The Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field, also known as the Yellowstone Supervolcano or the Yellowstone Volcano, is a complex volcano, volcanic plateau and volcanic field located mostly in the western U.S. state of Wyoming, but it also stretches into Idaho and Montana.[4][5] It is a popular site for tourists.[6]
| Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field | |
|---|---|
 Mount Sheridan, the highest peak in the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field, from Heart Lake | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 11,372[1] ft (3,466 m) |
| Coordinates | 44°28′16″N 110°30′07″W / 44.471031°N 110.501862°W |
| Geography | |
 | |
| Location | |
| Parent range | Rocky Mountains |
| Topo map | USGS Yellowstone National Park |
| Geology | |
| Rock age | ~2,080,000–70,000 years[3] |
| Mountain type(s) | Complex volcano, volcanic plateau and volcanic field[2] |
| Last eruption | approximately 631,000 years ago (caldera-forming); 70,000 years ago (in the caldera) |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | Hike/auto/bus |
The Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field began forming around 2 Ma (million years ago).[7] It has had over 110 different eruptions and has created mostly rhyolitic plains, with over 6000 km3 of rhyolitic material formed.[7] Scientists have discovered three major eruptions that formed calderas. They used methods of geological mapping, with both satellites and field work, and potassium-argon dating, to discover the eruptions.[5] The three major eruptions are:
- The first large eruption was about 2.08 Ma and created the Huckleberry Ridge Caldera.[4] This eruption produced more than 2,500 km2 of magma[7] through at least three volcanic vents that produced large ash sheets across the area.[4] This caldera had three main pulses of activity during its formation.[8]
- The second large eruption was about 1.3 Ma and created the Henrys Fork Caldera.[4] This eruption produced more than 280 km2 of magma [7] and was nested within a portion of a larger caldera, the Huckleberry Ridge Caldera.[4]
- The third large eruption was about 0.6 Ma and created the Yellowstone Caldera.[4] This eruption produced 1,000 km2 of magma [7] through at least two volcanic vents.[4] The Yellowstone Caldera is above a continental hot spot, the Yellowstone mantle plume.[8] After the caldera was formed, there were rhyolitic lava flows between 160,000 and 70,000 years ago.[8]
The Yellowstone Caldera is a resurgent caldera and has experienced resurgent doming.[8] The Yellowstone Caldera has two resurgent domes formed by magma upwelling called Sour Creek and Mallard Lakes.[8] The magma chambers under the Yellowstone Caldera provides heat and energy for large hydrothermal systems.[8][9] The Yellowstone Caldera has the greatest concentration of hydrothermal features in the world, and is an active system.[9] The magma, geothermal activity, and hydrothermal system can lead to caldera motion, ash clouds, and earthquakes, so the Yellowstone Caldera is labeled as a geohazard.[8] A large amount of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field is in the Yellowstone National Park.[5][4][8][9]
References
edit- ^ Bove, Dana. "The evolution of the Eagle Peak volcano — a distinctive phase of middle miocene volcanism in the western Mogollon-Datil volcanic field, New Mexico". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research.
- ^ "Yellowstone". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved December 31, 2008.
- ^ USGS. "The evolution of the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field: Past, present, and future!". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "The evolution of the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field: Past, present, and future! | U.S. Geological Survey". www.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2024-10-04.
- ^ a b c "How do we know about the calderas in Yellowstone? | U.S. Geological Survey". www.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2024-10-02.
- ^ Park, Mailing Address: PO Box 168 Yellowstone National; Us, WY 82190-0168 Phone: 307-344-7381 Contact. "Visitation Statistics - Yellowstone National Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-10-23.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d e HILDRETH, W.; HALLIDAY, A. N.; CHRISTIANSEN, R. L. (1991-02-01). "Isotopic and Chemical Evidence Concerning the Genesis and Contamination of Basaltic and Rhyolitic Magma Beneath the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field". Journal of Petrology. 32 (1): 63–138. doi:10.1093/petrology/32.1.63. ISSN 0022-3530.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Resurgent Calderas (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-10-23.
- ^ a b c "Yellowstone's Active Hydrothermal System | U.S. Geological Survey". www.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2024-10-23.
44°28′16″N 110°30′07″W / 44.471031°N 110.501862°W
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