Xunke County (simplified Chinese: 逊克县; traditional Chinese: 遜克縣; pinyin: Xùnkè Xiàn) is a county under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Heihe, in northern Heilongjiang province, China, bordering Russia's Amur Oblast to the north across the Amur River. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Heihe. The county spans an area of 17,344 square kilometres (6,697 sq mi), and has a population of about 82,000.[1]
Xunke County
逊克县 | |
|---|---|
 Xunke in Heihe | |
.png) Heihe in Heilongjiang | |
| Coordinates: 49°33′50″N 128°28′44″E / 49.564°N 128.479°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Heilongjiang |
| Prefecture-level city | Heihe |
| Area | |
• Total | 17,344 km2 (6,697 sq mi) |
| Population (2023) | |
• Total | 82,000 |
| • Density | 4.7/km2 (12/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Toponymy
editXunke County got its name from a portmanteau of two previously-existing counties in the area: Xunhe County (Chinese: 逊河县) and Qike County (Chinese: 奇克县). Xunhe County derived its name from the nearby Xunbiela River, which means "milk river" in Manchu.[1] Qike derived its name from a nearby mountain called Qikele (Chinese: 奇克勒).[1] The pronunciation of Qikele shifted to Qikete (Chinese: 奇克特) over time, and would commonly be shorted to Qike.[1]
History
editThere have been human activities in Xunke County as early as the late Neolithic period.[2]
During the time of the Jin dynasty, the area of present-day Xunke County was inhabited by the Jurchen people.[2]
A number of refugees from the Sixty-Four Villages East of the River fleeing the 1900 Amur anti-Chinese pogroms resettled in present-day Xunke County.[2]
After the 1911 Revolution, in 1913, the Aihui Zhili Ting, which governed the area, was restructured as Aihui County.[2] Qikete, corresponding to present-day Xunke County, was reclassified as the Fourth District of Aihui County.[2] In 1915, Qikete was reclassified from a karun to a county assistant.[2] In 1929, Qikete County Assistant was renamed and reorganized as Qike County.[2]
In 1933, Imperial Japan invaded and occupied the area, and established their own county governments in the area.[2] In 1943, Japan merged the two counties it established in the area, Xunhe County and Qike County, into Xunke County.[2]
In June 1946, the Northeastern People's Liberation Army established county offices.[2] By 1947, the People's Liberation Army established full control of the area.[2]
Administrative divisions
editXunke County is divided into three towns, six townships, and seven other township-level divisions.[2]
The county's three towns are Qike, Xunhe, and Kelin.[2]
The county's six townships are Ganchazi Township, Songshugou Township, Chelu Township, Xin'e Township, Xinxing Township, and Baoshan Township.[2]
Xunke County also administers seven other township-level divisions: Daogan Tree Farm (Chinese: 道干林场), Ganchazi Tree Farm (Chinese: 干岔子林场), Xinli Tree Farm (Chinese: 新立林场), Sanjianfang Tree Farm (Chinese: 三间房林场), Xunke County Seed Farm (Chinese: 逊克县良种场), Xunke County Breeding Farm (Chinese: 逊克县种畜场), and Xunke Farm.[2]
Demographics
edit
Xunke County has a population of about 82,000, per a 2023 government publication.[1] The population of the county was 99,740 in 1999.[3]
Ethnicity
editXunke County is predominantly Han Chinese, who comprise about 90% of the county population.[1] The county has 22 ethnic minorities, including the Oroqen, Russians, and the Daur.[1]
Per a 2023 government population, 1,257 Oroqen people live in Xunke County, accounting for approximately one-seventh of China's total Oroqen population.[1] Within Xunke County, the Oroqen primarily live in Xin'e Township and Xinxing Township.[1]
Approximately 1,200 ethnic Russians live in Xunke County.[1] The county has five Russian ethnic villages.[1] Approximately one-third of the county's ethnic Russians live in Bianjiang Village (Chinese: 边疆村) within the town of Qike.[1]
Climate
edit| Climate data for Xunke (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | −4.2 (24.4) |
2.9 (37.2) |
14.4 (57.9) |
28.6 (83.5) |
34.3 (93.7) |
39.0 (102.2) |
36.6 (97.9) |
33.2 (91.8) |
32.2 (90.0) |
28.0 (82.4) |
12.2 (54.0) |
0.2 (32.4) |
39.0 (102.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −17.1 (1.2) |
−11.1 (12.0) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
10.9 (51.6) |
19.9 (67.8) |
25.2 (77.4) |
27.4 (81.3) |
25.2 (77.4) |
19.5 (67.1) |
9.3 (48.7) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−16.0 (3.2) |
7.3 (45.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −22.7 (−8.9) |
−17.8 (0.0) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
4.8 (40.6) |
13.3 (55.9) |
19.3 (66.7) |
22.0 (71.6) |
19.7 (67.5) |
13.1 (55.6) |
3.5 (38.3) |
−10 (14) |
−20.9 (−5.6) |
1.4 (34.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −27.9 (−18.2) |
−24.1 (−11.4) |
−13.9 (7.0) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
6.6 (43.9) |
13.4 (56.1) |
17.0 (62.6) |
14.9 (58.8) |
7.4 (45.3) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
−14.7 (5.5) |
−25.6 (−14.1) |
−4.1 (24.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −40.6 (−41.1) |
−40.5 (−40.9) |
−30.0 (−22.0) |
−14.4 (6.1) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
2.6 (36.7) |
8.3 (46.9) |
3.5 (38.3) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−17.8 (0.0) |
−35.3 (−31.5) |
−41.4 (−42.5) |
−41.4 (−42.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 6.4 (0.25) |
5.5 (0.22) |
11.0 (0.43) |
21.3 (0.84) |
48.9 (1.93) |
76.6 (3.02) |
136.4 (5.37) |
100.4 (3.95) |
55.4 (2.18) |
30.2 (1.19) |
13.0 (0.51) |
10.7 (0.42) |
515.8 (20.31) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 8.1 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 7.5 | 11.1 | 12.9 | 14.6 | 14.1 | 10.8 | 8.3 | 8.0 | 9.2 | 114.6 |
| Average snowy days | 10.5 | 7.4 | 7.0 | 4.2 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 4.7 | 9.9 | 12.0 | 56.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 72 | 68 | 63 | 54 | 55 | 68 | 77 | 79 | 71 | 63 | 69 | 72 | 68 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 173.5 | 206.8 | 250.2 | 233.8 | 241.9 | 241.4 | 226.3 | 211.8 | 203.7 | 178.7 | 160.5 | 149.5 | 2,478.1 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 64 | 72 | 67 | 56 | 51 | 50 | 47 | 48 | 55 | 54 | 60 | 59 | 57 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[4][5] | |||||||||||||
Notes and references
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l 逊克概况 [Xunke Overview]. xunke.gov.cn (in Chinese). Xunke County People's Government. 2023-08-01. Archived from the original on 2024-01-16. Retrieved 2024-01-16.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o 2022年统计用区划代码（逊克县） [2022 Statistical Division Codes (Xunke County)] (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of China. Archived from the original on 2023-03-21. Retrieved 2024-01-16.
- ^ (in English) National Population Statistics Materials by County and City - 1999 Period, in China County & City Population 1999, Harvard China Historical GIS
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
External links
edit- (in Chinese) Government site
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