Baron Yashiro Rokurō (八代 六郎, 3 January 1860 – 30 June 1930) was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy and Navy Minister, succeeding the last of the Satsuma-era naval leaders of the early Meiji period.
Yashiro Rokurō | |
|---|---|
八代 六郎 | |
 Admiral Yashiro Rokurō circa 1915 | |
| Minister of the Navy Empire of Japan | |
| In office 16 April 1914 – 8 October 1915 | |
| Monarch | Taishō |
| Prime Minister | Ōkuma Shigenobu |
| Preceded by | Saitō Makoto |
| Succeeded by | Katō Tomosaburō |
| Personal details | |
| Born | January 3, 1860 Inuyama, Owari, Japan |
| Died | June 30, 1930 (aged 70) Oishikawa, Tokyo, Japan |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Empire of Japan |
| Branch/service |  Imperial Japanese Navy |
| Years of service | 1881–1925 |
| Rank |  Admiral |
| Commands | |
| Battles/wars | |
Biography
editMilitary career
editYashiro was born in Gakuden Village, Owari Province (present-day Inuyama, Aichi), as the third son of a village headman, Matsuyama Shoichi. The Matsuyama claimed descent from a retainer of the medieval pro-Imperial hero Kusunoki Masashige, and as a youth Yashiro joined a cadet movement of pro-Sonnō jōi militia of Owari Domain and despite his young age, fought in the Boshin War. He was adopted in 1868 by Yashiro Ippei, a samurai retainer of Mito Domain, whose surname he took. His adopted father saw that he was enrolled in the han school and subsequently
Yashiro graduated from the 8th class of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in 1881, ranked 19th of his class of 35 cadets, and excelled at navigation and surveying. After midshipman service in the ironclad warship Ryūjō, he served as a crewman on the corvette Tsukuba. He was posted to various administrative assignments within the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy. From July 1890 to November 1892, he was sent as a naval attaché to Vladivostok, in Russia.
After his return to Japan, he was assigned to the cruiser Takachiho, and was serving as a division officer aboard that vessel during the Battle of the Yalu on 17 September 1894 in the First Sino-Japanese War. Yashiro briefly served on the cruiser Yoshino during the next year, before being assigned as a naval attaché to Saint Petersburg, Russia, where his principal duty was making an Intelligence assessment of the capabilities of the Imperial Russian Navy.
Promoted to lieutenant commander in 1896 and commander the following year, Yashiro served on the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff between 1899 and 1900. In early 1900, he was appointed the executive officer on the cruiser Yashima, and in June 1900, he received his first command: the cruiser Miyako, followed by the Izumi in October 1901.
Following his graduation from the Naval Staff College, Yashiro was promoted to captain in 1901 and assigned as the Commander of armored cruiser Asama during the Russo-Japanese War. Yashiro earned a reputation as a cool-headed and intelligent battle commander in skirmishes against the Russian cruiser Varyag and the gunboat Korietz in the Battle of Chemulpo Bay on 9 February 1904. Yashiro developed the plan to blockade the entrance to Port Arhur by sinking obsolete ships: however, he was overruled in his desire to lead the attack in person by Admiral Tōgō Heihachirō. The intimately unsuccessful operation was led by Takeo Hirose, and Yashiro was so overcome with remorse that he later personally sponsored the education of any children who had been orphaned in the operation. During the war, he also participated in the Battle of the Yellow Sea and the Battle of Tsushima.
At the war's end, Yashiro was assigned to Berlin, Germany as naval attaché until December 1907, when he was promoted to rear admiral. In December 1908, he was commander of the Yokosuka Reserve Fleet, and became commander of the IJN 1st Fleet from December 1909, Training Fleet from July 1910, and IJN 2nd Fleet from March 1911. In December 1911, he became commandant of the Naval Staff College. During his time at the Naval Staff College, Yashiro was a strong proponent of introducing karate into the Navy's training program. In September 1913, he was transferred to become commandant of the Maizuru Naval District.
Minister of the Navy
editFollowing the Siemens-Vickers scandals, Yashiro replaced Saitō Makoto as Navy Minister in the cabinet of Prime Minister Ōkuma Shigenobu. Yashiro was a surprising choice, as he was far down on the seniority list, but the Maizuru Naval District was completely free from any taint of the Siemens Scandal.[1] World War I began almost immediately after he assumed office. The opportunities for Japan to use the Anglo-Japanese Alliance as an excuse to enter the war and to expel Germany from Asia, seizing its possessions in the Shantung Peninsula and in the islands of the South Pacific were clear, but Yashiro was at best ambivalent, knowing how these actions would create a larger conflict with the United States.[2] Although appointed due to his commendable military and apolitical record, Yashiro's bluntness over issues with the Navy's budget led to his forced resignation in April 1915. In December, he was sent back as commander of the IJN 2nd Fleet. Yashiro was ennobled with the title of danshaku (baron) under the kazoku peerage system in July 1916. From December 1917, he was commander of the Sasebo Naval District.
Raised to the rank of full admiral in July 1918, he became a member of the Supreme War Council in December 1918. Yashiro was placed on the reserve list in August 1920 and lived in retirement from January 1930 until his death six months later in June 1930.
Decorations
edit- 1894 –
Order of the Sacred Treasure, 6th class - 1895 –
Order of the Rising Sun, 4th class [3] - 1895 –
Order of the Golden Kite, 4th class [4] - 1898 -
Order of the Sacred Treasure, 5th class - 1902 -
Order of the Sacred Treasure, 3rd class - 1906 – Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd class [5]
- 1906 –
Order of the Golden Kite, 3rd class [6] - 1910 - Order of the Sacred Treasure, 3rd class
- 1914 –
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure [7] - 1916 –
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun[8] - 1930 –
Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers[9]
Foreign
edit- 1899 –
- Russia - Order of Saint Anna, 2nd class - 1899 –
- France - Legion of Honour, Chevalier - 1906 –
- Prussia - Order of the Red Eagle, 1st class[10] - 1918 –
- UK - Order of St Michael and St George, GCMG
References
edit- ^ Schencking, J Charles (2005). Making Waves: Politics, Propaganda, and the Emergence of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1868-1922. Stanford University Press. pp. 196–197. ISBN 0804749779.
- ^ Mauch, Peter (2011). Sailor Diplomat: Nomura Kichisaburō and the Japanese-American War. Harvard University Asia Center. p. 42. ISBN 978-0674055995.
- ^ 『官報』第3727号「叙任及辞令」November 29, 1895
- ^ 『官報』第3727号「叙任及辞令」November 29, 1895
- ^ 『官報』第7005号「叙任及辞令」November 2, 1906
- ^ 『官報』第7005号「叙任及辞令」November 2, 1906
- ^ 『官報』第720号「叙任及辞令」December 24, 1914
- ^ 『官報』第1187号「叙任及辞令」July 15, 1916
- ^ 『官報』第1051号「叙任及辞令」July 12, 1930
- ^ 『官報』第144号「叙任及辞令」January 24, 1913
- Dupuy, Trevor N. (1992). Encyclopedia of Military Biography. I B Tauris & Co Ltd. ISBN 1-85043-569-3.
- Fukagawa, Hideki (1981). (陸海軍将官人事総覧 (陸軍篇)) Army and Navy General Personnel Directory (Army). Tokyo: Fuyo Shobo. ISBN 4829500026.
- Hata, Ikuhiko (2005). (日本陸海軍総合事典) Japanese Army and Navy General Encyclopedia. Tokyo: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 4130301357.
External links
edit
Media related to Yashiro Rokuro at Wikimedia Commons