Rabbi Yechiel Michel of Zloczow (Hebrew: יחיאל מיכל מזלוטשוב) (1725/1726 – 15 September 1781), known as The Maggid of Zloczow, was one of the disciples of the Baal Shem Tov and the Maggid of Mezeritch.[1]
Rabbi Yechiel Michel of Zloczow | |
|---|---|
| Personal | |
| Born | 1725/1726 |
| Died | 15 September 1781 |
| Religion | Judaism |
| Parent |
|
| Synagogue | In Zloczow |
| Yahrtzeit | 25 Elul |
| Buried | Ohel of the Righteous, Yampil, Poland-Lithuania |
| Dynasty | Zlotshov |
Biography
editYechiel was born in Brody (modern-day Ukraine) in 1726.[2] His father, Rabbi Yitzhak of Drohobych, initially opposed the teachings of the Baal Shem Tov, but later became a fan of his and sent Yechiel to study with him. On his father's side, he was attributed to a large family of rabbis and tzaddikim.[3] His grandfather was rabbi Yosef Safravidliwer, rabbi of Pistyn. His great-grandfather was Rabbi Moshe of Swierz. He was the brother of Rabbi Yosef Drobitzer, Avdak of Azebuz. He married Sarah Rakhil.
After the death of the Besht, he began to lead a congregation in Israel, and also visited the Maggid many times. He excelled in leadership with holiness and celibacy, especially in keeping the covenant. He was gifted with incredible preaching talent, and his reputation grew as a storyteller.[4] He became the Maggid Misharim in the communities of Brody, Kalk, Zloczow, and Yampol.[5] He used to pray late into the night and claimed that like the tribe of Dan that marched to the end of Israel and collected their losses, he collected all his prayers that were unintentional and brang them to their source.[6] He was a spiritual rabbi who spent much time on Kabbalah.[7]
In the final years of his life, Yechiel gained wealth and said that it expanded his mind to serve God. He served as Maggid in Zloczow until his death on the 25th of Elul, and was buried in Yampil.[8]
Yechiel did not write any books of his own, but his progeny and pupils often quoted sayings of his in their own works.[9] Years later, Rabbi Nathan Neta Donner published a collection of his sayings called "Many Waters" (מים רבים).[10] Among his disciples were:
- Rabbi Issachar Ber of Zloczow
- Rabbi Hayyim Tyrer[9]
- Rabbi Avraham Mordechai of Pinczow
- Rabbi Meshullam Feivush Heller
- Rabbi David Solomon Eibenschutz
- Rabbi Mordechai Menschiz
Composing
editRabbi Yechiel composed a number of melodies during his time as Rabbi. His most famous melody was "Awakening Many Mercies" (התעוררות רחמים רבים). Hasidic tradition states that at the time of his death, the Baal Shem Tov asked his disciples to sing the melody, and at the end promised that every person who joined in song would feel a feelling of repentance at any time, and that he would join in singing in his soul and arouse a great mercy on him before God.
Motifs from the melody were inicluded in Ernest Bloch's second movement of Mélodie. In 2013, a CD titled "Many Mercies" (רחמים רבים) was released, with ten melodies on the track being attributed in tradition to Yechiel.
Family
editYechiel and his wife Sarah Rakhil had one daughter and five sons, of whom the community used to say: "Five cedars, good plantings which he planted and blossomed all over the world, which are said to be paired to the five books of the Torah."[11]
- Rabbi Yosef of Yampol, progenitor of the Yampol dynasty
- Rabbi Yitzhak of Radvil, progenitor of the Radville dynasty
- Rabbi Zev Wolf of Zbaraz, rabbi in the town of Zbarazh
- Rabbi Moshe of Zvhil, founder of the Zvhil dynasty
- Rabbi Mordechai of Kremnitz, rabbi in the town of Kremenets
- Rebbetzin Miriam, who married David of Stepin in a second marriage
His father was Rabbi Yitzhak of Drohobych, a disciple of the Besht. Yitzhak's father was Rabbi Yosef of Pistyn, nicknamed "Rabbi Yosef Ish Emet". Yitzhak's mother was a Yanta, nicknamed "Yanta the Prophet". Yosef's father was Rabbi Moshe of Swierz.
According to family tradition, Yechiel was the scion of a privileged Galicianer family which lived and worked in the town of Brody and its shtetls. The beginning of the dynasty is attributed to Rabbi Yitzchak Hayut (1538 – 1610), whose families supposedly descends from Rashi and King David. The veracity of these claims are not currently verified.[12]
References
edit- ^ "יחיאל מיכל בן יצחק (1726-1786), המגיד, מזלוצ'וב | הספרייה הלאומית". www.nli.org.il (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2023-08-13.
- ^ According to other tradition, he was born in 1730. See: Alfasi, Yitzhak (1977). Hasidim (in Hebrew) (2nd ed.). Sefrit Ma'ariv Publishing. p. 243.
- ^ "אנציקלופדיה יהודית דעת - יחיאל מיכל מזלוטשוב ;". www.daat.ac.il (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2023-08-13.
- ^ זלמן (2019-09-25). "זכרון להולכים: רבי יחיאל מיכל מזלוטשוב ע"ה". חב"ד אינפו (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2023-08-13.
- ^ JewUA (2023-03-21). "Yampol". Ukraine Jewish Heritage: History of Jewish communities in Ukraine. Retrieved 2023-05-22.
- ^ "רבי יחיאל מיכל מזלוטשוב - רק לא רבי". גַּל עֵינַי - השער לפנימיות התורה (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2023-08-13.
- ^ "ר' יחיאל מיכל מזלוטשוב". zusha.org.il. Retrieved 2023-08-13.
- ^ "רבי יחיאל מיכל מזלאטשוב – יאמפול | איחוד הצלה אוקראינה". הצלה אוקראינה (in Hebrew). 2017-05-21. Retrieved 2023-08-13.
- ^ a b "10 Beyond the Maggid's Circle". Hasidism: Writings on Devotion, Community, and Life in the Modern World. Brandeis University Press. 2020. doi:10.2307/j.ctv1595mrh. ISBN 978-1-68458-016-3. JSTOR j.ctv1595mrh.
- ^ "מים רבים -- יחיאל מיכל בן יצחק, המגיד, מזלוצ'וב, 1726-1786". hebrewbooks.org. Retrieved 2023-08-13.
- ^ Salanim, Yisrael Ze'ev (2005). מאמר מרדכי: עמוד קה (in Hebrew). Jerusalem. p. 15.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Altshuler, Dr. Mor (2017-07-31). "ד"ר מור אלטשולר - פרק שני". jewish-studies.info. Archived from the original on 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2023-08-13.