Zygmunt Solorz (Polish: [ˈzɨɡ.munt ˈsɔ.lɔʂ]; born Zygmunt Józef Krok, August 4, 1956 in Radom) is a Polish businessman and a media tycoon known for launching Polsat, one of the largest private television channels in the country. As of 2024, he is the fifth richest person in Poland and has repeatedly appeared on Forbes' ranking of the world's billionaires, with an estimated net worth around €5.77 billion.[1] He ranked #688 on the Forbes 2016 with a net worth of US$2.5 billion.[2] The companies controlled by him include Cyfrowy Polsat, Polkomtel, Netia, Elektrim and Interia.
Zygmunt Józef Krok | |
|---|---|
.JPG) Zygmunt Solorz (2013) | |
| Born | August 4, 1956 (age 68) |
| Citizenship | Poland |
| Occupation | entrepreneur |
| Known for | founder of Polsat |
| Spouse | Justyna Kulka |
| Children | 3 |
Biography
editEarly life
editAccording to the media, Zygmunt Solorz was born in Radom, a city to the south of Warsaw, and originally had the surname Krok. In 1977 he escaped the Polish People's Republic while on a holiday trip and settled in Munich, in the then West Germany.[3] In the 1980s, he took the surname Solorz after his first wife for feminist reasons.[4] Several years later, after the second marriage, he added the hyphen and became Solorz-Żak.[5] He currently uses just Solorz as his only surname.
In his early twenties, he managed to escape closed-off Poland and got to Germany, where he founded a transport company.[5]
Businesses
editHis first major investment on the Polish media market was purchasing the majority stake in the Kurier Polski daily newspaper in early 1992.[6] The same year, Solorz launched the free-to-air commercial TV channel Polsat, broadcast through satellite, and obtained a national commercial television license in 1993. Since the middle of the 1990s, Polsat has remained one of Poland's biggest television stations. His key assets also include the pay TV platform Cyfrowy Polsat.[5]
He holds controlling stakes in the pension fund PTE Polsat, small life insurer Polisa and retail bank Invest Bank. After winning control over the distressed Elektrim conglomerate, Solorz obtained operating control over the lignite power plant PAK, ranked among the three largest electricity producers in Poland.[7] He has owned the Śląsk Wrocław football club since 2008 and the Polish mobile phone company Polkomtel since 2011.
At the turn of the millennium, he owned three television channels in the Baltic states, TV1 in Estonia, LNT in Latvia and BTV in Lithuania.[8]
In 2017, his Cyfrowy Polsat acquired telecomminications company Netia, which owns the second-largest fixed-line cable television and broadband network in Poland.
In 2019, ZE PAK Capital Group, a company controlled by Solorz, initiated a collaboration with the Korean company KHNP concerning the potential construction of small modular reactors on the site of the Pątnów Power Station.[9] He also established the Czysta Polska Foundation, which is concerned with the promotion of ecology and environmental protection.[10] The same year, Cyfrowy Polsat became a shareholder in Poland's biggest IT company Asseco while in 2020, the group bought the web portal Interia.[10]
Controversy
editAllegations of collaboration with SB
editIn a statement sent to the Polish Press Agency in 2006, Solorz admitted that in 1983 he signed a committment to collaborate with the 1st Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.[11] He was registered as an agent of the Communist-era Security Service (Polish: Służba Bezpieczeństwa, SB) from 18 October 1983 to 26 June 1985 under the alias TW Zeg. According to Solorz, he was blackmailed by the Security Service and made this decision in order to avoid getting arrested for his illegal stay in Germany. He further added that he didn't take any active role in this collaboration and as a result didn't harm anybody. The Security Service delisted him from its registry after 1.5 years describing him as "useless".[12]
Intrafamilial conflict
editIn October 2024, Solorz removed his two sons, Tobias Solorz and Piotr Żak, from the supervisory board of the power producer ZE PAK deepening a family feud over control of his conglomerate, driving down valuations and raising concerns for a leading minority investor the NN Group NV's Polish Pension Fund. The previous month, his children had sent a letter to managers, expressing concern over alleged attempts to take over the firm, adding that they were having difficulties contacting their father due to his health and were in conflict with his current wife Justyna Kulka.[13] In October, the shareholders of Cyfrowy Polsat also backed the company's founder and voted to dismiss Tobias Solorz and lawyer Jarosław Grzesiak from the company's supervisory board.[14][15]
The conflict between Solorz and his children concerns the succession to his conglomerate. According to Paweł Rymarz, the lawyer representing Solorz's children Tobias, Piotr and Agnieszka, the succession had already been completed. On 2 August 2024, Solorz allegedly signed a notarial declaration granting them a joint control over the TiVi Foundation and Solkomtel. However, one day after the signing of this document Solorz reportedly changed his mind and decided to withdraw from that decision. His children claim that his current wife, Justyna Kulka, is behind this and accuse her of exerting excessive influence over their father's decisions.[15]
Personal life
editIn 1983, he married Ilona Solorz, a Polish expatriate living in Germany who originally came from Silesia.[6] He has a son Tobias with her. The couple divorced in 1991. From 1992 to 2014, his second wife was Małogrzata Żak with whom he has son Piotr and daughter Aleksandra.[16] In 2022, he divorced his third wife, Małgorzata Nawrocka.[17] In 2024, he married his fourth wife Justyna Kulka.[18]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Solorz bereits in den hundert reichsten Menschen der Welt
- ^ "Forbes Billionaires Profile: Zygmunt Solorz-Zak". Forbes. 26 May 2021. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
- ^ "Wyborcza.pl". wyborcza.biz. Retrieved 2024-10-08.
- ^ David Short (February 2000). "Poland's Media Mogul: Zygmunt Solorz-Zak". go.gale.com. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ a b c Penz, Balazs; Fedorinova, Yuliya; Sazonov, Alexander (2019-12-21). "The Rise of the East European Billionaires". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2024-01-25.
- ^ a b Andrzej Kublik (7 October 2024). "Tajemnice imperium Solorza. Liczne tożsamości, powiązania ze służbami PRL, strategiczne inwestycje". wyborcza.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ Poland's Media Mogul: Zygmunt Solorz-Żak. | Trade & Development > Economic Development from AllBusiness.com
- ^ "Poolakad panevad TV1-le käpa peale (The Poles put a paw on TV1)". Õhtuleht. 15 December 1999. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
- ^ Andrzej Kublik (31 October 2022). "Sasin z Solorzem stawiają na atom z Korei. Podpisano list intencyjny". wyborcza.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ a b "Solorz i Sołowow łączą siły. Tak wyglądały ich drogi do sukcesu". businessinsider.com.pl (in Polish). 1 September 2021. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ "Solorz: Byłem szantażowany przez SB". gazeta.pl (in Polish). 17 November 2006. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ "Birka: informacje o współpracy Solorza z SB i WSI obrzydliwą manipulację". money.pl (in Polish). 17 November 2006. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ Konrad Krasuski, Agnieszka Barteczko (7 October 2024). "Polish Billionaire's Family Row Irks Pension Fund as Stock Drops". bnnbloomberg.ca. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ "UPDATE: "Succession" in the empire of a Polish billionaire". polskieradio.pl. 7 October 2024. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ a b "Syn Zygmunta Solorza odwołany z zarządu spółki. Relacja na żywo z walnego zgromadzenia". businessinsider.com.pl (in Polish). 8 October 2024. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ "Zygmunt Solorz-Żak chce wrócić do korzeni i więcej się nie zapożyczać". forsal.pl (in Polish). 29 July 2013. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ Czuchnowski, Wojciech (2024). "Kim jest Justyna Kulka? To z nią walczą dzieci Solorza" [Who is Justyna Kulka? She is the person his children are fighting with.]. Gazeta Wyborcza (in Polish). Warsaw.
- ^ "Jest trzecią żoną Solorza. Jego dzieci mają kwestionować ich małżeństwo". wp.pl (in Polish). 25 September 2024. Retrieved 3 November 2024.