Zosteraceae (one of the four seagrasses families, Kubitzki ed. 1998) is a family of marine perennial flowering plants found in temperate and subtropical coastal waters, with the highest diversity located around Korea and Japan. Most seagrasses complete their entire life cycle under water,[3] having filamentous pollen especially adapted to dispersion in an aquatic environment and ribbon-like leaves that lack stomata. Seagrasses are herbaceous and have prominent creeping rhizomes. A distinctive characteristic of the family is the presence of characteristic retinacules, which are present in all species except members of Zostera subgenus Zostera.
| Zosteraceae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Zostera marina, from Lindman (1917–1926) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Alismatales |
| Family: | Zosteraceae Dumort.[1][2] |
| Genera | |
Zosteraceae has long been accepted by taxonomists as monophyletic. The APG II system of 2003 recognizes this family and places it in the monocot order Alismatales. The family contains approximately twenty-two species divided between two genera, Phyllospadix and Zostera totalling 22 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 [4]). Zostera contains three subgenera: Heterozostera (formerly considered a separate genus [5]), Zostera and Zosterella.[6] Zosteraceae is closely related to Potamogetonaceae, a family of freshwater aquatics.
Zosteraceae is a conserved name.
Taxonomy
editMarine grasses families: Zosteraceae, Cymodoceaceae, Ruppiaceae and Posidoniaceae. Related families: Potamogetonaceae and sometimes including Zannichelliaceae.
| Kubitzki (ed. 1998[7]) | Watson & Dallwitz (delta-intkey)[8] | data.kew[9] | APWeb (mobot.org)[10] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zosteraceae | |||
| 1. Zostera L. | Zostera | Zostera L. | Zostera L. (including Heterozostera den Hartog, Macrozostera Tomlinson & Posluzny, Nanozostera Tomlinson & Posluzny, Zosterella J. K. Small) |
| 2. Heterozostera den Hartog | Heterozostera | Heterozostera (Setch.) Hartog | (in Zostera) |
| 3. Phyllospadix Hook. | Phyllospadix | Phyllospadix Hook. | Phyllospadix J. D. Hooker |
| Cymodoceaceae | |||
| 1. Syringodium Kütz | Syringodium | Syringodium Kutz. | (in Cymodocea) |
| 2. Halodule Endl. | Halodule | Halodule Endl. | Halodule Endlicher |
| 3. Cymodocea König | Cymodocea | Cymodocea K.Koenig (including Phycoschoenus (Asch.) Nakai ) | Cymodocea König (including Amphibolis Agardh ?, Syringodium Kütz. ?, Thalassodendron den Hartog ?) |
| 4. Amphibolis Agardh | Amphibolis | Amphibolis C.Agardh (including Pectinella J.M.Black) | (in Cymodocea) |
| 5. Thalassodendron de Hartog | (name not found) | Thalassodendron Hartog | (in Cymodocea) |
| Ruppiaceae | |||
| Ruppia L. | Ruppia | (in Ruppia L. in Potamogetonaceae) | Ruppia L. |
| Posidoniaceae | |||
| Posidonia König | Posidonia | Posidonia K.Koenig | Posidonia König |
References
edit- ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
- ^ Dumortier (1829). Analyse des Familles de Plantes : avec l'indication des principaux genres qui s'y rattachent. Tournay.
- ^ Ackerman, JD (1997). "Submarine pollination in the marine angiosperm Zostera marina (Zosteraceae) I: The influence of floral morphology on fluid flow". American Journal of Botany. 84 (8). Botanical Society of America: 1099–1109. doi:10.2307/2446153. JSTOR 2446153. PMID 21708665.
- ^ Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3). Magnolia Press: 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
- ^ Jacobs, S.W.L.; Lee, D.H. (2009). "New combinations in Zostera (Zosteraceae)". Telopea. 12 (3): 419–423. doi:10.7751/telopea20095827.
- ^ Les, D.H.; Moody, M.L.; Jacobs, S.W.L.; Bayer, R.J. (2002). "Systematics of Seagrasses (Zosteraceae) in Australia and New Zealand" (abstract). Systematic Botany. 27 (3): 468–484. doi:10.1043/0363-6445-27.3.468 (inactive 1 November 2024).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) - ^ Kubitzki (ed.) 1998. The families and genera of vascular plants, vol 4, Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
- ^ Watson & Dallwitz. Zosteraceae. The families of flowering plants. http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/zosterac.htm
- ^ "Vascular Plant Families and Genera. List of genera in family Cymodoceaceae". data.kew.org. Kew Royal Botanical Gardens. Retrieved 2016-06-02.
- ^ Vascular Plant Families and Genera. List of Genera in Cymodoceaceae (accessed 2016-06-02)
- ^ Kubitzki (ed.) 1998. The families and genera of vascular plants, vol 4, Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
- ^ Watson & Dallwitz. Potamogetonaceae. The families of flowering plants. http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/potamoge.htm
- ^ "Vascular Plant Families and Genera. List of genera in family Potamogetonaceae". data.kew.org. Kew Royal Botanical Gardens. Retrieved 2016-06-02.
- ^ Vascular Plant Families and Genera. List of Genera in Potamogetonaceae (accessed 2016-06-02)
Further reading
editWaycott, M, McMahon, K, Lavery, P 2014, A Guide to Southern Temperate Seagrasses, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, ISBN 9781486300150
External links
edit
- Zosteraceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards).
- The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. Version: 27 April 2006.
- Zosteraceae in the Flora of North America
- NCBI Taxonomy Browser
- links at CSDL, Texas