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1990 Serbian general election

(Redirected from 1990 Serbian parliamentary election)

General elections were held in Serbia, a constituent federal unit of SFR Yugoslavia, in December 1990. The presidential elections and the first round of the parliamentary elections were held on 9 December, whilst a second round of the parliamentary elections was held on 23 December 1990. This was the last parliamentary election in Serbia where members were elected in single-member constituency seats by a two-round voting system; all subsequent elections have taken place under proportional representation.

1990 Serbian general election
← 1989 9 December 1990 (1990-12-09) 1992 →
Presidential election
Turnout71.40% (Decrease 12.15 pp)
 
Candidate Slobodan Milošević Vuk Drašković Ivan Đurić
Party SPS SPO SRSJS–UJDI
Popular vote 3,285,799 824,674 277,398
Percentage 67.71% 16.95% 5.72%
President of the Presidency before election

Slobodan Milošević
SKS

Elected President

Slobodan Milošević
SPS

Parliamentary election
All 250 seats in the National Assembly
126 seats needed for a majority
Turnout
71.39% (Decrease 10.96 pp)
Party Leader % Seats
SPS Slobodan Milošević 48.15 194
SPO Vuk Drašković 16.49 19
DS Dragoljub Mićunović 7.78 7
VMDK András Ágoston 2.75 8
SDAS Sulejman Ugljanin 1.75 3
SRSJS Ivan Đurić 1.55 2
NSS Dragan Veselinov 1.41 1
SSS Milomir Babić 1.09 2
SDS Tode Vojvodić 0.68 1
UJDI Tibor Várady 0.52 1
DSHV Bela Tonković 0.49 1
PVD Riza Halimi 0.46 1
SJ Ante Ercegović 0.45 1
DRSM Đeljadin Idrizi 0.07 1
Independents – 9.47 8
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Prime Minister before Prime Minister after
Stanko Radmilović
SPS		 Dragutin Zelenović
SPS

Background

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After World War II, the Communist Party consolidated power in Yugoslavia, transforming the country into a socialist state.[1][2] Each constituent republic had its own branch of the Communist party, with Serbia having the Communist Party of Serbia.[3] The federal Communist party renamed itself the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (SKJ) at its 6th Congress in 1952.[4][5] Its branches did the same; the Communist Party of Serbia became the League of Communists of Serbia (SKS).[6][7] With the death of Josip Broz Tito, the leader of Yugoslavia, in 1980, the country was faced with economic issues, constitutional problems, and a rise in ethnic nationalism.[8]

Within Serbia, Slobodan Milošević came to power at the 8th Session in September 1987.[9][10]: 36  Milošević was initially the president of the City Committee of SKS in Belgrade before being appointed president of SKS in May 1986 on the nomination of his mentor Ivan Stambolić, a reformist within SKS.[11][12][13] Milošević took a populist turn in April 1987 and then became a critic of Stambolić.[13][14] Milošević dismissed Stambolić's allies at the 8th Session, while in December 1987, Stambolić was removed from the position of president of Serbia.[9][15] After Milošević came to power, protests in support of Milošević's policies, dubbed the anti-bureaucratic revolution, began in Serbia in Montenegro in 1988.[10]: 41 [16] In the aftermath of the protests, the leadership in Montenegro, Vojvodina, and Kosovo was removed and replaced by the pro-Milošević faction.[16][17]

Milošević was appointed president of the presidency of the Socialist Republic of Serbia in May 1989, after being nominated to the position by the Socialist Alliance of Working People of Serbia.[18]: 15 [19][20] In response to his appointment, general elections were called for November 1989.[18]: 15 [21]: 27  In the elections, Milošević was elected president of the presidency of the SR Serbia in a landslide.[18]: 19  These would ultimately be the last one-party elections in Serbia.[22] Stanko Radmilović, a Milošević loyalist, became the prime minister of Serbia after the elections.[23][24]

Due to a dispute regarding Milošević's centralisation reforms and reforms of the Federal Assembly of Yugoslavia, an SKJ extraordinary congress was organised in January 1990.[25]: 21–22  During the congress, SKS proposed to introduce a "one man–one vote" system, though this was opposed by the Slovene delegation, which favoured confederated Yugoslavia.[26] With the help of delegates from Montenegro, Vojvodina, Kosovo, and Yugoslav People's Army, the proposals from SKS were accepted and the Slovene and Bosnian proposals were rejected.[26][27] This ultimately led to the dissolution of SKJ in the same month.[25]: 29 

Political parties

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The following parties received seats in the National Assembly after the 1990 election:[28]

# Ballot name Representative Main ideology Political position
1
  • Socialist Party of Serbia
  • SPS
 Slobodan Milošević Democratic socialism Left-wing
2
  • Serbian Renewal Movement
  • SPO
 Vuk Drašković Ultranationalism Far-right
3
  • Democratic Fellowship of Vojvodina Hungarians
  • VMDK/DZVM
 András Ágoston Minority politics Centre
4
  • Democratic Party
  • DS
 Dragoljub Mićunović Liberalism Big tent
5
  • Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak
  • SDAS
 Alija Mahmutović Sanjak separatism Right-wing
6
  • Union of Reform Forces of Yugoslavia in Serbia
  • SRSJ
 Ivan Đurić Social liberalism
Yugoslav federalism 		Centre
7
  • Party of the Serbian Peasants Union
  • SSSS
 Milomir Babić Agrarianism Centre
8
  • People's Peasant Party
  • NSS
 Dragan Veselinov Vojvodina autonomism Centre-left
9
  • Serbian Democratic Party
  • SDS
 Tode Vojvodić Left-wing nationalism Left-wing
10
  • Association for the Yugoslav Democratic Initiative
  • UJDI
 Tibor Varadi Yugoslavism Big tent
11
  • Democratic Alliance of Croats in Vojvodina
  • DSHV
 Antun Skenderović Minority politics Big tent
12
Nasufi Behlul Minority politics Big tent
13
  • Party of Yugoslavs
  • SJ
 Mihajlo Kovač Yugoslavism Big tent
14
  • Democratic Reform Party of Muslims
  • DRSM
 Đeljadin Idrizi Minority politics Left-wing

Results

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Slobodan Milošević of the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS) won the presidential elections, becoming the first elected President of Serbia. whilst the SPS won 194 of the 250 seats in the National Assembly. Opposition parties accused the SPS of voting irregularities. 7,033,610 citizens had the right to vote, 5,029,123 (71.50%) went to the polls. There were 169,461 invalid ballots (3.37%). A large number of candidates competed for the position of President of Serbia, as many as 32.[29][30]

President

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CandidatePartyVotes%
Slobodan MiloševićSocialist Party of Serbia3,285,79967.71
Vuk DraškovićSerbian Renewal Movement824,67416.99
Ivan ĐurićSRSJS–UJDI277,3985.72
Sulejman UgljaninParty of Democratic Action from Novi Pazar109,4592.26
Vojislav ŠešeljIndependent96,2771.98
Blažo PerovićYU Bloc57,4201.18
Slobodan MatićAlliance of All Serbs of the World28,9780.60
Dragan JovanovićGreen Party22,4580.46
Ljuben Alen AleksovIndependent19,1230.39
Ljubomir GrujićIndependent17,6750.36
Milan LazarevićIndependent11,0340.23
Tihomir ŽivanovićIndependent9,8920.20
Jovan KoprivicaIndependent9,6770.20
Miodrag GojkovićParty of Independent Businessmen "Zapis"9,2620.19
Tomislav KrsmanovićMovement for the Protection of Human Rights8,0950.17
Živan HaravanParty of Social Justice7,7910.16
Velimir CvetićSocial Democratic Party of Yugoslavia6,5750.14
Milan MladenovićIndependent6,4590.13
Miroslav VeselinovićIndependent6,1800.13
Nikola BarovićIndependent5,3550.11
Predrag VuletićLiberal Party5,0190.10
Ratomir VojvodićIndependent4,4140.09
Ljiljana ĆuićIndependent3,7640.08
Milorad RadovićIndependent3,4250.07
Saša GoranciIndependent3,4090.07
Nikola ŠećeroskiIndependent3,1680.07
Čedomir NešićIndependent2,5530.05
Slobodan RankovićIndependent2,4250.05
Radivoje ŠaranacRepublican Party1,9180.04
Jovan StojkovićIndependent1,1540.02
Miomir TošićIndependent9040.02
Hercen RadonjićIndependent8470.02
Total4,852,581100.00
Valid votes4,852,58196.63
Invalid/blank votes169,4613.37
Total votes5,022,042100.00
Registered voters/turnout7,033,61071.40
Source: Republic Bureau of Statistics[31]: 2–3 

National Assembly

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PartyVotes%Seats
First roundSecond roundTotal
Socialist Party of Serbia2,320,58748.1587107194
Serbian Renewal Movement794,78616.4901919
Democratic Party374,8877.78077
Democratic Fellowship of Vojvodina Hungarians132,7262.75538
Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak84,1561.75303
Union of Reform Forces of Yugoslavia for Vojvodina74,7481.55022
People's Peasant Party68,0451.41011
New Democracy – Movement for Serbia67,3561.40000
People's Radical Party63,0411.31000
Party of the Union of Peasants of Serbia52,6631.09022
Serbian National Renewal40,3590.84000
Serbian Democratic Party32,9270.68011
Green Party32,0070.66000
Union of Reform Forces of Yugoslavia in Serbia27,3580.57000
Association for the Yugoslav Democratic Initiative24,9820.52011
Democratic Alliance of Croats in Vojvodina23,6300.49011
Party for Democratic Action21,9980.46101
Party of Yugoslavs21,7840.45011
Party of Independent Businessmen and Peasants13,7780.29000
Workers' Party of Yugoslavia13,7740.29000
Serbian Saint Sava Party9,1690.19000
Liberal Party7,3250.15000
Social Democratic Party of Roma of Serbia6,4910.13000
League for Pančevo – Party of Moderate Progress6,0340.13000
Human Rights Protection Movement4,8350.10000
Peasant-Workers' Party of Serbia4,8020.10000
Party of Independent Businessmen "Zapis"4,3810.09000
Democratic Forum4,1720.09000
New Communist Movement of Yugoslavia4,0170.08000
Party of People's Harmony3,8380.08000
Party of Independent Democrats of Serbia3,4860.07000
Democratic Reform Party of Muslims3,4320.07011
Yugoslav Socialist Democratic Party3,0260.06000
Serbian Royalist Bloc2,9660.06000
Democratic Alliance of Turks1,8420.04000
Social Democratic Party of Yugoslavia1,5280.03000
Serbian School Youth Party1,3680.03000
Unknown Proposer1,1370.02000
Democratic Party (Davidović – Grol)1,0220.02000
All-Serb People's Movement8260.02000
Democratic Party of Freedom7070.01000
Democratic Political Party of Roma – Kragujevac5430.01000
Republican Party4800.01000
Independents456,3189.47088
Total4,819,337100.0096154250
Valid votes4,819,33795.94
Invalid/blank votes204,0184.06
Total votes5,023,355100.00
Registered voters/turnout7,036,30371.39
Source: Republic Bureau of Statistics[31]: 4  and Mihailović et al., 1991[32]: 280–281 

References

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  22. ^ Belić, Nikola (11 November 2016). "Kobno kašnjenje Beograda dok se rušio Berlinski zid" [Belgrade's fatal delay while the Berlin Wall was falling]. Politika (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
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  27. ^ Tempest, Rone (23 January 1990). "Communists in Yugoslavia Split Into Factions". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
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  29. ^ Nedović, Slobodanka (1997). Oko izbora 1: Izveštaj Centra za slobodne izbore i demokratiju sa parlamentarnih i predsedničkih izbora u Srbiji (septembar-oktobar 1997) [Oko izbora 1: Report of the Centre for Free Elections and Democracy on parliamentary and presidential elections in Serbia (September–October 1997)] (PDF) (in Serbian) (1 ed.). Belgrade: CeSID. OCLC 491063176.
  30. ^ Bohlen, Celestine. "Ex-Communist Chief Takes The Lead in Serbia's Election". The New York Times. p. A6. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
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  32. ^ Mihailović, Srećko; Goati, Vladimir; Baćević, Ljiljana; Džuverović, Borisav; Pegan, Sergije; Vujović Brdarević, Jasmina (1991). Od izbornih rituala do slobodnih izbora: sondaža javnog mnjenja uoči prvih višestranačkih izbora u Srbiji [From election rituals to free elections: public opinion poll ahead of the first multi-party elections in Serbia] (in Serbian) (1 ed.). Belgrade: University of Belgrade, Institute of Social Sciences, Centre for political research and public opinion. ISBN 9788670930421.
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