Xoan singing or hát xoan (Vietnamese for 'spring singing', Chữ Nôm: 咭春) is a genre of Vietnamese folk music performed in spring during the first two months of the Tết Nguyên Đán in Phú Thọ Province.[1] The genre includes acting, ceremony, chant, dancing, drumming, and singing; with themes involve romance, riddles, and work.[1] Traditionally occurring in temples, shrines, and communal homes, the songs are performed by a guild, led by a trùm, consisting of male instrumentalists, or kép, and female singers, or đào.[2] A guild consists of ten to fifteen performers,[1] but there are few remaining, increasingly aging, guilds and teachers of this primarily oral tradition.[2]
| Xoan singing | |
|---|---|
 Xoan singing performance in đình | |
| Country | Vietnam |
| Reference | 538 |
| Region | Asia and the Pacific |
| Inscription history | |
| Inscription | 2011 (6th session) |
There are three types of xoan singing: honoring Hùng kings and Thành hoàng (village guardian gods); wishing for good crops, health, and luck; and festive courtship songs alternating male and female voices.[2] The texture is "spare"; perfect fourths are prominent; and instruments include drums and clappers.[2]
Hát is singing or acting and xoan derives from xuân ('spring').[1] Hát xoan has been inscribed on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding since 2011.[2]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Ellen Koskoff, ed. (2008). The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: The Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Volume 2, p.1307. ISBN 9780415972932. and Terry E. Miller, Sean Williams, eds. (2008). The Garland Handbook of Southeast Asian Music, p.265. ISBN 9780415960755.
- ^ a b c d e Intangible Cultural Heritage: "Xoan singing of Phú Thọ Province, Viet Nam", UNESCO.org.
External links
edit| External videos | |
|---|---|
 Xoan singing |
- Media services: "Viet Nam: Xoan singing of Phú Thọ Province", UNESCO.org.
- "Xoan Singing", Vietnam-Culture.com.
- "Xoan singing in Phu Tho Province", VietnamTourism.com.
- "Xoan singing is heritage in need of preservation: UNESCO", ThanhNienNews.com.