Captain William Cornwallis Symonds (1 August 1810[6] – 23 November 1841) was a British Army officer who was prominent in the early colonisation of New Zealand.
William Cornwallis Symonds | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1 August 1810 Lymington, Hampshire, England[1] |
| Died | 23 November 1841 (aged 31) Manukau Harbour, Auckland, New Zealand |
| Allegiance |  United Kingdom |
| Branch | British Army |
| Years of service | 1828–1841 |
| Rank | Captain |
| Unit | 38th Regiment of Foot[2] 74th Regiment of Foot[3] 96th Regiment of Foot[4] |
| Relations | William Symonds (father)[5] Thomas Symonds (grandfather) Mary Anne Whitby (aunt) Thomas Symonds (brother) Jermyn Symonds (brother) |
Biography
editSymonds was born at Lymington, Hampshire in 1810, the eldest son of William Symonds, Surveyor of the Navy, who was a prominent member of the New Zealand Association. He was commissioned into the 38th Foot, promoted to the rank of lieutenant in 1832, transferred to the 74th Foot in 1835, and promoted Captain in 1838.[7]
He came to New Zealand in the early 1830s as an agent of the Waitemata and Manukau Land Company and was instrumental in the founding of Auckland and the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi. He was one of Governor William Hobson's closest and most effective officials and was one of the first six Police Magistrates in New Zealand.[7] Symonds was instrumental in convincing Hobson to make Auckland the capital of New Zealand in 1840.[8] He was Chief Magistrate of Auckland and in 1841 was appointed Deputy Surveyor-General of New Zealand, and laid out Auckland under Felton Mathew.
In the late 1830s, Symonds, alongside Theophilus Heale and Dudley Sinclair (son of Scottish aristocrat Sir George Sinclair), attempted to develop a section of coast alongside the Waitākere Ranges as a trading post and timbermill, which Symonds named Cornwallis after his late uncle, Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis.[8] The plan of the township was laid out, however it was never developed.[7] After the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, Symonds was summoned to testify at the Crown Land Commission to examine the private land deal that led to the creation of Cornwallis, however the court was dissatisfied at the lack of information around the trade goods that were given to Ngāti Whātua, and banned logging activities at Cornwallis for two years until the agreement could be settled.[8] When Scottish settlers arrived at the barren settlement in 1840, he provided them food and support.[8] On 20 March 1840, Symonds and James Hamlin organised for a signing of the Treaty of Waitangi on the Āwhitu Peninsula, where Apihai Te Kawau of Ngāti Whātua signed, but several Waikato Tainui chiefs refused.[9]
During 1841, Symonds accompanied the naturalist Ernst Dieffenbach[10] in his survey of the North Island. On 3 May 1841, Symonds was appointed to the original Legislative Council. He died in a boating accident on 23 November 1841, while sailing across the Manukau Harbour to deliver supplies to the sick wife of missionary James Hamlin on the Āwhitu Peninsula.[8][11] His death was deeply regretted by Hobson.[7]
Symonds Street and Symonds Street Cemetery in Auckland are named after him.[12] Symonds Street in the Auckland suburb of Onehunga is named after his brother Jermyn.
References
edit- ^ WO 25/792/111: Folio 223. Statement of Services of William C. Symonds of the 38th Regiment of Foot with a Record of such Particulars as may be useful in case of his Death – via The National Archives, Kew
- ^ The Army List, for March, 1828. London: War Office. 1828. p. 32.
- ^ The Army List, for June, 1837. London: War Office. 1837. p. 43.
- ^ Hart, Henry George (1842). The New Army List, for April, 1842. London: John Murray. p. 148.
- ^ "Drowned at Manukau". New Zealand Herald and Auckland Gazette. Vol. 1, no. 29. 27 November 1841. p. 3 – via Papers Past.
- ^ Symonds, Sir William; Sharp, James A. (1858). Memoirs of the Life and Services of Rear-Admiral Sir William Symonds ...: Surveyor of the Navy from 1832 to 1847. Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts. p. 201. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
- ^ a b c d Scholefield, Guy, ed. (1940). A Dictionary of New Zealand Biography: M–Addenda (PDF). Vol. II. Wellington: Department of Internal Affairs. p. 356. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Redman, Julie (2007). "Auckland's first settlement at Cornwallis 1835-1860". New Zealand Legacy. 19 (2): 15–18.
- ^ "20 March 1840". Manukau's Journey - Ngā Tapuwae o Manukau. Auckland Libraries Heritage Collections. MJ_0075. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ McLean, Denis. "Dieffenbach, Johann Karl Ernst". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
- ^ "The Cornwallis Settlement". The New Zealand Herald. 4 November 1892 – via Papers Past.
- ^ Roughan, John (25 August 2010). "Auckland: Gentleman settler". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
Further reading
edit- Symonds and Hobson: Michael King (2003). The Penguin History of New Zealand. Auckland: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-301867-1.