered if there were preceding flashes or floaters, or if there is a new visual field defect in one eye.[2][3] If treated early enough, retinal tear and detachment can have a good outcome.[2]
Glaucoma
editAngle-closure glaucoma should be considered if there is a painful loss of vision with a red eye, nausea or vomiting.[4] The eye pressure will be very high typically greater than 40 mmHg.[5] Emergent laser treatment to the iris may prevent blindness.[4]
Macular degeneration 1
editWet macular degeneration should be considered in older people with new distortion of their vision with bleeding in the macula.[6][7]
Macular degeneration 2
editVision can often be regained with prompt eye injections with anti-VEGF agents.[6]
Giant cell arteritis
editGiant cell arteritis should be considered in an older person with jaw claudication, temporal pain, and feeling tired.[8] Placing the person on steroids might save both their vision and decrease their risk of stroke.[9] Without treatment a person can quickly go blind in both eyes.[10]
References
edit- ^ Kim, Christopher (2014). Volume 3, Issue 3, An Issue of Hospital Medicine Clinics, E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. e414. ISBN 9780323311830.
- ^ a b Fraser, S; Steel, D (24 November 2010). "Retinal detachment". BMJ clinical evidence. 2010. PMC 3275330. PMID 21406128.
- ^ "Facts About Retinal Detachment". National Eye Institute. October 2009. Archived from the original on 28 July 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
- ^ a b "Facts About Glaucoma". National Eye Institute. Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
- ^ Simcock, Peter; Burger, Andre (2015). Fast Facts: Ophthalmology. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. p. 25. ISBN 9781908541727.
- ^ a b "Facts About Age-Related Macular Degeneration". National Eye Institute. June 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
- ^ Brown, Thomas Andrew; Shah, Sonali J. (2013). USMLE Step 1 Secrets3: USMLE Step 1 Secrets. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 576. ISBN 0323085148.
- ^ "Giant Cell Arteritis". National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. 13 April 2017. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
- ^ "Giant Cell Arteritis". National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. 13 April 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2018.
- ^ Solomon, Caren G.; Weyand, Cornelia M.; Goronzy, Jörg J. (2014). "Giant-Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica". New England Journal of Medicine. 371 (1): 50–7. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1214825. PMC 4277693. PMID 24988557.