The Women's Service Guilds (WSG), initially known as the Women's Service Guilds of Western Australia, was an organising body of the feminist movement in Australia. Founded in 1909, they integrated the campaigns for improved status and welfare of women and children nationally and with overseas organisations.
History
editThe recently federated state of Western Australia was the second Australian state to grant most women a vote in government elections. Many existing and incipient organisations moved to capitalise on the emancipation of women and Women's Service Guilds (WSG) sought to co-ordinate the political actions of these organisations. Despite a 'conservative' membership, similar to the Country Women's Association (CWA) or later National Council of Women of Australia, the body sought to promote feminism and remain free of the two party system that dominated the political scene. It was founded in 1909.[1] The longtime president and co-founder of the WSG was Bessie Rischbieth who connected the organisation to British and American movements and led the organisation to become a national one. Other notable members include Roberta Jull and Edith Cowan (cofounders),[citation needed] Mary Martha Farrelly,[2] Amelia Morrison Macdonald,[3] Ruby Hutchison, Florence Cardell-Oliver, Mary M Bennett, Jean Beadle and broadcaster Irene Greenwood.
The official organ of the WSG was the magazine, Dawn, through which Rischbieth (editor) and the guilds promoted causes such as the representation of women in the judiciary, parliament and in the welfare system. The last issue of the Dawn newsletter was to contain the obituary of its long term editor. The organisation's scope also included the prostitutes and prisoners of the nation. Their long-running campaign to allow the admission of single women to a new hospital (KEMH) was met with staunch opposition from the establishment and media of the day. The Kindergarten system in the state was founded by the organisation,[2] as was the local Girl Guides Association[2] and a home for elderly women, the Mount Henry Hospital. The Civil Rehabilitation Council of Western Australia, the Prisoners Aid Society, the Society for the Preservation of Nature were also auspiced[clarification needed] by the WSG. They were not limited to the newly entitled voters and advocated on behalf of the rights of children and women of the indigenous population of the nation. This was, along with activism for the conservation of Natural heritage, well in advance of international organisations of the 1960s or Australian social movements of the 1980s and 90s.[dubious – discuss]
Their agenda also included pacifist activism, such as the opposition to conscription, and other 'radical' causes. Some of these led to potential splits within the guilds, Cowan actively supported conscription for example, but Rischbieth is credited with maintaining the unity of the movement. She also coordinated with the League of Nations to form a national organisation that addressed issues on a national level. The WSG was affiliated with the Karrakatta Club, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Western Australia and international suffrage movements.
Legacy
editThe Kings Park memorial to pioneering women was founded. The WSG ceased its operation in 1997, nearly 90 years after it began. On the day of disbandment, Cheryl Davenport addressed the state parliament with the details of the achievements of WSG.[4]
A continuing scholarship, the Women's Service Guild[5] top-up, a Murdoch University trust that is available for study at any West Australian university. PhD students with research of benefit to the women and children of Western Australia can apply for three years of funding assistance.[6]
References
edit- ^ Melbourne, National Foundation for Australian Women and The University of. "Women's Service Guilds of Western Australia - Organisation - The Australian Women's Register". www.womenaustralia.info. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
- ^ a b c Erickson, Rica, "Farrelly, Mary Martha (1866–1943)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, retrieved 13 September 2023
- ^ MacDonald, Amelia Morrison Fraser (1920). Papers.
- ^ see below in sources
- ^ Though the official title of the organization may have been "Women's Services Guilds", Women's Services Guild (without the -s) was by far the more common usage.
- ^ *"Women's Service Guild Top-Up Scholarship". Scholarships Office. UWA. 28 August 2006. Retrieved 11 May 2007.
Applications are invited from doctoral candidates whose area of postgraduate research training supports the interest of women and children.
Sources
edit- Denise Tallis (13 December 2005). "Women's Service Guilds of Western Australia (1909–1997)". Australian Women's Archives Project Web Site. National Foundation for Australian Women. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
They worked to raise the status of women and improve the welfare of children, primarily through legislative reform and initiated a wide range of campaigns on local, national and international levels.
- Cheryl Davenport (25 June 1997). "[Wednesday, 25 June 1997]" (PDF). Hansard. Government of Western Australia. Retrieved 11 May 2007.
Women's Service Guilds, a remarkable organisation born in 1909 as part of the first wave of feminism in Australia. At its zenith in the 1920s and 1930s it was a powerful force for social reform, and stood in the forefront of the many activist women's groups which existed at that time throughout the country
Further reading
edit- Davidson, Dianne (1997). Women on the warpath: feminists of the first wave. Nedlands, WA: UWA Press. ISBN 1-875560-91-2.
Formed in 1909, this group of irrepressible and politically diverse women networked, lobbied and struggled towards gender equality. Perth, the most isolated State capital in the country, was described by a visiting Victorian feminist as 'the Mecca of the Women's Movement in Australia'.