The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF, obs. code: I41) is a wide-field sky astronomical survey using a new camera attached to the Samuel Oschin Telescope at Palomar Observatory in San Diego County, California, United States. Commissioned in 2018, it supersedes the (Intermediate) Palomar Transient Factory (2009–2017) that used the same observatory code. It is named after the Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky.[1]
| Alternative names | ZTF |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 33°21′26″N 116°51′35″W / 33.35731°N 116.85981°W |
| Observatory code | I41 |
| Website | www |
Description
edit
Observing in visible and infrared wavelengths,[2] the Zwicky Transient Facility is designed to detect transient objects that rapidly change in brightness, for example supernovae, gamma ray bursts, and collision between two neutron stars, and moving objects like comets and asteroids.
The new camera is made of 16 CCDs of 6144×6160 pixels each, enabling each exposure to cover an area of 47 square degrees. The Zwicky Transient Facility is designed to image the entire northern sky in three nights and scan the plane of the Milky Way twice each night to a limiting magnitude of 20.5 (r band, 5σ).[3][4]
The amount of data produced by ZTF is expected to be ten times larger than its predecessor, the Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory.[5] ZTF's large data will allow it to act as a prototype for the Vera C. Rubin Observatory (formerly Large Synoptic Survey Telescope) that is expected to be in full operation in 2024 and will accumulate ten times more data than ZTF.[3][1]
First light was recorded of an area in the constellation Orion on November 1, 2017.[6][7][8]
The first confirmed findings from the ZTF project were reported on 7 February 2018,[9] with the discovery of 2018 CL, a small near-Earth asteroid.[10]
Discoveries
edit- On 9 May 2019, ZTF discovered its first comet, C/2019 J2 (Palomar), a long-period comet.[11]
- A search of the ZTF's archive identified images of the interstellar comet 2I/Borisov as early as December 13, 2018, extending observations back eight months.[12][13]
- A search from ZTF's images identified Cataclysmic variable, ZTF J1813+4251 a binary with a period of under 1 hour.[14]
- AT2021lwx, a long-lasting high-energy transient with a redshift of 0.9945, was discovered on 13 April 2021.[15][16][17]
- A very bright tidal disruption event called AT2022cmc with a redshift of 1.19325, among the brightest astronomical events ever observed.[18][19]
See also
edit- Vera C. Rubin Observatory – Astronomical observatory in Chile
- Pan-STARRS – Multi-telescope astronomical survey
- OGLE survey
- GOTO (telescope array)
References
edit- ^ a b "Zwicky Transient Facility Opens Its Eyes to the Volatile cosmos". Zwicky Transient Facility. November 14, 2017.
- ^ Bellm, Eric; et al. (2019). "The Zwicky Transient Facility: System Overview, Performance, and First Results". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 131 (995): 018002. arXiv:1902.01932. Bibcode:2019PASP..131a8002B. doi:10.1088/1538-3873/aaecbe. S2CID 119410793.
- ^ a b Bellm, Eric; Kulkarni, Shrinivas (2017-03-02). "The unblinking eye on the sky". Nature Astronomy. 1 (3): 0071. arXiv:1705.10052. Bibcode:2017NatAs...1E..71B. doi:10.1038/s41550-017-0071. ISSN 2397-3366. S2CID 119365778.
- ^ Smith, Roger M.; Dekany, Richard G.; Bebek, Christopher; Bellm, Eric; Bui, Khanh; Cromer, John; Gardner, Paul; Hoff, Matthew; Kaye, Stephen (2014-07-14). "The Zwicky transient facility observing system" (PDF). In Ramsay, Suzanne K; McLean, Ian S; Takami, Hideki (eds.). Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V. Vol. 9147. International Society for Optics and Photonics. p. 914779. Bibcode:2014SPIE.9147E..79S. doi:10.1117/12.2070014. S2CID 9106668.
{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help) - ^ Cao, Yi; Nugent, Peter E.; Kasliwal, Mansi M. (2016). "Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory: Realtime Image Subtraction Pipeline". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 128 (969): 114502. arXiv:1608.01006. Bibcode:2016PASP..128k4502C. doi:10.1088/1538-3873/128/969/114502. S2CID 39571681.
- ^ Clery, Daniel (2017-11-13). "New California telescope aims to catch quickly moving celestial events". Science. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
- ^ "The Zwicky Transient Facility". The Palomar Observatory. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
- ^ Boyle, Alan (14 November 2017). "Super-wide-angle Zwicky Transient Facility celebrates 'first light' with help from UW". GeekWire. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
- ^ Kulkarni, S.R.; et al. (7 February 2018). "The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) begins - ATel #11266". Astronomer's Telegram. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
- ^ Ye, Quan-Zhi; et al. (8 February 2018). "First Discovery of a Small Near Earth Asteroid with ZTF (2018 CL) - ATel #11274". Astronomer's Telegram. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
- ^ Williams, Gareth V. "MPEC 2019-J123: COMET C/2019 J2 (Palomar)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
- ^ Wayt Gibbs, W. "Alien comets may be common, object from beyond Solar System suggests". Science. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
- ^ Williams, Gareth V. "MPEC 2019-V34 : COMET 2I/Borisov". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
- ^ "Astronomers find a "cataclysmic" pair of stars with the shortest orbit yet". MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. October 5, 2022.
- ^ Subrayan, Bhagya M.; Milisavljevic, Dan; Chornock, Ryan; Margutti, Raffaella; Alexander, Kate D.; Ramakrishnan, Vandana; Duffell, Paul C.; Dickinson, Danielle A.; Lee, Kyoung-Soo; Giannios, Dimitrios; Lentner, Geoffery; Linvill, Mark; Garretson, Braden; Graham, Matthew J.; Stern, Daniel (2023-05-01). "Scary Barbie: An Extremely Energetic, Long-duration Tidal Disruption Event Candidate without a Detected Host Galaxy at z = 0.995". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 948 (2): L19. arXiv:2302.10932. Bibcode:2023ApJ...948L..19S. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/accf1a. ISSN 2041-8205. S2CID 257079239.
- ^ Wiseman, p.; Wang, Y.; Hönig, S.; Castero-Segura, N.; Clark, P.; Frohmaier, C.; Fulton, M. D.; Leloudas, G.; Middleton, M.; Müller-Bravo, T. E.; Mummery, A.; Pursiainen, M; Smartt, S. J.; Smith, K.; Sullivan, M. (July 2023). "Multiwavelength observations of the extraordinary accretion event AT2021lwx". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 522 (3): 3992–4002. arXiv:2303.04412. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1000.
- ^ Overbye, Dennis (12 May 2023). "The Biggest Explosion in the Cosmos Just Keeps Going - For three years, telescopes have monitored "one of the most luminous" events ever: a supermassive black hole consuming a gigantic cloud of interstellar gas". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
- ^ Goodwin, Adelle; Miller-Jones, James (30 November 2022). "Astronomers witness the dying flare of a star torn apart by a black hole halfway across the Universe". The Conversation. Retrieved 2022-12-27.
- ^ Jonathan O’Callaghan (Nov 30, 2022). "Star ripped up by black hole is one of the brightest things ever seen". New Scientist.
