Xylocarpus is a genus of plants in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It contains 3 described species, all of which are mangroves.[1][2] The native range of the genus is the coasts of the Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia and the western Pacific Ocean.[3] It is the only mangrove genus in Meliaceae.[citation needed]
| Xylocarpus | |
|---|---|
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| Xylocarpus fruit in the Daintree Rainforest, Australia. | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Meliaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cedreloideae |
| Genus: | Xylocarpus J.Koenig[1] |
| Type species | |
| Xylocarpus granatum | |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
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| Map of distribution of all species | |
Description
editMembers of this genus are semi-evergreen trees that grow on coastlines. They have compound leaves with usually between 2 and 4 pairs of entire leaflets. The inflorescences are produced from the leaf axils, flowers have a 4-lobed calyx, four petals and eight stamens. The fruit are large, almost spherical capsules that contain up to 20 irregularly shaped seeds. The fruit hangs from the branch on its long peduncle before dehiscing and releasing the seeds.[4][5]
Taxonomy
editThe genus was erected by the botanist Johann Gerhard König in order to accommodate his newly-described species X. granatum. The name is derived from the Greek words xylon, meaning wood, and carpon, meaning fruit,[4] and is a reference to the large woody fruit. The size and shape of the fruit also give rise the common name "cannonball mangrove".
Species
edit| Image | Scientific name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|
| |
Xylocarpus granatum J.Koenig | Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique to India, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, northern Australia and Papua New Guinea.[6][7] |
 |
Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lam.) M.Roem. | Sundarbans of India and Bangladesh through Mainland Southeast Asia and Malesia to tropical Australia.[8][9] |
 |
Xylocarpus rumphii (Kostel.) Mabb. | Madagascar, southeast Asia, Queensland, southwestern Pacific.[10][11] |
References
edit- ^ a b "Xylocarpus J.Koenig". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2023.
- ^ Ragavan, P.; Saxena, Alok; Jayaraj, R.S.C.; Ravichandran, K.; Mohan, P.M.; Saxena, Mani (2015). "Taxonomy and distribution of little known species of the genus Xylocarpus (Meliaceae) in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India". Botanica Marina. 58 (5): 415–422. doi:10.1515/bot-2015-0002. S2CID 89069913.
- ^ "Xylocarpus J.Koenig". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2024. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
- ^ a b Mabberley, D.J. (2024). "Xylocarpus". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
- ^ Mabberley, D.J. (1995). "Meliaceae". In Steenis, C. G. G. J. van; Steenis-Kruseman, M. J. van (eds.). Flora Malesiana. Series I, Spermatophyta. Vol. 12. Djarkarta: Noordhoff-Kolff. p. 371. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
- ^ Mabberley, D.J. (2022). "Xylocarpus granatum". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
- ^ "Xylocarpus granatum J.Koenig". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2024. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
- ^ Mabberley, D.J. (2022). "Xylocarpus moluccensis". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
- ^ "Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lam.) M.Roem". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2024. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
- ^ Mabberley, D.J. (2022). "Xylocarpus rumphii". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
- ^ "Xylocarpus rumphii (Kostel.) Mabb". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2024. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
External links
edit- "Xylocarpus J.Koenig". Atlas of Living Australia.