Zamia neurophyllidia is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. The original description was based on specimens found in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama. A more recent re-characterization of Z. neurophyllidia is based on a population found in the type locality in Bocas del Toro Province, Panama. It is part of the Zamia skinneri species complex.
| Zamia neurophyllidia | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Cycadophyta |
| Class: | Cycadopsida |
| Order: | Cycadales |
| Family: | Zamiaceae |
| Genus: | Zamia |
| Species: | Z. neurophyllidia
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| Binomial name | |
| Zamia neurophyllidia D.W.Stev.
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Classification history
editD. W. Stevenson described Z. neurophyllidia in 1993 to include a population that had been regarded as a dwarf variety of Z. skinneri. He stated that Z. neurophyllidia was endemic to Panama, while Z. skinneri occurred from southern Nicaragua to northern Panama. In the 1990s, the World List of Cycads reported Z. neurophyllidia as occurring only in Panama. After 2000 the World List of Cycads changed the reported range of Z. neurophyllidia to include northern Panama, Costa Rica, and southern Nicaragua.[2] A study published in 2004 proposed that Z. neurophyllidia and Z. skinneri were a "hybrid species complex". The 1993 description of Z. neurophyllidia by Stevenson was based on material from several locations, some of which had subsequently been assigned to other taxa. Taylor B. et al. (2008) re-characteized Z. neurophyllidia based solely on specimens from the type locality in Bocas del Toro Province, Panama.[3]
Description
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Z. neurophyllidia is a shrub or small tree, with a stem growing up to 1.5 to 2 metres (4 ft 11 in to 6 ft 7 in) tall and 5 to 12 centimetres (2.0 to 4.7 in) in diameter. Up to 22 leaves per crown are 61 to 180 centimetres (24 to 71 in) long, with 6 to 11 pairs of leaflets. Leaflets are elliptic to oblong-elliptic, pleated between veins, and with serrated edges. Leaflets along the middle of the stem are 20 to 31.3 centimetres (7.9 to 12.3 in) long and 6.1 to 10.5 centimetres (2.4 to 4.1 in) wide.[4]
Reproduction
editLike all Zamias, Z. neurophyllidia is dioecious, with individual plants being male, with pollen cones, or female, with seed-bearing cones.[5] Female cones (macrostrobili) are 13.2 to 20 centimetres (5.2 to 7.9 in) long and 5.7 to 7.2 centimetres (2.2 to 2.8 in) wide. They emerge covered in tan matted hair which matures into dark brown hairs over green to yellow-green megasporophylls. Seeds are 1.8 to 2.5 centimetres (0.71 to 0.98 in) long and 0.9 to 1.5 centimetres (0.35 to 0.59 in) wide. There are 110 to 220 seeds in a cone. The sarcotesta (seed coating) is bright red. Male cones (microstrobili) of the type variety had not been observed when Z. neurophyllidia was recharacterized by Taylor B. et al (2008). While fertilization has not been observed in Z. neurophyllidia, it is believed that it is pollinated by erotylid beetles.[4] All other zamia species that have been studied in Panama are known to be pollinated by insects.[6]
Distribution
editKnown populations of Z. neurophyllidia grow on steep hills in tropical deciduous forests along the Rio Changuinola in Bocas del Toro Province.[4] Z. neurophyllidia may also occur in Costa Rica.[7]
References
edit- ^ Bösenberg, J. D. (2023) [errata version of 2022 assessment]. "Zamia neurophyllidia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 (2): e.T42170A243408641. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
- ^ Taylor B., Haynes & Holzman 2008, p. 403.
- ^ Taylor B., Haynes & Holzman 2008, pp. 404, 410–413.
- ^ a b c Taylor B., Haynes & Holzman 2008, p. 412.
- ^ Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (April 2004). "Cycads of Colombia". The Botanical Review. 70 (2): 203. doi:10.1663/0006-8101(2004)070[0194:COC]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1874-9372.
- ^ Taylor B. et al. 2012, p. 83.
- ^ Taylor B. et al. 2012, p. 81.
Sources
edit- Taylor B., Alberto S.; Haynes, Jody L.; Holzman, Greg (2008). "Taxonomical, nomenclatural and biogeographical revelations in the Zamie skinneri complex of Central America (Cycadales; Zamiaceae)" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 158 (3): 399–429. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00886.x.
- Taylor B., Alberto S.; Haynes, Jody L.; Stevenson, Dennis W.; Holzman, Gregory; Mendieta, Jorge (2012). "Biogeographic Insights in Central American Cycad Biology" (PDF). In Stevens, Lawrence (ed.). Global Advances in Biogeography. Rejika, Croatia: InTechOpen. pp. 73–98. ISBN 978-9535104544.