The Songjiang Square Pagoda or Songjiang Fangta, officially the Xingshengjiao Temple Pagoda, is a Buddhist pagoda in the old town of Songjiang in suburban Shanghai. Originally built in the 11th century, it is the only structure remaining from the Xingshengjiao Temple, and is now enclosed in the Fangta Park. The 9-story pagoda is 48.5 meters (159 ft) tall, and it has become Songjiang's most famous landmark.
| Songjiang Square Pagoda | |||||||
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| Chinese | 松江方塔 | ||||||
| Literal meaning | Songjiang Square Pagoda | ||||||
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| Xingshengjiao Temple Pagoda | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 興聖教寺塔 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 兴圣教寺塔 | ||||||
| Literal meaning | Xingshengjiao Temple Pagoda | ||||||
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History
editThe pagoda was built between 1068 and 1077,[1] when Songjiang was the largest city in the Shanghai region, a prosperous stop on the Grand Canal between Hangzhou and Suzhou. Each side of the ground floor is about 6 meters (20 ft) long,[2] and its nine stories reach 48.5 meters (159 ft) high.[1] It formed part of Songjiang's Xingshengjiao Temple, originally established in 949 but now completely destroyed.[3] Its Northern Song style has not changed despite renovations under the Ming and Qing and, more recently, in the mid- to late 1970s.[2] In 1974, its first-floor staircase was restored.[2]
In 1974[4] or 1975, a brick vault was discovered under the pagoda during renovations.[1] It was the tomb of the 11th-century monk Miaoyuan (妙遠) whose ashes—as was common of other masters during the Northern Song—had been placed within the hollow belly of the enlightened Buddha to serve as an object of veneration.[4] The bronze reclining Buddha was 42 centimeters (17 in) long and more than 25 kilograms (55 lb).[4] Two elephant teeth and seven relic beads were placed neatly nearby in two silver cases. The Buddha and the silver cases had been stored in a lacquer case, which had been placed in a larger stone one and then stored in an undecorated crypt.[5]
The Square Pagoda is the centerpiece of the modern city's Fangta Park, which was organized in 1980 by Feng Jizhong as one of the first reassertions of the importance of traditional Chinese architecture after the ravages of the Cultural Revolution.[6] It was added to Shanghai's nationally-protected sites (as No. 83-5) in 1996[7] and is now Songjiang's most famous landmark.[1]
See also
editReferences
editCitations
edit- ^ a b c d Lonely Planet (2009).
- ^ a b c "Pagoda at Xingshengjiao Temple in Songjiang County near Shanghai", China through a Lens, China Internet Information Center, retrieved 19 November 2016.
- ^ Petit Futé (2012).
- ^ a b c Lee (2010), p. 258.
- ^ Lee (2010), p. 259.
- ^ Zhu (2014), p. 403.
- ^ "国务院关于公布第四批全国重点文物保护单位的通知 [4th Batch]", 全国重点文物保护单位 [Major National Historical and Cultural Sites], State Administration of Cultural Heritage, 1996, archived from the original on 2014-10-08, retrieved 2016-11-19. (in Chinese)
Bibliography
edit- "Sōngjiāng", China, Lonely Planet, 2009, ISBN 9781742203256.
- "Pagode Carrée", Shanghai et Ses Environs, 3rd ed., Paris: Petit Futé, 2012, ISBN 9782746936225. (in French)
- Lee, Sonya S. (2010), Surviving Nirvana: Death of the Buddha in Chinese Visual Culture, Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, ISBN 9789622091252.
- Zhu Tao (2014), "Architecture in China in the Reform Era: 1978–2010", A Critical History of Contemporary Architecture: 1960–2010, Farnham: Ashgate, pp. 401–18, ISBN 9781409439813.
External links
edit- The Grand Documentation: Ernst Boerschmann and Chinese Religious Architecture, p. 540, a photograph of the pagoda in the 1930s
- Xingshengjiao Temple Pagoda, Architectura Sinica Site Archive