William A. Mitchell (October 21, 1911 – July 26, 2004) was an American food chemist who, while working for General Foods Corporation between 1941 and 1976, was the key inventor behind Pop Rocks, Tang, Cool Whip, and powdered egg whites.[1] During his career he received over 70 patents.
William A. Mitchell | |
|---|---|
| Born | October 21, 1911 Raymond, Minnesota |
| Died | July 26, 2004 (aged 92) Stockton, California |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | food chemist |
| Known for | Invented Pop Rocks, Tang, Cool whip and Powdered Egg Whites |
Early life
editHe was born in Raymond, Minnesota. When he was a teenager, he ran the sugar crystallization tanks at the American Sugar Beet Company and slept two hours a night before getting to school. He earned an undergraduate degree at Cotner College in Lincoln, Nebraska and then graduated with a master's degree in chemistry from the University of Nebraska.[2]
Career
editMitchell got a research job at an Agricultural Experiment Station in Lincoln, Nebraska. A lab accident there left him with second- and third-degree burns over most of his body.[3] He joined General Foods in 1941. His first major success came with a tapioca substitute he helped develop during World War II, in response to the disruption of cassava supplies. Because of this, tapioca quickly became known as "Mitchell mud" within the US WW II infantry.[3][4]
In 1957, he invented a powdered fruit-flavored vitamin-enhanced drink mix that became known as Tang Flavor Crystals. NASA started using Tang in 1962 in their space program.[2][5]
In 1956, he tried to create instantly self-carbonating soda, which resulted in the creation of Pop Rocks. Although Pop Rocks weren't sold until 1975, he received patent 3,012,893 for its manufacturing process in 1961.
In 1967, he introduced Cool Whip, which became the largest and most profitable line in its division very quickly.[2]
He received 70 patents[6] in total during his career.[2] Mitchell was a resident of Lincoln Park, New Jersey for many years before moving out west after his retirement in 1976.[7]
Personal life
editHe was married to Ruth Cobbey Mitchell and they had seven children. His daughter, Cheryl Mitchell, also became a food scientist.[8] He moved to Stockton after Ruth's death in 1999. Mitchell died of heart failure on July 26, 2004, at the age of 92 in Stockton, California, where he was living with his daughter.[9][10]
References
edit- ^ Staff. "Inventor of Pop Rocks William Mitchell, 92", Bangor Daily News, July 30, 2004. Accessed May 3, 2011.
- ^ a b c d Matchar, Emily. "The Scientist Behind Some of Our Favorite Junk Foods". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2020-07-27.
- ^ a b Tastemaker With a Sweet Tooth, a November 2004 post mortem article.
- ^ Steyn, Mark (2004-11-01). "Tastemaker With a Sweet Tooth". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2020-07-27.
- ^ "William A. Mitchell - Scientist of the Day". Linda Hall Library. 2017-07-26. Retrieved 2020-07-27.
- ^ "William A. Mitchell Inventions, Patents and Patent Applications - Justia Patents Search". patents.justia.com. Retrieved 2020-07-27.
- ^ Carroll, Kathleen. "William Mitchell, inventor of Pop Rocks", The Record (Bergen County), July 30, 2004. Accessed May 3, 2011. "William A. Mitchell, a longtime Lincoln Park resident whose inventions included Pop Rocks candy, died Monday in a Stockton, Calif., retirement home. He was 92."
- ^ "A Century-Old Dairy Ditches Cows For High-Tech Plant Milk". NPR.org. Retrieved 2020-07-27.
- ^ via [Edit by Dr. Cheryl R. Mitchell]. "William Mitchell; Inventor of Pop Rocks", The Washington Post, August 2, 2004. Accessed May 3, 2011.
- ^ "William A. Mitchell, 92; Chemist, Inventor of Pop Rocks Candy". Los Angeles Times. 2004-07-31. Retrieved 2020-07-27.