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Zakuski

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For the Romanian vegetable spread, see Zacuscă.

Zakuski (plural from Russian: закуски [zɐˈkuskʲɪ]; singular zakuska from закуска; Polish: zakąski, zakąska) is an assortment of cold hors d'oeuvres, entrées and snacks in food culture in Slavic-speaking countries.[1][2] It is served as a course on its own or "intended to follow each shot of vodka or another alcoholic drink".[3] The word literally means 'something to bite after'.[4] It probably originated and was influenced through the fusion of Slavic, Viking-Nordic and Oriental cultures in early Rus' regions like the Novgorod Republic.[5][6]

Zakuski
CourseHors d'oeuvre or snack
Place of originEurasia
Region or stateEastern Europe, Northern Europe, Asia
Main ingredientsCold cuts, cured fishes, mixed salads, pickled vegetables, kholodets, pirozhki, hard cheeses, caviar, roe, canapés, open sandwiches, breads

History

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The tradition of zakuski is linked to the Swedish and Finnish brännvinsbord which was also the ancestor of modern smörgåsbord[2] and to meze of the Ottoman Empire and other Middle Eastern cultures.[7] Zakuski are not served as in Scandinavia at the buffet, but instead at the dining table. Zakuski are also a food-in-itself and often not just served as starter to a meal. They were kept in the houses of the Russian gentry for feeding casual visitors who travelled long distances and whose arrival time was often unpredictable.[1] At banquets and parties, zakuski were often served in a separate room adjacent to the dining room, or on a separate table in the dining room. The tradition eventually spread to other layers of society and remained in the Soviet times, but due to lack of space, they were served on the dinner table. Zakuski became thus the first course of a festive dinner.[2]

Nowadays, these appetizers are commonly served at banquets, dinners, parties and receptions in countries which were formerly part of the Russian Empire including some post-Soviet states and Poland.[1][8] A broad selection of zakuski constitutes a standard first course at any feast table. Usually, zakuski are already laid on the table when guests are called to the dining room.[1]

Zakuski can be cold or hot.[1]

Typical cold zakuski selections may include cold cuts, cured fishes, mixed salads, kholodets (meat jelly), pirogs or pirozhki, various pickled vegetables such as beets, cucumbers, sauerkraut, pickled mushrooms, deviled eggs, hard cheeses, caviar, canapés, open sandwiches, and breads.[2][9]

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e "Zakuski". Culture and Customs of Russia. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2000. ISBN 9780313311017.
  2. ^ a b c d Alan Davidson (2014). "Zakuski". The Oxford Companion to Food. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 889–890. ISBN 9780191040726.
  3. ^ Encyclopaedia of Contemporary Russian
  4. ^ Закуска. С.И. Ожегов, Н.Ю. Шведова. Толковый словарь русского языка. 1949-1992. (in Russian)
  5. ^ Sharon, Hudgins (2018-05-15). T-bone whacks and caviar snacks : cooking with two Texans in Siberia and the Russian Far East. Hudgins, Tom. Denton, Texas. p. 18. ISBN 9781574417227. OCLC 1035845794.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. ^ "Food". Retrieved 7 November 2018.
  7. ^ Wright, Clifford A. (2003). Little foods of the Mediterranean : 500 fabulous recipes for antipasti, tapas, hors d'oeuvre, meze, and more. Boston, MA: Harvard Common Press. ISBN 1558322272. OCLC 52514404.
  8. ^ Procner, Aleksandra (1999). Technologia gastronomiczna z towaroznawstwem [Gastronomic technology with commodity-knowledge] (in Polish). Warszawa: WSiP. ISBN 83-02-02789-8.
  9. ^ JOC All New Rev. - 1997 - Irma S. Rombauer, Marion Rombauer Becker

Further reading

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