List of ZF transmissions

(Redirected from ZF S5-18 transmission)

This list of ZF transmissions details those automotive transmissions created by the German ZF Friedrichshafen AG engineering company.

There are two fundamental types of motor vehicle transmission:

  • Manual – the driver has to perform each gear change (i.e., the driver is required to shift gears) and also has a manually operated clutch to shift between gears.
  • Automatic – once placed in drive (or any other 'automatic' selector position), it selects the gear ratio dependent on engine speed and load automatically.

For longitudinal engines the gearboxes usually be manufactured solely as a gearbox, and use an entirely separate final drive unit (including its differential). Transaxle configuration includes both the gearbox and final drive unit within one housing and is built only in individual cases.

Cars and light vehicles

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These may be used in motor cars (automobiles), or light commercial vehicles such as car-derived vans.

Manual transmissions

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4-speed longitudinal

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5-speed longitudinal

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6-speed longitudinal

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  • S6-37 – 1998–2015 (BMW 3 Series (E46), 4 Series, 5 Series, 6 Series)
  • S6-40 – 1989–1996 (Aston Martin Vantage V550, Lotus Carlton/Omega, Chevrolet Corvette, VN Holden Commodore SS Group A)
  • S6-45 – (Jaguar F-Type V6, BMW 135i/235i/335i)
  • S6-53 – 1999–Present – (Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio, Jaguar S-Type Diesel, Land Rover Discovery 3/4, BMW 5 series E60 530d)
  • S6-650 – 1999–2010 (Ford F-Series Super Duty pickup Trucks, GM 2500HD & 3500 pickup trucks)

7-speed longitudinal

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  • S7-45 – 2011–Present (Porsche 911 applications)

Automatic Transmissions

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3- to 9-Speed
Model
Gener-
ation[a]
Version Pro-
duction
Period
Engine
Orien-
tation
Gear Ratios[b] Layout Cou-
pling
Control
1st
Top
Count[c]
Span[d]
Step[e]
Center[f]
Power
Flow[g]
Gear-
sets[h]
Brakes Clutch-
es
3HP 12 20 kg⋅m (145 lb⋅ft) 1965 –
1977
Longitudinal 2.5600
1.0000
3
2.5600
1.6000
1.6000
S 2 2 2 Torque
Converter
Hydraulic
3HP 12 1965 –
1977
Longitudinal 2.2857
1.0000
3
2.2857
1.5119
1.5119
S 2 2 2 Torque
Converter
Hydraulic
3HP 20 1967 – Longitudinal TBD
1.0000
3
TBD
S 2 2 2 Torque
Converter
Hydraulic
3HP 22 1973 –
1990
Longitudinal 2.7331
1.0000
3
2.7331
1.6532
1.6532
S 2 3 2 Torque
Converter
Hydraulic
3HP 22 30 kg⋅m (217 lb⋅ft) 1973 –
1990
Longitudinal 2.4795
1.0000
3
2.4795
1.5746
1.5746
S 2 3 2 Torque
Converter
Hydraulic
4HP 22 380 N⋅m (280 lb⋅ft) 1980 –
2003
Longitudinal 2.7331
0.7281
4
3.7539
1.5541
1.4106
S 3 4 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Hydraulic
4HP 22 380 N⋅m (280 lb⋅ft) 1980 –
2003
Longitudinal 2.4795
0.7281
4
3.4055
1.5045
1.3436
S 3 4 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Hydraulic
4HP 18 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) 1984 –
1998
Longitudinal 2.5789
0.7424
4
3.4737
1.5145
1.3837
S 3 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Hydraulic
4HP 14 1987 –
2001
Transverse 2.4118
0.7387
4
3.2647
1.4835
1.3348
S 3 2 3 Torque
Converter
Hydraulic
4HP 24 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) 1987 –
2004
Longitudinal 2.7331
0.7281
4
3.7539
1.5541
1.4106
S 3 4 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Hydraulic
4HP 24 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) 1987 –
2004
Longitudinal 2.4795
0.7281
4
3.4055
1.5045
1.3436
S 3 4 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Hydraulic
4HP 20 1995 – Transverse 4
TBD
S 3 2 3 Torque
Converter
Hydraulic
4HP 16 2004 –
2008
Transverse 4
TBD
S 3 2 3 Torque
Converter
Hydraulic
5HP 18 310 N⋅m (229 lb⋅ft) 1990 –
1997
Longitudinal 3.6648
0.7424
5
4.9363
1.4906
1.6495
S 3 3 4 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
5HP 19 325 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) 1997 –
2002
Longitudinal 3.6648
0.7424
5
4.9363
1.4906
1.6495
S 3 3 4 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
5HP 30 560 N⋅m (413 lb⋅ft) 1992 –
2000
Longitudinal 3.5526
0.7865
5
4.5169
1.4578
1.6716
S 3 3 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
5HP 24 440 N⋅m (325 lb⋅ft) 1996 –
2002
Longitudinal 3.5714
0.8037
5
4.4435
1.4519
1.6943
S 3 3 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
6HP 26
1st[i]
600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft) 2000 –
2007
Longitudinal 4.1708
0.6911
6
6.0354
1.4327
1.6977
P & S 3 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
6HP 19
1st[i]
350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) 2000 –
2007
Longitudinal 4.1708
0.6911
6
6.0354
1.4327
1.6977
P & S 3 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
6HP 32
1st[i]
750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) 2000 –
2007
Longitudinal 4.1708
0.6911
6
6.0354
1.4327
1.6977
P & S 3 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
6HP 28
2nd[i][5]
600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft) 2007 –
2014
Longitudinal 4.1708
0.6911
6
6.0354
1.4327
1.6977
P & S 3 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
6HP 21
2nd[i]
350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) 2007 –
2014
Longitudinal 4.1708
0.6911
6
6.0354
1.4327
1.6977
P & S 3 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
6HP 34
2nd[i]
750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) [j] Longitudinal 4.1708
0.6911
6
6.0354
1.4327
1.6977
P & S 3 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
CFT 23 230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft) 2005 –
2007
Transverse CVT S 1 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
CFT 30
[k]
310 N⋅m (229 lb⋅ft) 2005 –
2007
Transverse CVT S 1 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
7DT-45
[l]
450 N⋅m (332 lb⋅ft) 2009 – Longitudinal 7
TBD
S 8[m] 0 8 Dual-
Clutch
Electronic
7DT-70
[n]
700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) 2010 – Longitudinal 7
TBD
S 8[m] 0 8 Dual-
Clutch
Electronic
7DT-75
[o]
750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) 2010 – Longitudinal 7
TBD
S 8[m] 0 8 Dual-
Clutch
Electronic
8DT
[p]
750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) 2016 – Longitudinal 8
TBD
S 8[m] 0 8 Dual-
Clutch
Electronic
8HP 70
[20][21]
700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) 2008 –
2011
Longitudinal 4.6957
0.6667
8
7.0435
1.3216
1.7693
P & S 4 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
8HP 30
1st
300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) 2010 –
2015
Longitudinal 4.7143
0.6667
8
7.0714
1.3224
1.7728
P & S 4 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
8HP 45
1st
450 N⋅m (332 lb⋅ft) 2010 –
2015
Longitudinal 4.7143
0.6667
8
7.0714
1.3224
1.7728
P & S 4 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
8HP 55
1st
650 N⋅m (479 lb⋅ft) 2010 – Longitudinal 4.7143
0.6667
8
7.0714
1.3224
1.7728
P & S 4 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
8HP 65
1st
650 N⋅m (479 lb⋅ft) 2010 – Longitudinal 4.7143
0.6667
8
7.0714
1.3224
1.7728
P & S 4 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
8HP 70
1st
700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) 2010 –
2015
Longitudinal 4.7143
0.6667
8
7.0714
1.3224
1.7728
P & S 4 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
8HP 90
1st
900 N⋅m (664 lb⋅ft)
[q]
2010 –
2015
Longitudinal 4.7143
0.6667
8
7.0714
1.3224
1.7728
P & S 4 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
8HP 30
2nd
300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) 2014 –
2019
Longitudinal 5.0000
0.6400
8
7.8125
1.3413
1.7889
P & S 4 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
8HP 50
2nd
500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft) 2014 –
2019
Longitudinal 5.0000
0.6400
8
7.8125
1.3413
1.7889
P & S 4 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
8HP 75
2nd
740 N⋅m (546 lb⋅ft) 2014 –
2019
Longitudinal 5.0000
0.6400
8
7.8125
1.3413
1.7889
P & S 4 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
8HP 95
2nd
900 N⋅m (664 lb⋅ft)
[q]
2014 –
Present
Longitudinal 5.0000
0.6400
8
7.8125
1.3413
1.7889
P & S 4 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
8HP 76/I
3rd
900 N⋅m (664 lb⋅ft)
[q]
2014 –
Present
Longitudinal 5.0000
0.6400
8
7.8125
1.3413
1.7889
P & S 4 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
8HP 30
3rd
300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) 2018 –
Present
Longitudinal 5.2500
0.6400
8
8.2031
1.3507
1.8330
P & S 4 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
8HP 51
3rd
500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft) 2018 –
Present
Longitudinal 5.2500
0.6400
8
8.2031
1.3507
1.8330
P & S 4 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
8HP 76/II
3rd
750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) 2018 –
Present
Longitudinal 5.5000
0.6400
8
8.5938
1.3597
1.8762
P & S 4 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
8HP 80
3rd[r]
800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft) 2018 –
Present
Longitudinal 5.5000
0.6400
8
8.5938
1.3597
1.8762
P & S 4 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
8P 45R
[s]
450 N⋅m (332 lb⋅ft) 2016 –
Present
Longitudinal 8
4.2000
1.2275
TBD
P & S 4 2 3 integrated Electronic
9HP 28
[24][25]
[26]
280 N⋅m (207 lb⋅ft) 2013 –
Present
Transverse 4.7001
0.4792
9
9.8085
1.3303
1.5007
P & S 4 3 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
9HP 48
[24][25]
[26]
480 N⋅m (354 lb⋅ft) 2013 –
Present
Transverse 4.7001
0.4792
9
9.8085
1.3303
1.5007
P & S 4 3 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
  1. ^ for the applications refer to the individual pages
  2. ^ Differences in gear ratios have a measurable, direct impact on vehicle dynamics, performance, waste emissions as well as fuel mileage
  3. ^ plus 1 reverse gear (unless otherwise specified)
  4. ^ Total Ratio Span (Total Ratio Spread · Total Gear Ratio)
    •  
    • A wider span enables the
      • downspeeding when driving outside the city limits
      • increase the climbing ability
        • when driving over mountain passes or off-road
        • or when towing a trailer
  5. ^ Average Gear Step
    •  
    • With decreasing step width
      • the gears connect better to each other
      • shifting comfort increases
  6. ^ Ratio Span's Center
    •  
    • The center indicates the speed level of the transmission
    • Together with the final drive ratio
    • it gives the shaft speed level of the vehicle
  7. ^ P: parallel (using the two degrees of freedom of planetary gearsets to increase the number of gears) · S: serial
  8. ^ Epicyclic gearing (unless otherwise specified)
  9. ^ a b c d e f Lepelletier gear mechanism
  10. ^ planned, but never went into production[6]
  11. ^ Ford Motor Company
    2005 – 2007 Ford Five Hundred
    2005 – 2007 Mercury Montego
    2005 – 2007 Ford Freestyle
  12. ^ Porsche PDK (Porsche Doppelkupplungsgetriebe: Porsche dual-clutch gearbox)[7][8][9]
    2009 Porsche 911 Carrera[9][10][11]
    2009 Porsche 997 Carrera and Carrera S[12][13][14]
    2009 Porsche Cayman[8]
    2009 Porsche Boxster[8]
  13. ^ a b c d helical gear
  14. ^ 2010 Porsche 911 Turbo[8][15]
  15. ^ Porsche Panamera[8][16]
  16. ^ Porsche PDK[17]
    2016 Porsche Panamera[18]
    2018 Bentley Continental GT[19]
    2019 Aston Martin Valhalla V6 Hybrid Limited Edition
  17. ^ a b c Petrol engines · 1,000 N⋅m (738 lb⋅ft) Diesel engines
  18. ^ Alpina XB7 AWD · Technical Data · 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft)[22]
  19. ^ developed for racing cars[23]

Heavy vehicles

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These are for heavy motor vehicles; such as large goods vehicles (trucks), buses, motorcoaches, agricultural machinery, plant equipment (such as earth movers), or specialist military vehicles such as tanks.

Manual synchromesh transmissions for trucks

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TD: Truck transmission with direct drive top gear
TO: Truck transmission with overdrive top gear

5-speed & 6-speed (ZF Ecolite)[27]

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9-speed (ZF Ecomid)[28]

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12-speed & 16-speed (ZF Ecosplit)[29]

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Manual synchromesh transmissions for tanks

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6-speed

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7-speed

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Automatic transmissions

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2-speed auto

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Ecomat series

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  • 4, 5 or 6-speed with Hydraulic Retarder and Neutral on Vehicle Stop (4/5/6 HP 500/590/600) – 1980–2002
  • 4, 5 or 6-speed with Hydraulic Retarder and Neutral on Vehicle Stop (4/5/6 HP 502/592/602/C) – 1997–2007
  • 5, or 6-speed with Hydraulic Retarder and Neutral on Vehicle Stop (5/6 HP 504C/594C/604C) – 2006–2016

EcoLife series

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  • 1st generation 6-speed with Hydraulic Retarder (6APxx0x B/C/BS/SP series) – 2008–2019
  • 2nd generation 6-speed with Hydraulic Retarder (6APxx2x B/S series) – 2019–
  • Off-Road 7-speed with Hydraulic Retarder (7APxx0x and 7APxx2x (S) series)
  • Off-Road 6-speed with Hydraulic Retarder and Power Take-Off (6APxx2x SK series)

References: [30][31][32]

8-speed PowerLine
Model
Gener-
ation
Version Pro-
duction
Period
Engine
Orien-
tation
Gear Ratios[a] Layout Cou-
pling
Control
1st
Top
Count[b]
Span[c]
Step[d]
Center[e]
Power
Flow[f]
Gear-
sets[g]
Brakes Clutch-
es
8AP
600 T
[h]
600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft) 2017 –
Present
Longitudinal 4.8889
0.6389
8
7.6522
1.3374
1.7673
P & S 4 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
8AP
800 T
[h]
800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft) 2017 –
Present
Longitudinal 4.8889
0.6389
8
7.6522
1.3374
1.7673
P & S 4 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
8AP
1000 T
[h]
1,000 N⋅m (738 lb⋅ft) 2017 –
Present
Longitudinal 4.8889
0.6389
8
7.6522
1.3374
1.7673
P & S 4 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
8AP
1200 T
[h]
1,200 N⋅m (885 lb⋅ft)[i] 2017 –
Present
Longitudinal 4.8889
0.6389
8
7.6522
1.3374
1.7673
P & S 4 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
8AP
1200 S
[j]
1,200 N⋅m (885 lb⋅ft)[i] 2017 –
Present
Longitudinal 4.8889
0.6389
8
7.6522
1.3374
1.7673
P & S 4 2 3 Torque
Converter

w/ Lockup
Electronic
  1. ^ Differences in gear ratios have a measurable, direct impact on vehicle dynamics, performance, waste emissions as well as fuel mileage
  2. ^ plus 1 reverse gear (unless otherwise specified)
  3. ^ Total Ratio Span (Total Ratio Spread · Total Gear Ratio)
    •  
    • A wider span enables the
      • downspeeding when driving outside the city limits
      • increase the climbing ability
        • when driving over mountain passes or off-road
        • or when towing a trailer
  4. ^ Average Gear Step
    •  
    • With decreasing step width
      • the gears connect better to each other
      • shifting comfort increases
  5. ^ Ratio Span's Center
    •  
    • The center indicates the speed level of the transmission
    • Together with the final drive ratio
    • it gives the shaft speed level of the vehicle
  6. ^ P: parallel (using the two degrees of freedom of planetary gearsets to increase the number of gears) · S: serial
  7. ^ Epicyclic gearing (unless otherwise specified)
  8. ^ a b c d Automatic Powershift Transmission for Trucks[33]
  9. ^ a b higher torque on demand[34]
  10. ^ Automatic Powershift Transmission for Special Vehicles[35][36]

12-speed AMT

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See also

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References

edit
  1. ^ Streather, Adrian (2006). Ford GT: Then, and Now – Adrian Streather – Google Books. Veloce Publishing Limited. ISBN 9781845840549. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  2. ^ Cupler, Justin (22 August 2012). "1964 – 1969 Ford GT40 | car review @ Top Speed". Topspeed.com. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  3. ^ "BMW Parts Catalogue". Archived from the original on 14 January 2016.
  4. ^ "Online BMW Parts Catalog".
  5. ^ "ZF 6HP28". ZF Friedrichshafen AG. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2009.
  6. ^ "ZF 6HP34" (PDF). ZF Friedrichshafen AG. Retrieved 18 September 2009.[permanent dead link]
  7. ^ "ZF 7-speed dual-clutch transmission". ZF Friedrichshafen AG. ZF.com. Archived from the original on 23 May 2010. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
  8. ^ a b c d e "FEATURE: ZF's new 7DT 'Mood-Sensing' Dual-Clutch Transmissions". CSM Worldwide. Just-Auto.com. 23 September 2009. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
  9. ^ a b "Porsche Joins the DCT Set". The Lubrizol Corporation. DCTfacts.com. Archived from the original on 1 October 2009. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
  10. ^ "Top 911 moves to industry-standard shift controls". The Lubrizol Corporation. DCTfacts.com. 24 September 2009. Archived from the original on 16 October 2009. Retrieved 28 October 2009.
  11. ^ "ZF in the Porsche 911 Carrera: Porsche Carrera – Versatility with sports car genetics". ZF Friedrichshafen AG. ZF.com. Archived from the original on 21 August 2009. Retrieved 28 October 2009.
  12. ^ "New Porsche 911 with Direct Fuel Injection and Double-Clutch Gearbox" (Press release). Porsche Cars Great Britain Ltd. / Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG. 6 June 2008. Retrieved 31 October 2009.
  13. ^ "Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK) – 911 Carrera & 911 Targa 4 Models". Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG. Porsche.com. Archived from the original on 18 June 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  14. ^ "2009 Porsche Carrera PDK Transmission" (YouTube video interview with Porsche official). Roadfly.com/YouTube, LLC. Archived from the original on 19 December 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2009.
  15. ^ "The new 911 Turbo. Efficiency demands performance". Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG. Porsche.com. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2009.
  16. ^ "The new 911 Turbo. Efficiency demands performance". Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG. Porsche.com. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2009.
  17. ^ "ZF Starts Production of the New 8-Speed Dual-Clutch Transmission at the Brandenburg Location" (Press release). Brandenburg: ZF Press Release. 16 June 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  18. ^ "Porsche Panamera 4S - 8-Gang Porsche Doppelkupplungsgetriebe (PDK) - Porsche Deutschland". Archived from the original on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  19. ^ Ewing, Mark (30 August 2017). "All-New Bentley Continental: 626 HP 207 MPH Second Cousin to the Porsche Panamera". Forbes. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  20. ^ "ZF unveils new 8-speed automatic gearbox". PaulTan.org. 3 May 2007. Retrieved 18 September 2009.
  21. ^ "The freedom to exceed limits". ZF Friedrichshafen AG. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2009.
  22. ^ "Technical Data: ALPINA Automobiles".
  23. ^ https://www.zf.com/products/media/zf_race_engineering/motorsports/downloads_2/ZF_RE_Factsheet_Motorsport-Transmissions_EN_001508000203.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  24. ^ a b "ZF Friedrichshafen AG | Press Release Products". Zf.com. 31 December 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
  25. ^ a b "ZF Friedrichshafen AG | 9HP - Innovation with nine speeds". Archived from the original on 16 August 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  26. ^ a b "ZF 9-Speed Automatic Transmission for Chrysler and Dodge cars". Allpar.com. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
  27. ^ "Trucks | Truck | Ecolite for Light Trucks – ZF Friedrichshafen AG". Zf.com. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  28. ^ "Trucks | Truck | Ecomid – ZF Friedrichshafen AG". Zf.com. Archived from the original on 15 March 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  29. ^ "Trucks | Truck | Ecosplit – ZF Friedrichshafen AG". Zf.com. Archived from the original on 11 December 2012. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  30. ^ "ZF-EcoLife" (PDF). autosurdelevante.com. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
  31. ^ "EcoLife 2 - ZF". www.zf.com. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
  32. ^ "EcoLife Offroad 2" (PDF). www.zf.com. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
  33. ^ https://www.zf.com/master/media/products_1/commercial_vehicles/footer_1/brochures_trucks_buses/2020_3/TT_Product_Overview_DE_EN_LowRes.pdf · p. 7
  34. ^ https://www.zf.com/public/org/Data-sheet_PowerLine_71773.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  35. ^ Efficient Torque Converter Automatic Transmission for Commercial Vehicles (ZF 8AP) · Winfried Gründler · Herbert Mozer · Frank Sauter: ATZ worldwide 06/2017 · pp. 36–39
  36. ^ https://www.zf.com/public/org/Flyer_PowerLine-Special-Vehicles_en_72128.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  37. ^ "ZF AS Tronic". ZF Friedrichshafen AG. ZF.com. Archived from the original on 24 January 2010. Retrieved 30 November 2009.
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