The Yawm al-Buʿāth (Arabic: معرکة بُعاث) was a 7th-century battle in Medina that was fought between the two dominant tribes living there, the Aws and the Khazraj. The battle marked the final armed conflict between both tribes before their conversion to Islam after the arrival of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
| Yawm al-Buʿāth | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Khazraj | ||||||
Time period
editThe events of this battle are dated to around the 610–620s within the 7th century CE.[1] This would also be consistent with the narrative that the battle occurred during the arrival of prophethood of Muhammad, and ended not too long before Muhammad arrived to Medina during the Hijrah.[2]
Background
editThe Aws and Khazraj tribes were known for their many armed rivalries throughout history.[3] As the Aws were preparing for yet another war, they pleaded with the Jewish tribes of Qurayza and Nadir to assist them; the Jews were reluctant at first because the Khazraj had threatened to take their children hostage if they assisted the Aws.[4][5] However, a tribal chief of Khazraj by the name of 'Amr ibn Nu'man al-Bayadi soon kidnapped hostages from the Jewish tribes and subsequently killed them when the Jews did not agree to give away a portion of their properties to the Khazraj.[4][5] Angered, the Jewish tribes would bitterly support the Aws in this war.[4][5]
Course of conflict
editPreparations
editThe Aws put all of their efforts into gathering external support from other Arabian tribes, which was successful with the Ghassanids.[4][5] The Khazraj were unable to gain external support, so the whole group of Khazraj tribes, their branches included, were required to fight in the battle.[4][5]
Day of Bu'ath
editThis day, known as the Day of Bu'ath, was when the actual battle itself occurred.[4][5] Both armies met at a place known as Bu'ath, where they began the fighting. The Aws were losing at first; but then their chief, Hudayr al-Kata'ib ibn Simak al-Ashhali, shouted out to the Aws and reminded them of the evils and injustice done by the Khazraj towards their tribe.[4][5] The Aws, motivated by this, persisted in their fight and then managed to kill a large number of Khazraji tribal warriors including 'Amr ibn Nu'man al-Bayadi. The Khazraj were ultimately defeated by the sudden reversal of power and then sounded the retreat.[4][5]
Aftermath
editPeace talks
editTired of fighting, the Aws and Khazraj elected 'Abd Allah ibn Ubayy as a ruler over Medina that ensured peace between both tribes.[3][6] However, the arrival of the Islamic prophet Muhammad would lead to 'Abd Allah losing prominence in Medina.[3][6]
Arrival of Muhammad
editMuhammad arrived in Medina in 622[a] accompanied by his followers, the early Muslims, which included Abu Bakr, Umar ibn al-Khattab, and Bilal.[3][6] Both the tribes of Aws and Khazraj would engage in conversations with Muhammad; resulting in their conversion to Islam.[3][6] They were then united as the Muslim Ansar unit, which fought alongside the Muhajirun unit against the Quraysh polytheist warriors in the Battle of Badr in 624.[7]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ The day of Hijrah is dated to 622 CE by modern academics.
References
edit- ^ "Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Online (EI-2 English)". referenceworks. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
- ^ "Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith 3846".
- ^ a b c d e Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman (2008). The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet. Dar-us-Salam Publications. ISBN 978-9960899558
- ^ a b c d e f g h Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani (2010). Kitab al-Aghani. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Sadr. ISBN 978-9953130453.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Barru, Taufique (2001). Tarikh al-'Arab al-Qadim (2nd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Al Fikr.
- ^ a b c d Ibn Sa'd (1998). Kitab Tabaqat al-Kubra [The Book of Major Classes]. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Sader.
- ^ Ibn Hisham (2008). The Prophetic Biography: Sirah of Ibn Hisham. Dar Al Kutub Al Ilmiyah. ISBN 9782745178114