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Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of National Biography/Tractarians

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Working list for DNB biographies of people related to the Tractarians (also known as the Oxford Movement). This list currently only contains participants or supporters.

Wikisource status Wikipedia article absent Wikipedia article present, needs DNB expansion Wikipedia article present, does not need DNB expansion
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s:Gresley, William (DNB00)=William Gresley, s:Rivington, Francis (DNB00)=Francis Rivington, s:Seager, Charles (DNB00)=Charles Seager, s:Scudamore, William Edward (DNB00)=William Edward Scudamore

s:Anstey, Thomas Chisholm (DNB00)=Thomas Chisholm Anstey, s:Bagot, Richard (DNB00)=Richard Bagot (bishop), s:Brewer, John Sherren (DNB00)=John Sherren Brewer, s:Forbes, Alexander Penrose (DNB00)=Alexander Penrose Forbes, s:Rawes, Henry Augustus (DNB00)=Henry Augustus Rawes, s:Rogers, Frederic (DNB00)=Frederic Rogers, 1st Baron Blachford, s:Short, Augustus (DNB00)=Augustus Short, s:Simpson, Richard (DNB00)=Richard Simpson (writer), ?s:Newman, John Henry (DNB00)=John Henry Newman?, s:Sewell, William (DNB00)=William Sewell, s:Short, Augustus (DNB00)=Augustus Short, s:Walter, John (1818-1894) (DNB00)=John Walter (third)

James Thomas O'Brien=s:O'Brien, James Thomas (DNB00), James Edwin Thorold Rogers=s:Rogers, James Edwin Thorold

Wikisource DNB article not yet present

John Rouse Bloxam, John William Bowden, William Dodsworth, Edward Ellerton, William Henry Guillemard, Henry Garrett Newland

Cecil Frances Alexander, Edward Bellasis, Robert Brett, James Robert Hope-Scott, John Jebb (bishop), John Keble, Alexander Knox, James Bowling Mozley, Thomas Mozley, Frederick Oakeley, Frederick Apthorp Paley, William Palmer (theologian), Edward Bouverie Pusey, Charles William Russell, Nicholas Wiseman, Robert Isaac Wilberforce

ODNB topic, no article in DNB00 or DNB01

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Autogenerated from the epitome pages in Category:Missing encyclopedic articles (Dictionary of National Biography)

  1. ^ Mrs Alexander . CECIL FRANCES (1818-1895), poetess, nee Humphreys; with a friend, Lady Harriet Howard, wrote tracts in connection with Oxford movement from 1842; married, 1850, William Alexander, bishop of Derry (afterwards archbishop of Armagh). Her poetical works comprise many hymns, including There is a green hill far away
  2. ^ Thomas Chisholm Anstey (1816-1873), lawyer; educated at Wellington and University College, London; called to bar, 1839; became interested in the Oxford movement, and was converted to Roman Catholicism; professor of law at Roman catholic college, Prior Park, Bath; took to politics as supporter of extreme section of O'Connell's followers; M.P. for Youghal, 1847-52; attorney-general of Hong Kong, 1854; his radical policy led to his suspension and recall, 1859; practised, except from 1866-8, at Bombay bar, till death: published many legal and political tracts.
  3. ^ Richard Bagot (1782-1864), bishop; educated at Rugby and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1806; D.D., 1829 fellow of All Souls; rector of Leigh, Staffordshire, 1806, and of Bathfield, 1807; canon of Windsor, 1807, and of Worcester, 1817; dean of Canterbury, 1827-45; bishop of Oxford, 1829-45, during which period he reluctantly played part in the Oxford movement; bishop of Bath and Wells, 1846; published charges.
  4. ^ Edward Bellasis (1800-1873), lawyer; educated at Christ's Hospital; called to bar at Inner Temple, 1824; practised in court of chancery and in county palatine of Lancaster; engaged as barrister in parliamentary business, 1836-66; serjeant-at-law, 1844; one of commissioners to examine working of HeraldsCollege, 1869; evinced great interest in Tractarian movement, 1833-45, and took part in discussion produced by Pius IX's bull in 1850; entered the Roman catholic communion, 1860; magistrate of Middlesex and Westminster: published religious writings, and left an autobiography and manuscript verses.
  5. ^ Edward Bickersteth (1786-1850), evangelical divine; received appointment in General Post Office, c. 1800; in partnership with his brother-in-law, a solicitor at Norwich, 1812; abandoned practice of law, and was ordained; one of secretaries of Church Missionary Society, 1816-30, during which time he travelled asdeputation; assistant minister of Wheler Episcopal Chapel, Spitalfields; rector of Watton, Hertfordshire, 1830. Took an active part in opposing the Tractarian movement; one of the founders of the Parker Society and of the Irish Church Missions Society; frequently acted as deputation for Society for Conversion of Jews, and other religious associations. His works include Help to Studying the Scriptures and Christian Psalmody a collection of over seven hundred hymns.
  6. ^ Charles James Blomfield (1786-1867), bishop of London; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1808; fellow; presented to St. Botolph, Bishopsgate; bishop of Chester, 1H24; translated to see of London, 1828; instituted, 1836, for building and endowing churches in metropolis a fund which, 1854, was merged in London Diocesan Church Building Society; in the Tractarian movement (c. 1842) upheld definitely the views of neither party while agreeing on some points with both; edited five plays of scbylus, with notes and glossaries, three Greek lyric poets for Gaisford's Poetae Minores Graeci (1823), and contributed on classical subjects to magazines.
  7. ^ John Rouse Bloxam (1807-1891), historian of Magdalen College; educated at Rugby and Worcester and Magdalen Colleges, Oxford: M.A., 1836; D.D., 1847; fellow of Magdalen College, 1836-63; pro-proctor of university, 1841; held various offices at his college till 1862: he was in full sympathy with the Tractarians; vicar of Upper Seeding, Sussex, 1862-91: published and left in manuscript valuable collections relating to the history of Magdalen College.
  8. ^ John William Bowden (1798-1844), ecclesiastical writer; educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Oxford; M. A., 1823; commissioner of stamps, 1826-40; intimate friend of John Henry Newman, and a zealous partisan in the Tractarian movement. His works include a Life of Gregory VII (1840).
  9. ^ Robert Brett (1808-1874), surgeon; studied at St. George's Hospital, London; M.R.C.S.E., and L.S.A.L., 1830; practised at Stoke Newington: took active part in Tractarian movement, Dr. Pusey being among his friend: vice-president of English Church Union.
  10. ^ Charles Daubeny (1745-1827), archdeacon of Salisbury: educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford; fellow of New College, 1774; prebendary of Salisbury. 1784; minister (1798) of Christ Church, Walcot, Bath, the first free and open church in the country, to the erection of which he was the chief subscriber; archdeacon of Salisbury, 1804: D.O.L. Oxford, 1822; author of numerous theological works, partly anticipating the tractarian movement.
  11. ^ William Dodsworth (1798-1861), Roman catholic writer: M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1823; adopted Tractarian opinions and became minister of Margaret Street Chapel, Cavendish Square, London; perpetual curate of Christ Church, St. Pancras, London, 1837; joined the Roman catholic church after the Gorham judgment, 1851: published Advent Lectures 1837, Anglicanism considered in its results 1851, and catholic apologetics.
  12. ^ Edward Ellerton (1770-1851), founder of Hcholurships; M.A. University College, Oxford, 1796; master of Magdalen College School, 1799; fellow of Magdaleu; D.D., 1815; held various country curacies: founded the Ellerton theological essay prize, 1825, and exhibitions :it Magdalen and Richmond School; joint-founder of the 1'ii-t-y and Klk-rton scholarships, 1832; wrote against Tractarianism, 1846.
  13. ^ George Stanley Faber (1773-1854), controversialist: scholar of University College, Oxford, 1790; fellow of Lincoln, 1793; M.A., 1796; Bampton lecturer, 1801; B.D., 1803; vicar of Stockton-upon-Tees, 1805-8; master of Sherburn Hospital, 1832-54; prebendary of Salisbury, 1831. Characteristic works are The Origin of Pagan Idolatry a pre-scientific dissertation, 1816, and Letters on Tractarian Secessions to Popery 1846, and 'The Revival of the French Emperorship, anticipated from the Necessity of Prophecy 1852.
  14. ^ James Garbett (1802-1879). professor of poetry at Oxford; brother of Edward Garbett; fellow of Saeen's College, Oxford, 1824-5, of Brasenose, 1825-36; .A., 1825; incumbent of Clayton-cum-Keymer, 1835-79: Bampton lecturer, 1842; professor of poetry, 1842-52; archdeacon of Chichester, 1851; published anti-tractarian Bampton lectures andDe Rei Poeticse Idea 1843.
  15. ^ William Henry Guillemard (1815-1887), divine; of Christ's Hospital and Pembroke College, Cambridge; fellow, 1839; M.A., 18 11; D.D., 1870; headmaster of Royal College, Armagh, 1848-69; vicar of St. Mary -the- Less, Cambridge, 1869-87; introduced Oxford movement at Cambridge; published Hebraisms of the Greek Testament 1879.
  16. ^ James Robert Hope-Scott (1812-1873), parliamentary barrister; third son of Sir Alexander Hope; travelled in Germany and Italy before going to Eton; at Christ Church, Oxford, became the friend of William Ewart Gladstone and Roundell Palmer, afterwards Earl of Selborne: fellow of Merton, 1833; D.C.L., 1843; barrister, Inner Temple, 1840; named chancellor of Salisbury, 1840, after arguing before House of Lords against Ecclesiastical Duties and Revenues Bill, 1840; joined tractarians, becoming Newman's chief adviser; with Manning received into Roman church, 1851; soon obtained immense parliamentary practice; Q.C., 1849; married John Gibson Lockhart's daughter, and assumed additional name of Scott, 1853, on becoming possessor of Abbotsford; wrote against Ecclesiastical Titles Act, 1867.
  17. ^ John Jebb (1775-1833), bishop of Limerick; M.A., Trinity College, Dublin, 1801; rector of Abington, 1809; archdeacon of Emly, 1830; D.D., 1821; bishop of Limerick, 1822-33; defended Irish establishment in House of Lords, 1824; chief works, Essay on Sacred Literature 1820; pioneer of Oxford movement.
  18. ^ John Keble (1792-1866), divine and poet; educated by his father; scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1806; fellow of Oriel, 1811, also tutor, 18181823: B.A., 1811; won the university prizes for English and Latin essays, 1812: had Richard Hurrell Froude and Isaac Williams among his pupils when curate at Southrop; declined offers of benefices during his father's lifetime; professor of poetry at Oxford, 1831-41; vicar of Hursley, Hampshire, 1836-66. Keble College, Oxford (opened, 1869), was founded in his memory. Keble's sermon of 1833 on national apostasy initiated the Oxford Movement which he also supported in seven Tracts for the Times by his translation of Irenaeus in The Library of the Fathers and his Life and Works of Bishop Thomas Wilson. He also edited Hooker's works (1836), and helped Newman with Richard Hurrell Fronde's * Remains The Christian Year appeared anonymously in 1827, and attained extraordinary success. His De Poeticae VI Medlca(Oxford poetry lectures) appeared, 1841; Lyra Innocentium 1846, Sermons Academical and Occasional 1847, and the treatiseOn Eucharistical Adoration 1857. Chief among the posthumous publications were Miscellaneous poems 1869, and Occasional Papers and Reviews 1877.
  19. ^ Alexander Knox (1757-1831), theological writer ; descended from the family to which John Knox the reformer belonged; shown by his correspondence with Bishop Jebb to have anticipated the Oxford movement; advocated catholic emancipation.
  20. ^ James Bowling Mozley (1813-1878), regius professor of divinity at Oxford; M.A. Oriel College, 1838; D.D., 1871; gained the English essay, 1835; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1840; took part in the Oxford movement; joint-editor of the Christian Remembrancer; incumbent of Old Shoreham, 1856; agreed with the Gorham decision (1850), and wrote three works on the subject of dispute; his Bampton lectures on Miracles published, 1865; canon of Worcester, 1869; regius professor of divinity, 1871; Lia lectures and collected works published after his death.
  21. ^ Thomas Mozley (1806-1893), divine and journalist; B.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1828; fellow, 1829; married Newman's sister, Harriet Elizabeth, 1836; rector of Cholderton, 1836-47; took part in the tractarian movement; editor of the British Critic 1841-3; wrote leaders for the Times from 1844; rector of Plymtree, 1868-80; attended the oecumenical council at Rome as the "Times correspondent, 1869-70. His Reminiscences 1882, contain a valuable account of Oxford during the tractarian movement.
  22. ^ Henry Garrett Newland (1804-1860), divine: M.A. Corpus Christ! College, Cambridge, 1830 rector of Westbourne, 1829; vicar of St. Mary-Church, 1885; supported the tractarian movement, and published pamphlets on it.
  23. ^ John Henry Newman (1801-1890), cardinal; educated at Dr. Nicholas's school at Ealing; matriculated from Trinity College, Oxford, 1816, where he gained a scholarship, 1818: B.A.,1820; fellow of Oriel, 1822; curate of St. Clement's, Oxford, 1824; vice-principal of Alban Hall, Oxford, 1825; assisted the principal, Dr. Whately, in his Logic; tutor of Oriel College, Oxford, 1826, Richard Hurrell Froude being elected in the same year; Whitehall preacher, 1827; examiner in literae i jmawioTY*, 1827-8; influential in Hawkins's election to the provostship of Oriel College, Oxford, and was himself presented to the vicarage of St. Mary's, Oxford, vacated by Hawkins, 1828; resigned his fellowship, 1832, and went to the south of Europe with Hurrell Froude: wrote most of the Lyra Apostolica in Rome (1834); published Lead kindly light composed during his passage in an orange boat from Palermo to Marseilles, 1833; on his return, 1833, met William Palmer, Hurrell Froude, and Arthur Philip Perceval at Hugh James Rose's rectory at Hadleigh, and with them resolved to fight for tbe doctrine of apostolical succession and the integrity of the prayer-book; preached four o'clock sermons at St. Mary's, Oxfonl; commenced Tracts for the Times and published his book on Arians of the fourth Century 1833: found an ally in Dr. Pusey, who joined theOxford movement 1835; published in defence of Anglo-catholicisuiRomanism and Popular Protestantism 1837, and JustificationDisquisition on the Canon of Scripture andTractate on Antichrist 1838, and became editor of the British Critic; began to doubt the Anglican view, 1839; maintained inTra.-t XC. 1841, that the articles were opposed to Roman dogma ami errors, hut not to catholic teaching, a view which raiswi a storm of indignation, and brought the tractarians under the official ban: retired to Littlernore, 184*, and passed the next three yearn in prayer, fasting, and seclusion; formally retracted all he had said against the Romish church and resigned the living of St. Mary's, nxfnnl, 1843; received into tin- Roman church, 1846; wait to Rome, 1846, and was ordained priest and created D.D.; returned to Englajid to establish the oratory at Rirniini;liani, 1847, and London, I860; publishedTwelve Lectures 1860, and in his Lectures on the present Position of Catholics 1861, exposed the moral turpitude of Achilli, an apostate monk, which led to a libel action, Ui which Newman was fined 100., although he established bis facto, 1853: rector of the Dublin Catholic University, 1864-8; laid down the aims and principles of education in Idea of* a University; published Apologia pro Vita sua 1864, in answer to "baric- Kingslf.v, who in Macmillau's Magazine had remarked that Newman did not consider truth a necessary virtue; asserted that papal prerogatives cannot touch the civil allegiance of catholics in his 4 Letter to the Duke of Norfolk; honorary fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, 1877; formally created cardinal of St. George in Velabro, 1879. His guiding motive was the conception of an infallible church.
  24. ^ Frederick Oakeley (1802-1880), tractarian; son of Sir Charles Oakeley; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford. 1824; chaplain-fel'low of Balliol College, Oxford, 1827; joined the tractarian movement; prebendary of Lichfleld, 1830; appointed Whitehall preacher, 1837, and incumbent of Margaret Chapel, London, 1839, where he introduced ritualism: joined the Roman communion, 1846, and was an original canon of the Roman catholic diocese of Westminster, 1852; published theological works before and after bis secession.
  25. ^ James Thomas O'Brien (1792-1874), bishop of Ossory, Ferns, and Leighlin: B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1815; fellow, 1820; D.D., 1830; instituted dean of Cork, 1842; bishop of Ossory, 1842; wrote on justification by faith and the evidences of religion, and opposed the Oxford movement
  26. ^ Frederick Apthorp Paley (1815 - 1888), classical scholar; grandson of William Paley; of Shrewsbury School and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1842; hon. LL.D. Aberdeen, 1883; became famous as a Greek scholar withJSschyli quae supersunt omnia 1844-7; sympathised with the Oxford movement, and (1846) was forced to leave Cambridge in consequence of a suspicion that he had encouraged one of his pupils to join the Roman church; became a Roman catholic, and (1847-56) acted as private tutor hi various wealthy families; returned to Cambridge on the partial removal of religious disabilities, 1860; private tutor till 1874: professor of classical literature of the new catholic university college at Kensington, 1874-7. His publications include The Tragedies of Euripides 1857, his introductions to the plays of Euripides being models of clearness, Manual of Gothic Mouldings 1845, The Epics of Hesiod 1861, editions and translations of other classical authors, and Bibliographia Graeca 1881. He was a firm believer hi theory of the Solar Myth and propounded the suggestion that the Iliad and Odyssey were put together out of a general stock of traditions in the time of Pericles.
  27. ^ William Palmer (1803-1886}), theologian and ecoledtttioal antiquary; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1834; M.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1829; published Origines Liturgicae 1832, and a Treatise on the Church of Christ 1838, and associated himself with the tractarians; subsequently published several controversial treatises; prebendary of Salisbury, 1849-58. He assumed the title of baronet in 1866.
  28. ^ Henry Phillpotts (1778-1869), bishop of Exeter; B.A. Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1795; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1795-1804; M.A., 1798; became chaplain to Shute Barrington, bishop of Durham, 1806, and prebendary of Durham, 1809; began (e. 1819) to appear a a writer upon public questions by penning a defence of the existing poor-law and of the conduct of the government in regard to the Peterloo massacre; vehemently opposed catholic emancipation in his controversy with Charles Butler (1750-1832), 1825; shared the conversion of the tory ministry, 1829; bishop of Exeter, 1830-69: opposed the Reform Bill in the House of Lords and came into collision with Earl Grey in regard to the Tithes Bill, 1831; a strict disciplinarian in his diocese, having lawsuits with several of his clergy, including George Cornelius Gorham. Although a high churchman be had no sympathy with the Oxford movement, and vehemently attacked Tract XC.
  29. ^ Edward Bouverie Pusey (1800-1882), regius professor of Hebrew at Oxford and canon of Christ Church; was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1825; elected, 1822, a fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, where he was brought into contact and intimacy with his brother-fellows, Keble and Newman: on the ad vice of Charles Lloyd (1784-1829) studied oriental languages and biblical criticism at Gbttiugeu, Berlin, and Bonn, 1825-7; appointed regius professor o f Hebrew, Oxford, 1828; with his assistant lectured nine times a week, and (1832) joined with his brother Philip and Edward Ellertou in founding the Pusey and Ellerton scholarships; became alarmed by the spread of rationalism in the church of England, and came to the conclusion that it could only be checked by the conviction in the minds of her defenders of her divine institution: began to work with Newman and Keble on Tracts for the Times 1833, and was mainly instrumental in bringing about their alteration from stirring appeals to solid doctrinal treatises; produced Tracts on baptism, 1835, and Tracts on the holy eucharist, 1836; when called upon to make some form of declaration which would clearly show his loyalty to the English church (1839), published his Letter to the Bishop of Oxford in which he distinguished between Anglican and Roman doctrine, and also separated himself from ultra protestautinterpretations of the Thirty-nine Articles; identified himself with Newman when the heads of houses condemned Newman's explanation of the articles in Tract No. XC. 1841, and from that time became the leader of the Oxford movement; suspended from the office of university preacher on a charge of heresy, 1843; resumed his preaching in 1846, and reiterated the teaching for which he believed he had been condemned; commenced the establishment of Anglican sisterhoods, 1845; was unceasing in his efforts to hinder secession to the Roman church among those who sympathised with his views; on the occasion of Archdeacon Denison's trial for heresy (1856) published his learned Doctrine of the Real Presence in support of the high Anglican view; engaged in later life in conflict with the latitudinarian tendency in Oxford and elsewhere; opposed the reform of the university in 1854, on the ground that it tended to substitute intellectual for moral and religious training, and in 1862 charged Benjamin Jowett, regius professor of Greek, before the vice-chancellor's court, with teaching opinions which were not in accordance with the doctrine of the church of England; desisted from his opposition to the increased OM.lowiu.-nt of t !,.-(; rook A not to hear the case. to bring abool the union of the English and Knuum.-hiiroae* from 18*6, but saw tin-in annihilated by the decision* of the Vatican eoun.-il in 1H7U; entertained further project* of union with the Wesleyans and the Eastern ohun-h, wh equally inuffivtual; died at Ascot Priory, Birmingham. He consistently maintained that t: church of England were contained in the writing* of the Lit:: n.:.!...::.,,:.!,. tnry, and thai their tignifloanoe had afterwards bean obscured. Pusev Home at Oxford, an institati to carry on his work, inherited hU library,
  30. ^ Francis Rivington (1805-1886), publisher; son of Charles Rivington (1764-1831); succeeded to his father's business, 1831: retired, 1869; published Tracts for the Times and other tractarian writing*.
  31. ^ Frederic Rogers, Baron Blachford (18111889), educated at Eton and Oriel College, Oxford, where he was intimate with Fronde and John Henry Newman; Craven scholar, 1829; MA., 1835; B.O.L., 1838; fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, 1833; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1831; Vinerian scholar, 1834, and fellow, 1840; in sympathy with and (1845) contributor to the tractarian movement; one of founders of Guardian newspaper, 1846; registrar of joint-stock companies, 1844; commissioner of lauds and emigration; permanent undersecretary of state for colonies, 1H60-71; G.C.M.G., 1883; privy councillor, 1871; raised to peerage, 1871.
  32. ^ Charles William Russell (1812 - 1880), president of Maynooth College: educated at Maynooth College; Duuboyue student, 1832: professor of humanity, 1835; apostolic vicar of Ceylon, 184*; professor of ecclesiastical history, Mayuooth, 1845, aud president, 1857: took part in tractarian movement; published antiquarinn and other writings.
  33. ^ William Edward Scudamore (1811-1881), divine; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1837; M.A., 1838; rector of Ditchingham, 1839-81; his opinions fashioned in some degree by the Oxford movement; published devotional works, including Steps to the Altar 1846, and Incense for the Altar 1874.
  34. ^ Charles Seager (1808-1878), orientalist; M.A. Worcester College, Oxford, 1839; pupil of Dr. Pusey, under whom he lectured in Hebrew; took orders in established church; tractarian; seceded to Rome, 1843: first professor of Hebrew and comparative philology at catholic university college, Kensington; member of council of Society of Biblical Archeology: works include a translation of Professor Simonia'sSmaller Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon 1832.
  35. ^ William Sewell (1804-1874), divine; brother of Richard Clarke Sewell; of Winchester and Merton College, Oxford, where he was postmaster, 1822-1827; M.A., 1829; D.D., 1857; Petrean fellow of Exeter College, 1827; tutor of Merton College, Oxford, 1831-53; sub-rector and divinity reader, 1835: dean, 1839; White's professor of moral philosophy, 1836-41; left tractarianism, seeing its Romanising tendencies; assisted in founding St. Columba's College, Rathfarnham, near Dublin, 1842, and St. Peter's College, Radley, near Oxford, 1847; lived at Deutz to avoid his creditors, 1862-70; published miscellaneous works.
  36. ^ Philip Nicholas Shuttleworth (17821842), bishop of Chichester; educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford; M.A., 1811; D.D., 1822; warden of New College, Oxford, 1822-40, and bishop of Chichester, 1840-2; wrote against the tractarians, and published 'Paraphrastic Translation of Apostolic Epistles(1829).
  37. ^ Archibald Campbell Tait (1811-1882), archbishop of Canterbury; born at Edinburgh, his family j being originally Aberdeenshire yeomen; brought up as a presbyterian and educated at Edinburgh High School. Glasgow University, and BalTol College, Oxford, where he was scholar; took a first-class in classics, 1833; fellow, 1834, and one of the most influential tutors in the university; took charge of the parish of Baldou, 1836: visited Germany, 1839; his conduct during the Oxford movement characterised by broadness of view and tolerance.: one of those who condemned Tract XC. isil,aud signal the counter-memorial in favour of Dr. Renn Dickon Hampden, 1847; succeeded Arnold as head-master of Rugby, 1842; appointed dean of Carlisle, 1849; made bishop of London, 1856; showed great firmness and at the same time broad-mindedness in his treatment of the church controversies of the day connected with ritualism and the freedom of opinion of the clergy, especially in theEssays and Reviewscase, 1860, and in the Colenso case, 1862; withdrew the licence of Poole, curate of St. Barnabas, Pimlico, on account of his practice of confession, 1858; showed himself a vigorous evangeliser, and. preached in omnibus yards, Covent Garden market, London, and elsewhere; began the building of new churches; founded the Diocesan Home Mission, 1857, and the Bishop of London's Fund, 1866; supported the Divorce Bill, 1857,. with modifications to suit the conscientious views of theclergy, aud also the relaxation in the forms of subscription demanded from the clergy, 1865; obtained the opening of Westminster Abbey for the evening services, and worked hard during the cholera epidemic, 1866: becamearchbishop of Canterbury, 1869: at first opposed the Irish. Church Bill, but subsequently recognised the inevitable,, the eventual settlement being largely owing to his patience and goal sense; showed sympathy with the Old Catholic j movement abroad, declared against the use of the Athanasian Creed in the public services, and was instrumental I in passing the Public Worship Regulation Act, 1874, though the final bill was not the measure which he had intended or desired; supported the Burial Act, 1880. No archbishop probably since the Reformation had so much weight in parliament or in the country generally.
  38. ^ John Walter (1818-1894), chief proprietor of The Times newspaper; eldest son of John Walter (1776-1847); educated at Eton and Exeter College, Oxford; M.A., 1843; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1847; joined his father in the management of The Times 1840; showed friendliness to the Oxford tractarians; sole manager, 1847; resigned the management to Mowbray Morris: employed as editors John Thaddeus Delane, 1847-78, Thomas Cbenery, 1878-84, and George Earle Buckle from 1884; devised and introduced the 1 Walter printing-press, 1869; M.P., Nottingham, 18471859, and Berkshire, 1859-65 and 1868-85.
  39. ^ Joshua Watson (1771-1866), London wine-merchant, 1792-1814; a Tractarian high-church party; first treasurer ofthe National s.--i.-ty, 1811-42: an active member of most church institutions and associations, and one of the Hackney Phalanx; hon. D.O.L. Oxford, 18SO.
  40. ^ Robert Isaac Wilberforce (1801-1867), archdeacon of East Riding; second son of William Wilberforce fo. T.l: B.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1824: fellow, 182C: M 1K27: sub-dean and tutor, 1828, his colleagues being John Henry Newman nnd Richard Hurrell Froude; identified with tractarian or high-church party; ordained, 1826: priest, 1828; received livings of East Farleigh, 1832, Burton Agnes, 1840; archdeacon of East Riding, 1841; became intimate with Henry Edward Manning, and followed his example in joining Roman catholic church, 1854; entered Academia Ecclesiastica in Rome, 1865, and was in minor orders when he died; published religious and historical writings.
  41. ^ Nicholas Patrick Stk Wiseman l'HKN j (1802-1865), cardinal-archbishop of Westminster; born in j Seville: went to Waterford, 1805; educated at St. Cuthbert's College, Ushaw; received four minor orders unit studied at English College, Rome; doctor in divinity, 1824; ordained priest, 1825: assistant to Abbate Mol.a. who was compiling Syriac grammar; published oriental researches under title Hone Syriacre 1828: professor supernumerary in chairs of Hebrew and Syro-Clmldaic in Roman Archigymnasium of the Sapiena, IK-S; vicerector of English College, Home, 1827, rector, 1828-40; published lectures on Connection between Science aiul Revealed Religion 1836; in England, 1835-6; assisted in, founding Dublin Review Roman catholic quarterly magazine, 1 1836; coadjutor to vicar-apostolic of central district of England, 1839; bishop of Melipotamus ii f partibus, and president of Oscott College, 1840: greatly influenced development of the Oxford movement: published High Church Claims 1841; diplomatic envov from Pius IX to Palmerston, 1848; pro- vicar apostolic o'f London district, 1848; vicar-apostolic, 1849: archbishop of Westminster and cardinal, with title of St. Prudeutianu, 1850; gained wide repute as lecturer on social, artistic. and literary topics. His works include,Fabiola, or tinChurch of the Catacombs a story of the third century. 1854,Recollections of the last Four Popes 1858, an'il numerous lectures and sermons. He is the bishop inBrowning'sBishop Blougram's Apology though thepoem can hardly be accepted as a serious description of his life and aims.
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