Zofia Oleśnicka (? in Pieskowa Skała – c.1567) was a Polish Calvinist noblewoman, for many years considered to be the first Polish woman poet for a collection of Protestant hymns published in Cracow in 1556. However more recent scholarship has questioned the attribution of this collection to Zofia, and has ascribed the poems to Cyprian Bazylik, a poet and composer among the Calvinist nobility.
Life
editShe was daughter of the Calvinist starost (alderman) of Chęciny, Hieronim Szafraniec and his second wife, Zofia Zborowska. Her childhood and youth were spent at the Wawel, where her father held the office of secretary until Sigismund I the Old's death in 1548. She was married to Mikołaj Oleśnicki the elder lord of Pińczów, and later uncle of the diplomat Mikołaj Oleśnicki the younger. She had two sons, Andrzej and Jan Oleśnicki. She and her father persuaded her husband to Calvinism, and the family were then persuaded by the converted Italian priest Stancaro to make Pińczów a centre of Calvinism and establish a college the Pińczów Academy.
The acrostic hymns
editShe was ascribed by Stanisław Lubieniecki in his History of the Polish Reformation (Historia Reformationis Polonicae 1685)[1] as the author of 5 metric psalms in the 12 song collection of Cyprian Bazylik „Z ochotnem sercem, Ciebie wysławiam mój Panie” ("with a willing heart, I praise you my Lord.") 1556. This would make her the first woman poet in Poland along possibly with the Lutheran pastor's wife Regina Filipowska (died 1557). The reason for the attribution was the acrostic in the text „Zofia Olesnicka z Pyeskowey Skali” ("Zofia Oleśnicka from Pieskowa Skała"). However some recent scholarship has argued that this acrostic was not the hand of the author, but a dedication to the lady of the estate by Bazylik himself. The issue is still debated - no hard evidence exists confirming or denying Zofia's hand in the 5 poems.[2][3][4]
Zofia and her husband died between June 1, 1566 and 15 March 1567. They were buried in the crypt of St. John's Evangelist Church (Pińczów).
The International Astronomical Union named one of the volcanic craters on Venus "Olesnicka" in her honour in 1994.
References
edit- ^ Stanisław Lubieniecki History of the Polish Reformation: and nine related documents George Huntston Williams 1995 "E. The first hymn of the Brethren, composed by Zofia Olesnicka (Cracow, 1556). Title page of the oldest Reformed hymn, ... The identity of the authoress is clear from the acrostic, her name printed in heavy face. The intense individualism of the composer is all the more remarkable for the likelihood that the whole quarto volume of eight pages was probably held in the hands of the members of the congregation or the choir."
- ^ The History of Music in Poland: The Renaissance Stefan Sutkowski, Katarzyna Morawska - 2002 "Cyprian Bazylik was the author of 12 songs, which include five settings of psalms: Pieśń nowa w której jest dziękowanie „Z ochotnem sercem" to a text by Zofia Oleśnicka (published in Cracow in 1 556 by Łazarz Andrysowicz and two years ."
- ^ Women in early modern Polish society, against the European background - Page 138 Maria Bogucka - 2004 "... and regarded two women from Little Poland, Zofia Olesnicka and Regina Filipowska, as pioneers in the writing of poetry. ... The question whether the acrostic denotes the author or the lady to whom the poem was dedicated, has not been ...
- ^ Roland Herbert Bainton Women of the Reformation, from Spain to Scandinavia - 1977 "Zofia Olesnicka each of the parts was printed separately, marked discant, tenor, alto and bass. The form of the hymn was that of the acrostic very popular in that period. The first letters of each line reading down give the name of the author."