1S-LSD (1-(3-(trimethylsilyl)propionyl)-lysergic acid diethylamide) is a psychotropic substance and research chemical belonging to the lysergamide class. It is the trimethylsilyl derivative of 1P-LSD and functions as a prodrug and functional analogue of LSD.[1] 1S-LSD was developed in response to legal restrictions on similar compounds, such as 1D-LSD, which were banned in Germany under the NpSG law in June 2024.[2][3]
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| Formula | C26H37N3O2Si |
| Molar mass | 451.686 g·mol−1 |
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The compound was introduced as a legal alternative by incorporating a trimethylsilyl group, which is not covered under current NpSG regulations. This chemical modification allows 1S-LSD to be legally sold in Germany as of September 2024. It is typically distributed in its hemi-D-tartrate form, a common format for lysergamides due to its stability and ease of use.[2]
Chemistry
edit1S-LSD belongs to the lysergamide class of compounds, which are characterized by the ergoline structure derived from lysergic acid. The compound is closely related to LSD and 1P-LSD but differs by the addition of a trimethylsilyl group on the propionyl chain.
The nitrogen atom in the polycyclic indole group of the ergoline structure is a common site for chemical modifications, as it is highly reactive and accessible for various reactions. These modifications often include alkylations, acylations, Mannich reactions, and Michael additions. Such alterations are frequently explored in the synthesis of new analogues to modify pharmacological properties or evade legal controls. The addition of the trimethylsilyl group in 1S-LSD represents a strategic modification designed to keep the substance outside the coverage of Germany's New Psychoactive Substances Act (NpSG). Despite these changes, 1S-LSD likely retains a pharmacological profile similar to that of LSD, acting primarily as a serotonergic hallucinogen.[4][5][6]
Pharmacology
editWhile specific studies on 1S-LSD are limited due to its recent introduction, it is presumed to share pharmacological properties with LSD and its analogues. These substances typically act as partial agonists at serotonin receptors, particularly the 5-HT2a receptor, which is responsible for their hallucinogenic effects. The addition of the trimethylsilyl group in 1S-LSD is thought to slightly alter its binding affinity and metabolic profile, although empirical data is still needed.[7]
Legal Status
editGermany
editAs of August 2024, 1S-LSD remains legal in Germany, primarily due to the fact that its unique silicon-containing structural alteration circumvent the legislative controls imposed by the NpSG law. The legal status of 1S-LSD in Germany is likely subject to change with future amendments to the NpSG, similarly to its previously banned sister compounds 1V-LSD and 1D-LSD. However, it is anticipated that 1S-LSD will remain legal at least until mid-2025.[2][3]
Other Countries
editThe legal status of 1S-LSD outside of Germany is not well-documented. Given its structural similarity to LSD, it may be considered a controlled substance analogue in jurisdictions like the United States, where laws like the Federal Analogue Act could apply. Potential users and researchers should verify the legal status of 1S-LSD in their respective countries before acquisition or use.[7]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ WO 2024028495, Stratford A, Williamson JP, "Prodrugs of Substituted Ergolines", published 8 February 2024, assigned to Synex Holdings BV
- ^ a b c "1S-LSD – the new legal LSD-derivative". LSD-Legal. July 3, 2024. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- ^ a b "1D-LSD ban from 14.06.2024". Acid Berlin. June 14, 2024. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- ^ Bicalho, Bianco (April 22, 2022). "Towards Asymmetric Mannich Reactions and Alkylation of Indoles". Honors Theses. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- ^ "Enantioselective Organocatalytic Indole Alkylations". Macmillan Research Publications. 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- ^ "Michael Additions and Related Reactions". Michigan State University. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- ^ a b "LSD and Its Structural Derivatives". Cayman Chemical. August 2024. Retrieved August 17, 2024.