Zhuge Qiao (204–228),[a] courtesy name Bosong, was an official of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the adopted son of Zhuge Liang, the Imperial Chancellor and regent of Shu from 223 to 234. His biological father was Zhuge Liang's elder brother Zhuge Jin, a military general of Shu's ally state, Eastern Wu.
Zhuge Qiao | |
|---|---|
| 諸葛喬 | |
| Chief Commandant of Escorting Cavalry (駙馬都尉) | |
| In office ?–? | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 204[a] |
| Died | 228 (aged 24)[a] |
| Children | Zhuge Pan |
| Parent |
|
| Relatives |
|
| Occupation | Official |
| Courtesy name |
|
Life
editZhuge Qiao and his elder brother Zhuge Ke were very famous in Eastern Wu but many people felt that Zhuge Qiao was not as talented as his brother.[3]
Zhuge Liang did not have any sons initially so he requested to adopt Zhuge Qiao as his heir. Zhuge Jin sent Zhuge Qiao to Shu after seeking permission from the Wu emperor Sun Quan. Zhuge Qiao became Zhuge Liang's adopted son. Zhuge Liang changed Zhuge Qiao's original courtesy name "Zhongshen" to "Bosong". Zhuge Qiao was appointed as a Chief Commandant of Escorting Cavalry (駙馬都尉), and he followed Zhuge Liang to Hanzhong Commandery.[4] Zhuge Liang once wrote a letter to Zhuge Jin, "(Zhuge) Qiao should have returned to Chengdu (the Shu capital). However, I see that the sons of the other Shu generals have inherited their fathers' legacies, so I thought we should share honour and shame together with them. I have put (Zhuge) Qiao in command of 500-600 soldiers and deployed him to the valley together with the sons of the other generals."[5]
Zhuge Qiao died in 228 at the age of 25 (by East Asian age reckoning).[a] Zhuge Qiao's son, Zhuge Pan (諸葛攀), served in Shu as well and his highest appointment was Protector of the Army and Soaring Martial General (行護軍翊武將軍), but he also died at a young age. After Zhuge Ke and his family were massacred in Wu in a coup d'état in 253, Zhuge Pan reverted to his original lineage and travelled to Wu to continue his biological grandfather's bloodline there.[6]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d The Sanguozhi stated that Zhuge Qiao died at the age of 25 (by East Asian age reckoning) in the 1st year of the Jianxing era (223-237) in Liu Shan's reign.[1] However, some scholars argued that Zhuge Qiao accompanied Zhuge Liang in an army at Han Zhong in 227, and citing the biographies of other personalities in Sanguozhi, made the case that there was a mistake in Qiao's biography. In Qing-era scholar He Zhuo's opinion, he thought that the character “元 (first)” should be “六 (six)” instead, and defined Qiao's death year to be the 6th year of the Jianxing era. By calculation, Zhuge Qiao's birth year should be around 204.[2]
References
edit- ^ (「年二十五，建興元年卒」）Sanguozhi vol. 35.
- ^ （何焯曰：「公北駐漢中在建興五年，元字誤。思遠之生，即在建興五年也。詳元字當作六。伯松亦以轉運之勤，死於王事。」錢大昭曰：「按霍峻傳云：亮北駐漢中，請為記室，使與子喬共周旋游處，與喬傳合。然北駐漢中之事，後主傳及諸葛亮、向朗等傳，皆在建興五年，則所云建興元年卒者，誤矣。」）
- ^ (喬字伯松，亮兄瑾之第二子也，本字仲慎。與兄元遜俱有名於時，論者以為喬才不及兄，而性業過之。) Sanguozhi vol. 35.
- ^ (初，亮未有子，求喬為嗣，瑾啟孫權遣喬來西，亮以喬為己適子，故易其字焉。拜為駙馬都尉，隨亮至漢中。) Sanguozhi vol. 35.
- ^ (亮與兄瑾書曰：「喬本當還成都，今諸將子弟皆得傳運，思惟宜同榮辱。今使喬督五六百兵，與諸子弟傳於谷中。」書在亮集。) Pei Songzhi's annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 35.
- ^ (子攀，官至行護軍翊武將軍，亦早卒。諸葛恪見誅於吳，子孫皆盡，而亮自有冑裔，故攀還復為瑾後。) Sanguozhi vol. 35.
- Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
- Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).