Yongli (5 February 1647 – 1 June 1662) was the era name of the Yongli Emperor of the Southern Ming. It was used for a total of 15 years.

Yongli
Traditional Chinese永曆
Simplified Chinese永历
Literal meaning"perpetual calendar"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinYǒnglì
Wade–GilesYung-li
Southern Min
Hokkien POJÉng-le̍k
Yongli Tongbao (永曆通寶) one fen copper coin

The Southern Ming was in use for fifteen years in mainland China, together with the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan, which continued to use the "Yongli" era name until 8 October 1683 (Yongli 37, 18th day of the 8th month), when Zheng Keshuang surrendered to the Qing.[1]

On 22 January 1662 (Yongli 15, 3rd day of the 12th month), the Burmese sent the Yongli Emperor to Wu Sangui's camp.[2] On 1 June 1662 (Yongli 15, 15th day of the 4th month), the Yongli Emperor was hanged by Wu Sangui in Kunming, the Southern Ming officially perished, together with the 295-year history of the Ming dynasty, and officially ending nearly three hundred years of Ming rule.

Comparison table

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Yongli 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AD 1647 1648 1649 1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 1656
Gānzhī
干支
Dīnghài
丁亥
Wùzǐ
戊子
Jǐchǒu
己丑
Gēngyín
庚寅
Xīnmǎo
辛卯
Rénchén
壬辰
Guǐsì
癸巳
Jiǎwǔ
甲午
Yǐwèi
乙未
Bǐngshēn
丙申
Yongli 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
AD 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666
Gānzhī
干支
Dīngyǒu
丁酉
Wùxū
戊戌
Jǐhài
己亥
Gēngzǐ
庚子
Xīnchǒu
辛丑
Rényín
壬寅
Guǐmǎo
癸卯
Jiǎchén
甲辰
Yǐsì
乙巳
Bǐngwǔ
丙午
Yongli 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
AD 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676
Gānzhī
干支
Dīngwèi
丁未
Wùshēn
戊申
Jǐyǒu
己酉
Gēngxū
庚戌
Xīnhài
辛亥
Rénzǐ
壬子
Guǐchǒu
癸丑
Jiǎyín
甲寅
Yǐmǎo
乙卯
Bǐngchén
丙辰
Yongli 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
AD 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683
Gānzhī
干支
Dīngsì
丁巳
Wùwǔ
戊午
Jǐwèi
己未
Gēngshēn
庚申
Xīnyǒu
辛酉
Rénxū
壬戌
Guǐhài
癸亥

Other regime eras that existed during the same period

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  • China
    • Dingwu (定武, 1646–1664): Southern Ming — era name of Zhu Benli (Zhu Danji), Prince of Han (doubtful)
    • Dongwu (東武, 1648): Southern Ming — era name of Zhu Changqing, Prince of Huai
    • Shunzhi (順治, 1644–1661): Qing dynasty — era name of the Shunzhi Emperor
    • Kangxi (康熙, 1662–1722): Qing dynasty — era name of the Kangxi Emperor
    • Zhongxing (中興, 1647): Qing period — era name of the Jiang Erxun (蔣爾恂)
    • Tianzheng (天正, 1648): Qing period — era name of Zhang Jintang (張近堂)
    • Tianshun (天順, 1661): Qing period — era name of Xiao Weitang (蕭惟堂)
    • Daqing (大慶, 1665): Qing period — era name of Wang Yaozu (王耀祖)
    • Guangde (廣德, 1673): Qing period — era name of Yang Qilong (楊起隆)
    • Zhaowu (昭武, 1678): Wu Zhou — era name of Wu Sangui
    • Honghua (洪化, 1679–1681): Wu Zhou — era name of Wu Shifan
  • Vietnam
    • Thuận Đức (順德, 1638–1677): Mạc dynasty — era name of Mạc Kính Vũ
    • Phúc Thái (福泰, 1643–1649): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Chân Tông
    • Khánh Đức (慶德, 1649–1653): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
    • Thịnh Đức (盛德, 1653–1658): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
    • Vĩnh Thọ (永壽, 1658–1662): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
    • Vạn Khánh (萬慶, 1662): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
    • Cảnh Trị (景治, 1663–1671): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Huyền Tông
    • Dương Đức (陽德, 1672–1674): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Gia Tông
    • Đức Nguyên (德元, 1674–1675): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Gia Tông
    • Vĩnh Trị (永治, 1676–1680): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Hy Tông
    • Chính Hòa (正和, 1680–1705): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Hy Tông
  • Japan
    • Shōhō (正保, 1644–1648): era name of Emperor Go-Kōmyō
    • Keian (慶安, 1648–1652): era name of Emperor Go-Kōmyō
    • Jōō (承応, 1652–1655): era name of Emperor Go-Kōmyō and Emperor Go-Sai
    • Meireki (明暦, 1655–1658): era name of Emperor Go-Sai
    • Manji (万治, 1658–1661): era name of Emperor Go-Sai
    • Kanbun (寛文, 1661–1673): era name of Emperor Go-Sai and Emperor Reigen
    • Enpō (延宝, 1673–1681): era name of Emperor Reigen
    • Tenna (天和, 1681–1684): era name of Emperor Reigen

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Qian Haiyue (錢海岳). History of Southern Ming (南明史), Biographies, Volume 51 (Zheng Sen chuan; 鄭森傳), p. 3585
  2. ^ Qian Haiyue (錢海岳). History of Southern Ming (南明史), Annals, Volume 4, Zhaozong 2, p. 250-252

Extended reading

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  • Li Chongzhi (李崇智) (December 2004). Zhongguo lidai nianhao kao (中國歷代年號考). Beijing (北京): Zhonghua Book Company (中華書局). ISBN 7101025129.
  • Deng Hongbo (鄧洪波) (March 2005). Chronology of East Asian history (東亞歷史年表). Taipei (臺北): National Taiwan University, Program for East Asian Classics and Cultures (國立臺灣大學東亞經典與文化研究計劃). ISBN 9789860005189. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2021-11-26.
Preceded by Southern Ming Era or nianhao
1647–1661
Succeeded by
None
Preceded by
None
Era of Taiwan
1661–1683
Succeeded by