This is a list of spaceflights launched between July and December 1991. For launches between January and June, see 1991 in spaceflight (January–June). For an overview of the whole year, see 1991 in spaceflight.
Orbital launches
edit| Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) |
Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | ||
| Remarks | |||||||
Julyedit | |||||||
| 1 July 21:53:00 |
 Proton-K / DM-2
|
Baikonur Site 200/39
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Gorizont-23
|
MOM | Geostationary | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
| 4 July 02:32:00 |
 Delta II (7925)
|
Cape Canaveral SLC-17A
|
McDonnell Douglas
| ||||
| USA-71 (GPS IIA-2)
|
US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Successful | ||
| Losat-X
|
SDIO | Low Earth | Navigation | 15 November 1991 | Failure | ||
| Losat-X Command receiver failed nine days after launch | |||||||
| 9 July 09:40 |
Soyuz-U
|
Plesetsk Site 43/4
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Kosmos 2152 (Zenit-8)
|
MOM | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 23 July 1991 | Successful | ||
| 10 July 14:00 |
Soyuz-U
|
Baikonur Site 31/6
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Kosmos 2153 (Yantar-4KS1M)
|
MOM | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 13 March 1992 | Successful | ||
| 17 July 01:46:31 |
 Ariane 4 (40)
|
 Kourou ELA-2
|
Arianespace
| ||||
| ERS-1
|
ESA | Low Earth (Sun-synchronous) | Remote sensing | In orbit | Successful | ||
| Orbcomm-X
|
Orbcomm | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Failure | ||
| SARA
|
ESIEESPACE | Low Earth | Astronomy / Amateur radio | In orbit | Successful | ||
 Tubsat-A
|
TUB | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Successful | ||
 UoSAT-5
|
SSTL | Low Earth | Technology demonstration / Amateur radio | In orbit | Successful | ||
| Orbcomm-X Did not contact ground after separation from carrier rocket | |||||||
| 17 July 17:33:53 |
Pegasus / HAPS
|
NB-52, Edwards AFB
|
Orbital Sciences
| ||||
| SCS-1 (Microsat-1)
|
DARPA | Low Earth | Technology development | 23 January 1992 | Partial failure | ||
| SCS-2 (Microsat-2)
|
DARPA | Low Earth | Technology development | 23 January 1992 | Partial failure | ||
| SCS-3 (Microsat-3)
|
DARPA | Low Earth | Technology development | 24 January 1992 | Partial failure | ||
| SCS-4 (Microsat-4)
|
DARPA | Low Earth | Technology development | 23 January 1992 | Partial failure | ||
| SCS-5 (Microsat-5)
|
DARPA | Low Earth | Technology development | 23 January 1992 | Partial failure | ||
| SCS-6 (Microsat-6)
|
DARPA | Low Earth | Technology development | 25 January 1992 | Partial failure | ||
| SCS-7 (Microsat-7)
|
DARPA | Low Earth | Technology development | 23 January 1992 | Partial failure | ||
| Placed in incorrect orbit due to staging error, most mission objectives still met | |||||||
| 23 July 09:05:00 |
Soyuz-U
|
Plesetsk Site 43/3
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Resurs-F-12
|
MOM | Low Earth | Remote sensing | 8 August 1991 | Successful | ||
Augustedit | |||||||
| 1 August 11:53 |
Molniya-M
|
Plesetsk Site 43/4
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Molniya-1-82
|
MOM | Molniya | Communication | 9 October 2004 | Successful | ||
| 2 August 15:02:00 |
Space Shuttle Discovery
|
Kennedy LC-39A
|
United Space Alliance
| ||||
| STS-48
|
NASA | Low Earth | Manned orbital flight | 11 August 1991 | Successful | ||
| TDRS-5
|
NASA | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
| 14 August 23:15:13 |
Ariane 4 (44L)
|
Kourou ELA-2
|
Arianespace
| ||||
| Intelsat 605
|
Intelsat | Geostationary | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
| 15 August 09:14:59 |
Tsyklon-3
|
Plesetsk
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Meteor-3-5
|
MOM | Low Earth | Weather | In orbit | Successful | ||
| 20 August 22:54:10 |
Soyuz-U2
|
Baikonur Site 1/5
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Progress M-9
|
MOM | Low Earth, docked to Mir | Resupply Mir | 30 September 1991 | Successful | ||
| 21 August 10:50:00 |
Soyuz-U
|
Plesetsk Site 43/3
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Resurs-F-2
|
MOM | Low Earth | Remote sensing | 20 September 1991 | Successful | ||
| 22 August 12:35:46 |
Kosmos-3M
|
Plesetsk Site 132/1
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Kosmos 2154 (Parus)
|
MO SSSR | Low Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Successful | ||
| 25 August 08:40 |
 H-I
|
Tanegashima LA-Y
|
NASDA
| ||||
| BS-3B
|
Geostationary | Communication | In orbit | Successful | |||
| 29 August 06:48:43 |
Vostok-2M
|
Baikonur Site 31/6
|
RVSN
| ||||
 IRS-1B
|
ISRO | Low Earth (Sun-synchronous) | Remote sensing | In orbit | Successful | ||
| Final flight of Vostok rocket | |||||||
| 30 August 02:30 |
Mu-3S-II
|
Kagoshima LA-M1
|
ISAS
| ||||
| Yohkoh (SOLAR-A)
|
ISAS | Low Earth | Solar research | 12 September 2005 | Successful | ||
| 30 August 08:58:01 |
Zenit-2
|
Baikonur Site 45/1
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Tselina-2
|
MO SSSR | Intended: Low Earth | ELINT | 30 August 1991 | Failure | ||
| Second stage overheated, resulting in explosion | |||||||
Septemberedit | |||||||
| 12 September 23:11:04 |
Space Shuttle Discovery
|
Kennedy LC-39A
|
United Space Alliance
| ||||
| STS-48
|
NASA | Low Earth | Manned orbital flight | 18 September 1991 | Successful | ||
| UARS
|
NASA | Low Earth | Atmospheric research | 23 September 2011 | Successful | ||
| 13 September 17:51:02 |
Proton-K / DM-2
|
Baikonur Site 81/23
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Kosmos 2155 (Prognoz)
|
MOM | Geostationary | Missile defence | In orbit | Successful | ||
| 17 September 20:01:59 |
Molniya-M
|
Plesetsk Site 43/4
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Molniya-3-48L
|
MOM | Molniya | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
| 19 September 16:20 |
Soyuz-U
|
Plesetsk Site 43/3
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Kosmos 2156 (Yantar-4K2)
|
MOM | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 17 November 1991 | Successful | ||
| 26 September 23:43:00 |
Ariane 4 (44P)
|
Kourou ELA-2
|
Arianespace
| ||||
 Anik E1
|
Telesat | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
| 28 September 07:05 |
Tsyklon-3
|
Plesetsk
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Kosmos 2157 (Strela-3)
|
MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
| Kosmos 2158 (Strela-3)
|
MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
| Kosmos 2159 (Strela-3)
|
MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
| Kosmos 2160 (Strela-3)
|
MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
| Kosmos 2161 (Strela-3)
|
MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
| Kosmos 2162 (Strela-3)
|
MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
Octoberedit | |||||||
| 2 October 05:59:38 |
Soyuz-U2
|
Baikonur Site 1/5
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Soyuz TM-13
|
MOM | Low Earth, docked to Mir | Manned orbital flight | 25 March 1992 | Successful | ||
| Last Soviet manned spaceflight | |||||||
| 4 October 18:10:00 |
Soyuz-U
|
Plesetsk Site 43/4
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Foton-4
|
MOM | Low Earth | Biological research | 20 October 1991 | Successful | ||
| 9 October 13:15 |
Soyuz-U2
|
Baikonur Site 1/5
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Kosmos 2163 (Orlets)
|
MOM | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 7 December 1991 | Successful | ||
| 10 October 14:00 |
Kosmos-3M
|
Plesetsk Site 132/1
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Kosmos 2164 (Taifun-1)
|
MO SSSR | Low Earth | Radar calibration | 12 December 1992 | Successful | ||
| 17 October 00:05:25 |
Soyuz-U2
|
Baikonur Site 1/5
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Progress M-10
|
MOM | Low Earth, docked to Mir | Resupply Mir | 20 January 1992 | Successful | ||
| 23 October 15:25:00 |
Proton-K / DM-2
|
Baikonur Site 200/39
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Gorizont-24
|
MOM | Geostationary | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
| 29 October 23:08:08 |
Ariane 4 (44L)
|
Kourou ELA-2
|
Arianespace
| ||||
| Intelsat 601
|
Intelsat | Geostationary | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
Novemberedit | |||||||
| 8 November 07:07 |
Titan IVA (403A)
|
Vandenberg SLC-4E
|
US Air Force
| ||||
| USA-72 (SLDCOM-2)
|
NRO | Medium Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
| USA-74 (NOSS-2-2-A)
|
NRO | Low Earth | Naval Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||
| USA-76 (NOSS-2-2-B)
|
NRO | Low Earth | Naval Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||
| USA-77 (NOSS-2-2-C)
|
NRO | Low Earth | Naval Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||
| 12 November 20:09 |
Tsyklon-3
|
Plesetsk
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Kosmos 2165 (Strela-3)
|
MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
| Kosmos 2166 (Strela-3)
|
MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
| Kosmos 2167 (Strela-3)
|
MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
| Kosmos 2168 (Strela-3)
|
MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
| Kosmos 2169 (Strela-3)
|
MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
| Kosmos 2170 (Strela-3)
|
MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
| 20 November 19:15 |
Soyuz-U
|
Plesetsk Site 43/3
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Kosmos 2171 (Yantar-4K2)
|
MOM | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 17 January 1992 | Successful | ||
| 22 November 13:27:00 |
Proton-K / DM-2
|
Baikonur Site 81/23
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Kosmos 2172 (Potok)
|
MOM | Geostationary | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
| 24 November 23:44:00 |
Space Shuttle Atlantis
|
Kennedy LC-39A
|
United Space Alliance
| ||||
| STS-44
|
NASA | Low Earth | Manned orbital flight | 1 December 1991 | Successful | ||
| DSP-16
|
US Air Force | Low Earth | Missile defence | In orbit | Successful | ||
| 27 November 03:30:26 |
Kosmos-3M
|
Plesetsk Site 133/3
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Kosmos 2173 (Parus)
|
MO SSSR | Low Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Successful | ||
| 28 November 13:23 |
Atlas-E
|
Vandenberg SLC-3W
|
US Air Force
| ||||
| USA-73 (DMSP-11)
|
US Air Force | Low Earth (Sun-synchronous) | Weather | In orbit | Successful | ||
Decemberedit | |||||||
| 7 December 22:47 |
Atlas II
|
Cape Canaveral LC-36B
|
General Dynamics
| ||||
| Eutelsat 2F3
|
Eutelsat
|
Geostationary | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
| 16 December 23:19:48 |
Ariane 4 (44L)
|
Kourou ELA-2
|
Arianespace
| ||||
| Inmarsat 2F3
|
Inmarsat | Geostationary | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
| Télécom 2A
|
France Télécom
|
Geostationary | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
| 17 December 11:00 |
Soyuz-U
|
Baikonur Site 31/6
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Kosmos 2174 (Yantar-1KFT)
|
MOM | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 30 January 1992 | Successful | ||
| 18 December 03:54:00 |
Tsyklon-3
|
Plesetsk
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Interkosmos-25
|
MOM | Medium Earth | Plasma research | In orbit | Successful | ||
| Maigon-3
|
Medium Earth | Magnetosphere research | In orbit | Successful | |||
| Released from Interkosmos-25 on 28 December 1991 | |||||||
| 19 December 11:41:00 |
Proton-K / DM-2
|
Baikonur Site 81/23
|
RVSN
| ||||
| Raduga-28
|
MOM | Geostationary | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||
| Last Soviet orbital launch | |||||||
| 28 December 12:00 |
 Long March 3
|
Xichang LA-1
|
CALT
| ||||
| Chinasat-4
|
Chinasat | Intended: Geosynchronous Achieved: Geostationary transfer |
Communication | In orbit | Partial failure | ||
| Third stage failed to ignite | |||||||
Suborbital launches
edit| Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) |
Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | ||
| Remarks | |||||||
July-Septemberedit | |||||||
| 2 July | Minuteman III
|
Vandenberg LF-10
|
US Air Force
| ||||
| GT-143GM
|
US Air Force | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 2 July 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) | |||||||
| 11 July 17:25 |
Black Brant IX
|
White Sands LC-36
|
NASA
| ||||
| NASA | Sub-orbital | Solar Ultraviolet Astronomy | 11 July 1991 | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi) | |||||||
| 26 July[1] | 79M6 Kontakt
|
MiG-31D, near the Lake Balkhash
|
|||||
|
|
Suborbital | ASAT missile test | 26 July | ||||
| Apogee: about 200 km | |||||||
| 29 July | UGM-133 Trident II (Trident D-5)
|
USS Pennsylvania, ETR
|
US Navy
| ||||
| CET
|
US Navy | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 29 July 1991 | Successful | ||
| CET
|
US Navy | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 29 July 1991 | Successful | ||
| CET
|
US Navy | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 29 July 1991 | Successful | ||
| CET
|
US Navy | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 29 July 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
| July |  Hwasong-6
|
Chiha-ri
|
DPRK
| ||||
| DPRK | Sub-orbital | Missile test | Within an hour of launch | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi) | |||||||
| July | MR-20
|
RV Professor Zubov, Caribbean
|
MO SSSR
| ||||
| MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful | |||
| MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful | |||
| MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful | |||
| MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi) | |||||||
| 1 August 01:40:00 |
Nike Orion
|
 Esrange
|
DLR
| ||||
| TURBO-B
|
DLR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 1 August 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 130 kilometres (81 mi) | |||||||
| 1 August 01:54:00 |
Viper 3A
|
Esrange
|
NASA
| ||||
| PMSE
|
NASA | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 1 August 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 111 kilometres (69 mi) | |||||||
| 1 August 02:03:00 |
Viper 3A
|
Esrange
|
NASA
| ||||
| PMSE
|
NASA | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 1 August 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 112 kilometres (70 mi) | |||||||
| 1 August 02:39:00 |
Viper 3A
|
Esrange
|
NASA
| ||||
| PMSE
|
NASA | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 1 August 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 112 kilometres (70 mi) | |||||||
| 1 August 02:24:00 |
Viper 3A
|
Esrange
|
NASA
| ||||
| PMSE
|
DLR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 1 August 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 115 kilometres (71 mi) | |||||||
| 5 August 23:32:00 |
Viper 3A
|
Esrange
|
NASA
| ||||
| PMSE
|
NASA | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 5 August 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 113 kilometres (70 mi) | |||||||
| 9 August 22:53:00 |
Viper 3A
|
Esrange
|
NASA
| ||||
| PMSE
|
NASA | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 9 August 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 115 kilometres (71 mi) | |||||||
| 9 August 22:39:00 |
Viper 3A
|
Esrange
|
NASA
| ||||
| PMSE
|
NASA | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 9 August 1991 | Failure | ||
| Apogee: 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) | |||||||
| 9 August 23:30:20 |
Black Brant VB
|
Esrange
|
NASA
| ||||
| EFIELD-A
|
NASA | Sub-orbital | Ionosphere | 9 August 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 101 kilometres (63 mi) | |||||||
| 9 August 23:15:00 |
Nike Orion
|
Esrange
|
DLR
| ||||
| TURBO-A
|
DLR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 9 August 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 117 kilometres (73 mi) | |||||||
| 9 August 23:15:15 |
Nike Orion
|
Esrange
|
SSC
| ||||
| DECIMALS-A
|
SSC | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 9 August 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 117 kilometres (73 mi) | |||||||
| 9 August 23:40:00 |
Nike Orion
|
Esrange
|
NASA
| ||||
| PEP-A
|
NASA | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 9 August 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 117 kilometres (73 mi) | |||||||
| 10 August 00:06:00 |
Viper 3A
|
Esrange
|
NASA
| ||||
| PMSE
|
NASA | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 10 August 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 101 kilometres (63 mi) | |||||||
| 10 August 00:24:00 |
Viper 3A
|
Esrange
|
DLR
| ||||
| PMSE
|
Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 10 August 1991 | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 115 kilometres (71 mi) | |||||||
| 10 August 01:37:00 |
Nike Orion
|
Esrange
|
SSC
| ||||
| DECIMALS-B
|
SSC | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 10 August 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 118 kilometres (73 mi) | |||||||
| 10 August 01:42:00 |
Viper 3A
|
Esrange
|
NASA
| ||||
| PMSE
|
NASA | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 10 August 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 117 kilometres (73 mi) | |||||||
| 15 August 12:05 |
UR-100NU
|
Baikonur
|
RVSN
| ||||
| RVSN | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 15 August 1991 | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
| 19 August 22:55 |
RT-2PM Topol
|
Plesetsk
|
RVSN
| ||||
| RVSN | Sub-orbital | Missile test | 19 August 1991 | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
| 20 August 09:45:48 |
Aries
|
Cape Canaveral LC-20
|
BMDO
| ||||
| BMDO | Sub-orbital | Target | 20 August 1991 | Failure | |||
| Apogee: 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) | |||||||
| 30 August | UGM-133 Trident II (Trident D-5)
|
USS Kentucky, ETR
|
US Navy
| ||||
| DASO-7
|
US Navy | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 30 August 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
| August | MR-20
|
Professor Zubov, Caribbean
|
MO SSSR
| ||||
| MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful | |||
| MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful | |||
| MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful | |||
| MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi) | |||||||
| 3 September | Minuteman III
|
Vandenberg LF-04
|
US Air Force
| ||||
| GT-145GM
|
US Air Force | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 3 September 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) | |||||||
| 4 September 05:50 |
Talos-Castor
|
Barking Sands
|
Sandia
| ||||
| Sandia | Sub-orbital | Tungsten dust release | 4 September 1991 | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 330 kilometres (210 mi) | |||||||
| 6 September 21:50 |
Black Brant 8C
|
White Sands
|
NASA
| ||||
| NASA | Sub-orbital | Plasma research | 6 September 1991 | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 148 kilometres (92 mi) | |||||||
| 12 September 05:41 |
Talos-Castor
|
Barking Sands
|
Sandia
| ||||
| Sandia | Sub-orbital | Target | 12 September 1991 | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 330 kilometres (210 mi) | |||||||
| 12 September 12:45 |
R-36MUTTH (SS-18 Mod 4)
|
Baikonur
|
RVSN
| ||||
| RVSN | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 12 September 1991 | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
| 15 September 23:00 |
TR-1A
|
Tanegashima
|
NASDA
| ||||
| NASDA | Sub-orbital | Microgravity | 15 September 1991 | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 270 kilometres (170 mi) | |||||||
| 17 September 10:20 |
R-36M2 Voevoda (SS-18 Mod 5)
|
Baikonur
|
RVSN
| ||||
| RVSN | Sub-orbital | Missile test | 17 September 1991 | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
| 17 September 23:43 |
Nike Orion
|
 Andøya
|
DLR
| ||||
| Turbo-Metal
|
DLR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 17 September 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi) | |||||||
| 17 September | LGM-118 Peacekeeper
|
Vandenberg LF-02
|
US Air Force
| ||||
| US Air Force | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 17 September 1991 | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
| 20 September 20:48 |
Nike Orion
|
Andøya
|
DLR
| ||||
| Turbo-Metal
|
DLR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 20 September 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi) | |||||||
| 20 September 22:40 |
Nike Orion
|
Andøya
|
DLR
| ||||
| Turbo-Metal
|
DLR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 20 September 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi) | |||||||
| 30 September 20:55:15 |
Nike Orion
|
Andøya
|
DLR
| ||||
| Turbo-Metal
|
DLR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 30 September 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi) | |||||||
| September | MR-20
|
Professor Zubov, Caribbean
|
MO SSSR
| ||||
| MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful | |||
| MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful | |||
| MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful | |||
| MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi) | |||||||
October-Decemberedit | |||||||
| 2 October 15:50 |
RT-2PM Topol
|
Plesetsk
|
RVSN
| ||||
| RVSN | Sub-orbital | Missile test | 2 October 1991 | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
| 3 October 22:27:30 |
Nike Orion
|
Andøya
|
DLR
| ||||
| Turbo-Metal
|
DLR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 3 October 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi) | |||||||
| 4 October 00:08 |
Nike Orion
|
Andøya
|
DLR
| ||||
| Turbo-Metal
|
DLR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 4 October 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi) | |||||||
| 10 October 11:05 |
R-36M2 Voevoda (SS-18 Mod 5)
|
Baikonur
|
RVSN
| ||||
| RVSN | Sub-orbital | Missile test | 10 October 1991 | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
| 14 October 10:17:20 |
Aries
|
Cape Canaveral LC-20
|
BMDO
| ||||
| BMDO | Sub-orbital | Target | 14 October 1991 | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 320 kilometres (200 mi) | |||||||
| 30 October |  Jericho I
|
Negev Desert
|
IDF
| ||||
| IDF | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 30 October 1991 | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
| October | MR-20
|
Professor Zubov, Caribbean
|
MO SSSR
| ||||
| MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful | |||
| MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful | |||
| MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful | |||
| MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi) | |||||||
| 4 November | UGM-133 Trident II (Trident D-5)
|
USS Kentucky, ETR
|
US Navy
| ||||
| DASO-8
|
US Navy | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 4 November 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
| 11 November 10:19 |
Minuteman III
|
Vandenberg LF-09
|
US Air Force
| ||||
| GT-146GM
|
US Air Force | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 11 November 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) | |||||||
| 11 November | UGM-133 Trident II (Trident D-5)
|
USS Pennsylvania, ETR
|
US Navy
| ||||
| CET
|
US Navy | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 11 November 1991 | Successful | ||
| CET
|
US Navy | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 11 November 1991 | Successful | ||
| CET
|
US Navy | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 11 November 1991 | Successful | ||
| CET
|
US Navy | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 11 November 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
| 16 November 15:30 |
Black Brant 9CM1
|
White Sands LC-36
|
SSI
| ||||
| CONSORT-4
|
SSI | Sub-orbital | Microgravity | 16 November 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 298 kilometres (185 mi) | |||||||
| 20 November 08:05 |
R-36M2 Voevoda (SS-18 Mod 5)
|
Baikonur
|
RVSN
| ||||
| RVSN | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 20 November 1991 | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
| 23 November 09:40 |
Skylark 7
|
Esrange LA-S
|
MBB
| ||||
| TEXUS-28
|
MBB | Sub-orbital | Microgravity | 23 November 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 239 kilometres (149 mi) | |||||||
| 26 November 02:30 |
UR-100NU
|
Baikonur
|
RVSN
| ||||
| RVSN | Sub-orbital | Test spacecraft | 26 November 1991 | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
| 28 November 07:10 |
R-36M2 Voevoda (SS-18 Mod 5)
|
Baikonur
|
RVSN
| ||||
| RVSN | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 28 November 1991 | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
| 6 December 00:54 |
Taurus-Nike-Tomahawk
|
Wallops Island
|
NASA
| ||||
| RED AIR 2
|
NASA | Sub-orbital | Plasma research | 6 December 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 346 kilometres (215 mi) | |||||||
| 6 December 01:19 |
Taurus-Nike-Tomahawk
|
NASA
|
Wallops Island
| ||||
| RED AIR 2
|
NASA | Sub-orbital | Plasma research | 6 December 1991 | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 346 kilometres (215 mi) | |||||||
| 20 December 21:31 |
Rokot
|
 Baikonur
|
RVSN
| ||||
| RVSN | Sub-orbital | Test spacecraft | 20 December 1991 | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
| December | Volna
|
Submarine
|
VMF
| ||||
| VMF | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | Within an hour of launch | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
| December | Zyb
|
Submarine
|
VMF
| ||||
| Sprint
|
VMF | Sub-orbital | Technology demonstration | Within an hour of launch | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
References
edit- Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
- Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
- Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.[dead link]
- Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
- Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
- Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
- Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
- Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
- Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
- "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
- "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
- "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.[dead link]
- "Space Information Center". JAXA.[dead link]
- "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
Footnotes
edit- ^ "MiG-31D 07-2". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 17 August 2024.