The yellow-billed kingfisher (Syma torotoro) is a medium-sized tree kingfisher.
| Yellow-billed kingfisher | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Coraciiformes |
| Family: | Alcedinidae |
| Subfamily: | Halcyoninae |
| Genus: | Syma |
| Species: | S. torotoro
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| Binomial name | |
| Syma torotoro Lesson, 1827
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| Synonyms | |
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Halcyon torotoro | |
Taxonomy
editThree subspecies are recognised:[2][3]
- Syma torotoro torotoro (Lesson, 1827) found in West Papuan islands, lowland New Guinea, Yapen Island and Aru[3]
- S. t. flavirostris (Gould, 1850) found in Cape York Peninsula in northeastern Australia
- S. t. ochracea (Rothschild and Hartert, 1901) found in the D'Entrecasteaux Islands of eastern Papua New Guinea
Description
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The yellow-billed kingfisher is 20 cm (7.9 in) long, with a wingspan of 29 cm (11 in), and it weighs 30–50 g (1.1–1.8 oz).[3] Its orange colouring and yellow bill are distinctive; it has an orange head and neck with a black nape patch and white throat. Adult females also have a black crown patch.[4] The upper mantle is blackish grading to olive green on the back, blue-green on rump and with a blue tail.[4] The upperwing is dull green-blue with dark olive-black flight feathers. The underparts are pale orange-grey. The bill is orange-yellow in adults, dark grey in juveniles.
Distribution and habitat
editThe yellow-billed kingfisher is widespread throughout lowland New Guinea and the adjacent islands, extending to northern Cape York Peninsula in Australia. It may be found in rainforest, monsoon forest and along forest edges.
Behaviour
editFeeding
editThe yellow-billed kingfisher is known to prey on large insects, earthworms, and small snakes and lizards.[3] It perches in the low canopy, swaying from side to side, before swooping down to the ground to take its prey.[3]
Breeding
editThe nest of the yellow-billed kingfisher is usually an excavated chamber in an arboreal termite nest.[3] The female lays a clutch of 3 or 4 glossy white, rounded eggs, measuring 26 mm × 23 mm (1.0 in × 0.9 in).[4]
Voice
editCalls include loud, repeated whistling trills like a postman's whistle, mainly during the breeding season.
Conservation status
editWith a large range and no evidence of significant decline, the conservation status of this species is assessed as being of Least Concern.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b BirdLife International (2016). "Syma torotoro". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22683566A92989728. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22683566A92989728.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ Gill, F.; D. Donsker, eds. (2020). "IOC World Bird List (v 10.1)". doi:10.14344/IOC.ML.10.1. Retrieved 2020-07-08.
- ^ a b c d e f Woodall, P. F. and G. M. Kirwan (2020). "Yellow-billed Kingfisher (Syma torotoro), version 1.0." In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.yebkin1.01
- ^ a b c Morcombe, Michael (2012) Field Guide to Australian Birds. Pascal Press, Glebe, NSW. Revised edition. ISBN 978174021417-9
- BirdLife International. (2006). Species factsheet: Syma torotoro. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 14 March 2007.
- Coates, Brian J. (1985). The Birds of Papua New Guinea. Volume 1: Non-Passerines. Dove Publications: Alderley, Queensland. ISBN 0-9590257-0-7
- Higgins, P.J. (ed). (1999). Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 4: Parrots to Dollarbird. Oxford University Press: Melbourne. ISBN 0-19-553071-3
External links
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- Photos, audio and video of yellow-billed kingfisher from Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Macaulay Library
- Recordings of yellow-billed kingfisher from Xeno-canto sound archive