Wikipedia

2020s in electoral politics

See also: List of elections in 2020
See also: Category:2020s elections

2020s in electoral politics refers to events and outcomes from elections all around the world, during the decade of the 2020s.

Africa

edit

Benin

edit

Presidential elections were held in Benin on 11 April 2021 to elect the President of the Republic of Benin for a five-year term. Incumbent president Patrice Talon was re-elected for a second term in office with 86% of the vote.[1]

Burkina Faso

edit

General elections were held in Burkina Faso on 22 November 2020 to elect the President and National Assembly.[2] In the presidential elections, incumbent president Roch Marc Christian Kaboré of the People's Movement for Progress was re-elected in the first round with 57.9% of the vote, avoiding the need for second round. The main campaign focus of the major presidential candidates was the growing insecurity in the country with the rise in terrorism and ethnic violence.[3]

Burundi

edit

General elections were held in Burundi on 20 May 2020 to elect both the president and the National Assembly.[4] Évariste Ndayishimiye of the ruling CNDD–FDD was elected president with 71% of the vote. In the National Assembly elections, the CNDD–FDD won 72 of the 100 elected seats. The Conference of Bishops of Burundi issued a statement criticizing the transparency and freedom of the election process. The church deployed around 2,716 observers across Burundi's 119 municipalities. The conference's observers witnessed intimidation and expulsion of opposition observers from the polling and vote counting stations. The church condemned the ruling party for engaging in national election fraud.[5][6] The East African Community issued a statement saying that "The 2020 Burundi elections hold an iconic place in the history of the nation, marking this the first peaceful and democratic transfer of power. More significantly, the process was domestically driven through own funding. The peaceful conclusion of the electoral process will not only be a big win for the people of Burundi, but for the East African Community as a region."[7]

Cameroon

edit

Parliamentary elections were held in Cameroon on 9 February 2020.[8] The Cameroon People's Democratic Movement retained its majority in parliament, winning 139 of the 167 seats decided on election day. The ongoing Anglophone Crisis dominated the process, with supporters of Ambazonia calling for a boycott of the election. Ensuing violence resulted in a low turnout in the Northwest Region and Southwest Region, with separatists claiming that 98 percent of eligible voters had boycotted the election.[9]

Cape Verde

edit

Parliamentary elections were held in Cape Verde on 18 April 2021. The current prime minister, Ulisses Correia e Silva of the Christian democrat Movement for Democracy (MpD) party, won re-election after five years of government.[10] His main contender was Janira Hopffer Almada, of the moderate socialist African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV). The two parties have been the dominant political forces in Cape Verde since its democratization, but several new parties were taking part in the election.[11]

Comoros

edit

Legislative elections were held in the Comoros on 19 January 2020; in constituencies where no candidate received a majority, a second round was held alongside local elections on 23 February. The elections were boycotted by the main opposition parties, including the two largest parties in the outgoing parliament, the Union for the Development of the Comoros and Juwa Party, in protest at constitutional reform and political repression,[12][13][14] The result was a landslide victory for President Azali Assoumani's Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros, which won 20 of the 24 elected seats.

Cote d’Ivoire

edit

Presidential elections were held in Ivory Coast on 31 October 2020. The election, boycotted by the opposition, saw the reelection of incumbent Alassane Ouattara. Several people were killed in clashes in Toumodi,[15] as well as Tiébissou.[16]

Djibouti

edit

Presidential elections were held in Djibouti on 9 April 2021.[17] Incumbent president Ismaïl Omar Guelleh was re-elected for his fifth five-year term, having served in the role since 1999.[18]

Ghana

edit

General elections were held in Ghana on 7 December 2020. Incumbent president Nana Akufo-Addo of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) was re-elected in the first round after securing a majority of the votes.[19] Former president John Dramani Mahama said he would contest the results.[20]

Guinea

edit

Parliamentary elections were held in Guinea on 22 March 2020 alongside a constitutional referendum,[21][22][23] after being postponed four times from the original date of January 2019.[24][25][26][27][28][29] The 2020 Guinean presidential election resulted in a third term for President Alpha Condé, with protests against him resulting in at least 30 deaths according to the opposition.[30]

Mali

edit

Parliamentary elections were held in Mali on 29 March 2020, with a second round on 19 April.[31] They were initially scheduled to be held on 25 November and 16 December 2018,[32] but were moved to April 2019 and then to June 2019,[33][34] before being postponed until 2020 by the Council of Ministers.[35] The elections were marred by violence in the north and center of the country.[36]

Incidents on April 19 prevented some people from casting votes, and on 30 April the Constitutional Court overturned the results in 31 districts, giving Rally for Mali, which is led by President Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, ten more seats than originally expected.[37] Opposition parties led by Iman Mahmoud Dicko established the Mouvement du 5 juin - Rassemblement des forces patriotiques (in French) (June 5 Movement - Rally of Patriotic Forces) on 30 May, and thousands took to the streets in protest on 5 June.[37]

Boubou Cisse was reappointed prime minister on 11 June, when he was instructed to form a new government.[37] Tens of thousands of Malians protested again on 19 June, demanding the resignation of President Keïta.[38] On June 20, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) called for new elections to be held.[38]

President Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta and Imam Mahmoud Dicko met on 5 July,[39] but the opposition continued to call for civil disobedience to force Keïta's resignation and the dissolution of Parliament.[37] Protests turned violent on 10 July.[37] For the next three days, protesters in Bamako clashed with security forces,[40] and security forces reportedly fired live rounds at the protesters, killing at least 11 and injuring 124.[41]

Nigeria

edit
See also: 2023 Nigerian elections
This section is an excerpt from 2023 Nigerian presidential election.[edit]

The 2023 Nigerian presidential election was held on 25 February 2023[a] to elect the president and vice president of Nigeria.[42] Bola Tinubu, the former governor of Lagos State and nominee of the All Progressives Congress won the election with 36.61% of the vote, just under 8.8 million votes to defeat over runners-up former vice president Atiku Abubakar (Peoples Democratic Party) and former governor of Anambra State Peter Obi (Labour Party). Other federal elections, including elections to the House of Representatives and the Senate, held on the same date while state elections were held on 18 March.[42] The inauguration was held on 29 May 2023.[43]

Party primaries were conducted between 4 April and 9 June 2022 with the Peoples Democratic Party nominating Abubakar on 28 May while the All Progressives Congress nominated Tinubu on 8 June.[44][45] For the Labour Party and New Nigeria Peoples Party, Obi was nominated on 30 May and former Governor of Kano State Rabiu Kwankwaso was nominated on 8 June, respectively.[46][47] In the weeks after the primaries, vice presidential running mates were announced with Abubakar choosing Governor Ifeanyi Okowa on 16 June while his main opponents initially selected placeholder running mates before later substituting in substantive nominees.[48][49][50] Obi selected former Senator Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed on 8 July, Tinubu picked Senator Kashim Shettima on 10 July, and Kwankwaso chose pastor Isaac Idahosa on 14 July.[51][52]

Issues surrounding the election included corruption, insecurity, the state of the economy, and national unity. Additionally, there was considerable focus on the impact of identity — ethnic, regional, and religious — throughout the campaign.

The general election was noted by initially high projected turnout and lack of a peaceful voting process. It was marred by reports of vote buying, voter intimidation, attacks on polling units in certain areas, and unpunctual electoral officials along with accusations of outright fraud;[53][54] to compound issues with trust in the election, Independent National Electoral Commission officials failed to upload polling unit results to the INEC result viewing portal as previously assured would happen on election day.[55][56][57] As state results started to be announced on 26 February at the national collation centre in Abuja, opposition emerged as results data had still not been fully uploaded prior to their announcement in accordance with the law.[58][59] These circumstances along with statements critical of INEC from observers and civil society groups led the Abubakar, Obi, and Kwankwaso campaigns to question and then officially reject the announced election results by 28 February.[60][61][62][63] All three main opposition campaigns, in addition to some civil society groups and former President Olusegun Obasanjo, called on the commission to rerun the election due to fraud and violence.[64][65][66][67][68] Meanwhile, the Tinubu campaign praised the commission and called for the arrest of PDP spokesmen for "incitement of violence."[69] In the early morning of 1 March, INEC chairman Mahmood Yakubu declared Tinubu as the victory after all state results were collated.[70] In response, Abubakar, Obi, and Kwankwaso rejected and vowed to challenge the results.[71][72][73][74]

Seychelles

edit

General elections were held in Seychelles on 22–24 October 2020 to elect the President and members of the National Assembly.[75] The National Assembly elections had been due in 2021,[76] but in July 2020 were brought forward by President Danny Faure in order to hold them together with the presidential elections, a proposal supported by opposition parties.[77][78]

The presidential elections were won by Wavel Ramkalawan of the Linyon Demokratik Seselwa (LDS), with the LDS also increasing its majority in the National Assembly, winning 25 of the 35 seats.

Somalia

edit
This section is an excerpt from 2022 Somali presidential election.[edit]

Presidential elections were held in Somalia in 15 May 2022.[79] The election was held indirectly and after the elections for the House of the People, which began on 1 November 2021 and ended on 13 April 2022.[80]

The elections were first scheduled to end on 24 December 2021.[81][82][83][84] By 25 December, only 24 of 275 representatives had been elected and the ongoing political crisis further complicated matters.[84] The incumbent president, Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed, had been in office since the February 2017 election and his term expired on 8 February 2021; however, it was extended until after the elections would be completed.[85] On 10 January 2022, Somali leaders announced they struck a deal to complete presidential and parliamentary elections by 25 February, after repeated delays that have threatened the stability of the country. The agreement was reached after several days of talks, hosted by Roble, with state leaders aimed at ending an impasse over the polls.[86] On 25 February, the presidential election was further postponed to 15 March.[87] On 15 March, the presidential election was again further postponed to 31 March in order to complete the election of the House of the People.[88] On 13 April, the election of the House of the People was completed.[80] The presidential elections date was thereafter set for 15 May. The International Monetary Fund threatened that Somalia would lose access to a three-year $400-million aid package if a new administration was not in place by the end of May.[89]

After three rounds, involving 38 candidates, parliamentary officials counted more than 165 votes in favour of Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, more than the number required to defeat the incumbent president. He was declared president in a peaceful transition of power after the incumbent president conceded defeat and congratulated the victor.[90] Celebratory gunfire rang out in parts of Mogadishu.[91] The United Nations in Somalia welcomed the conclusion of the election, praising the “positive” nature of the electoral process and peaceful transfer of power.[92]

Tanzania

edit

General elections were held in Tanzania on 28 October 2020 to elect the President and National Assembly.[93] The presidential election was won by incumbent John Magufuli of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi party.[94] On 24 October 2020 the opposition claimed that the government was interfering in the election by making it more difficult to accredit thousands of opposition electoral observers, whose job is to ensure that the election is fair.[95] The opposition has also claimed that the National Electoral Commission, whose members are appointed by the president, have barred the challenger Lissu from campaigning while letting the incumbent Magufuli campaign.[96] From 27 October, the Tanzania Communication Regulatory Authority (TCRA) blocked several popular social media websites to restrict communication amid violence in the islands of Zanzibar, where dozens have been shot dead and tens have been injured by the police and other security forces.[95] Tanzania electoral watch panel,[97] USA State Department,[98] Commonwealth,[99] and European Union[100] were very critical about the elections.

Togo

edit

Presidential elections were held in Togo on 22 February 2020.[101] Incumbent president Faure Gnassingbé of the Union for the Republic (UPR) was re-elected for his fourth term with 71% of the vote in the first round.[102] His closest challenger was Agbéyomé Kodjo, a former prime minister and leader of the newly established Patriotic Movement for Democracy and Development, who received 19% of the vote.

After observing the elections, ECOWAS determined that they were free and transparent, commending the population for its peaceful participation as an improvement from protests years prior against the long reign of the Gnassingbe family.[103] However, sporadic internet shutdowns were recorded across the capital and other major cities, prompting both international watchdogs and opposition parties to question the results.[104]

On 25 February Kodjo filed a petition at the Constitutional Court asking it to overturn the results.[105] Three days later, he and Kpodzro called for public protests, resulting in the military surrounding their homes and the Ministry of Territorial Administration stating that protests would be illegal.[105] Members of the National Assembly responded by accusing Kodjo of planning a coup.[106]

Asia

edit

Azerbaijan

edit

Parliamentary elections were held in Azerbaijan on 9 February 2020.[107] They were originally scheduled to take place in November 2020,[108] but were brought forward after parliament was dissolved in December 2019.[107] Opposition parties accused President Ilham Aliyev of limiting their ability to campaign, and called for a boycott of the election. The ruling New Azerbaijan Party retained its majority, winning 72 of the 125 seats, although this was later reduced to 70 when results in two constituencies were annulled. The second largest party (the Civic Solidarity Party) won only three seats.

China

edit

On 23 October 2022, Xi Jinping is elected as General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party by the Central Committee, beginning a third term of the paramount leader of China.[109]

India

edit

Droupadi Murmu became President of India on 25 July 2022. She was the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) nominee and defeated the United Opposition nominee and former minister of finance, Yashwant Sinha. Prior to being the presidential nominee, she was the Governor of Jharkhand and a minister in Odisha Government.

The premiership of Narendra Modi began on 26 May 2014 with his swearing-in as the Prime Minister of India at the Rashtrapati Bhavan. He became the 14th Prime Minister of India,[110] succeeding Manmohan Singh of the Indian National Congress. Modi's first cabinet consisted of 45 ministers, 25 fewer than the previous United Progressive Alliance government.[111] 21 ministers were added to the council of ministers on 9 November 2014.

In 2019, he was elected as the prime minister of India for the second time and sworn in at the Rashtrapati Bhavan on 30 May 2019.[112] His second cabinet consisted of 54 ministers[113] and initially had 51 ministers, which was expanded to 77 ministers during a reshuffle on 7 July 2021.[114] His premiership has, to a considerable extent, practiced high command culture.[115]

Some media accuse India has experienced democratic backsliding under his premiership,[116] however this claim is denied by other sources.[117][118]

Japan

edit

On 29 September 2021, Fumio Kishida defeated Taro Kono in a runoff vote to become the leader of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and replaced outgoing party leader Yoshihide Suga. He received a total of 257 votes, from 249 parliament members and eight rank-and-file members, to become Japan's next prime minister.[119] Kishida's Cabinet, which took office on 4 October 2021, consists of 21 members, including 13 who joined the Cabinet for the first time while also including 2 veterans, Toshimitsu Motegi and Nobuo Kishi who retained their respective posts from the previous cabinet under Suga.[120] Kishida announced he would call a general election for 31 October 2021.[121]

Mongolia

edit

Parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 24 June 2020.[122][123] The result was a victory for the ruling Mongolian People's Party, which won 62 of the 76 seats, a slight decrease from the 65 won in the 2016 elections. The Prime Minister Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh resigned on 27 January 2021 following a minor protest against the mistreatment of a hospital patient.[124]

Myanmar

edit

General elections were held in Myanmar on 8 November 2020, in which the National League for Democracy won 396 out of 476 seats in parliament, while the military's proxy party, the Union Solidarity and Development Party, won only 33 seats.[125] In the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, democratically elected members of the ruling National League for Democracy were detained and/or deposed from their offices by the Tatmadaw; Myanmar's military.

North Korea

edit

At the 8th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea, Kim Jong-un was elected as the General Secretary of the ruling Workers' Party of Korea, inheriting the title from his late father Kim Jong-il, who died in 2011.[126]

South Korea

edit

South Korea's 21st legislative elections were held on 15 April 2020. All 300 members of the National Assembly were elected, 253 from first-past-the-post constituencies and 47 from proportional party lists. They were the first elections held under the new electoral system.[127] The two largest parties, the liberal Democratic Party and the conservative United Future Party, set up new satellite parties (also known as bloc parties) to take advantage of the revised electoral system. The reforms also lowered the voting age from 19 to 18.

The Democratic Party and its satellite, the Platform Party, won a landslide victory, taking 180 of the 300 seats (60%) between them.[128] The Democratic Party alone won 163 seats — the highest number by any party since 1960. This guarantees the ruling liberal alliance an absolute majority in the legislative chamber, and the three-fifths supermajority required to fast-track its procedures. The conservative alliance between the United Future Party and its satellite Future Korea Party won only 103 seats, the worst conservative result since 1960.

Sri Lanka

edit

Parliamentary elections in Sri Lanka were held on 5 August 2020 to elect 225 members to Sri Lanka's 16th Parliament.[129][130][131] The incumbent Sri Lanka People's Freedom Alliance coalition claimed a landslide victory in the election, winning 145 seats,[132][133][134] while Samagi Jana Balawegaya won 54 seats, Tamil National Alliance won 10 seats and National People's Power won 3 seats.[135][136][137] The main opposition United National Party suffered the worst showing in its history following a split over party leadership, finishing in fourth place with only one seat.[138] The election was postponed at least twice due to a surge in COVID-19 cases in the country, before the date was finalized as 5 August 2020.[139][140]

Tajikistan

edit

Parliamentary elections were held in Tajikistan on 1 March 2020.[141] The result was a landslide victory for the ruling People's Democratic Party, which won 47 of the 63 seats. The only opposition party, the Social Democratic Party, received just 0.3% of the vote.[142] The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe was critical of the election.[142]

Vietnam

edit

On 31 January 2021, Nguyễn Phú Trọng is re-elected for a third five-year term as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam.[143]

Europe

edit

Albania

edit

Parliamentary elections were held in Albania on 25 April 2021.[144] The Socialist Party of Albania retained its majority.

Czech Republic

edit
This section is an excerpt from 2023 Czech presidential election.[edit]

Presidential elections were held in the Czech Republic in January 2023, resulting in the election of Petr Pavel. Incumbent president Miloš Zeman was not eligible to run due to the two-term limit.

The first round took place on 13 and 14 January. Petr Pavel, former chair of the NATO Military Committee, ran as an independent on a pro-Western, pro-European platform,[145] and was one of three candidates backed by the centre-right governing alliance Spolu.[146] He won the first round of the election with 35.40% of the popular vote, ahead of Andrej Babiš, the former Czech prime minister running as the candidate of ANO 2011, who finished second with 34.99%.[147] Babiš had expressed opposition to Czech support for Ukraine after the Russian invasion and was characterised in the media as using populist rhetoric.[148][149] For the runoff, Pavel was backed by most eliminated candidates and by the incumbent prime minister Petr Fiala, while Babiš received an endorsement from the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia[150] and the outgoing president Zeman.[151]

The second round was held on 27 and 28 January. Pavel won the runoff against Babiš with 58.33% of the vote to become the Czech Republic president-elect. He assumed office on 9 March 2023, replacing Zeman.[152][153] Babiš conceded defeat and congratulated Pavel.[154] Voter turnout in the second round was a little above 70%, the highest in a direct Czech presidential election and the highest in any national Czech election since 1998.[155]

The campaign was widely described in the media as divisive. The outcome of the election was viewed as a sign of support for the West in the context of the War in Ukraine,[156] and is expected to strengthen Czech ties with the European Union and the United States.[157]

Croatia

edit

The presidential elections' second round took place on 5 January 2020 between the two candidates with the highest number of votes in the first round. Zoran Milanović won the second round with 52.66% of the vote. The 2020 Croatian parliamentary election took place on 5 July 2020.[158] The ruling HDZ obtained an upset victory over the Restart Coalition, who had previously been leading in opinion polls for several weeks prior to the elections.

Estonia

edit
This section is an excerpt from 2023 Estonian parliamentary election.[edit]

Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia on 5 March 2023 to elect all 101 members of the Riigikogu. The officially published election data indicate the victory of the Reform Party, which won 37 seats in total, while the Conservative People's Party of Estonia (EKRE) placed second with 17 seats. The Centre Party won 16 seats, a loss of 10, while Estonia 200 won 14 seats, gaining representation in the Riigikogu.

After the previous parliamentary election in 2019, the Centre Party, led by Jüri Ratas, formed a government with Ratas serving as prime minister. His government was brought down in January 2021 after a corruption investigation, and Kaja Kallas of the Reform Party formed a coalition government with the Centre Party, which collapsed in June 2022. Kallas then formed a government with Isamaa and the Social Democratic Party and remained in the position of prime minister.

In January 2023, the National Electoral Committee announced that nine political parties and ten individual candidates had registered to take part in the 2023 parliamentary election. During the campaign period, issues discussed most extensively regarded the Estonian economy, and the country's national defence and security due to the current Russian invasion of Ukraine. Individuals from contesting political parties also participated in multiple organised debates in January and February 2023. Voting at foreign embassies for Estonians outside the country took place from 18 to 23 February, while Estonian residents could vote during the pre-election period from 27 February to 4 March.

These were the first national elections where more than half of the votes were cast electronically over the Internet. Following the election, EKRE submitted an appeal to the Supreme Court of Estonia, requesting that the results be annulled and claiming that "anomalies and technical errors in the e-voting process had been observed", though the appeal was later dismissed. Reform successfully negotiated afterward with the Social Democratic Party and Estonia 200, forming a government headed by Kallas in April.

Greece

edit

Presidential elections were held in Greece on Wednesday 22 January 2020 for the President of the Hellenic Republic. Incumbent president Prokopis Pavlopoulos, who was elected by the Hellenic Parliament on the 18 February 2015, was eligible for re-election but was not suggested by the government. Katerina Sakellaropoulou won the election with 261 votes. She was elected as the 13th and first female President of Greece.[159]

Iceland

edit

Presidential elections were held in Iceland on 27 June 2020.[160] Absentee voting opened on 25 May 2020.[161] Incumbent president Guðni Th. Jóhannesson was re-elected with 92% of the vote.

Ireland

edit

The 2020 Irish general election resulted in a historic win for the Sinn Féin, making it the second largest party of the Dáil Éireann.[162] The result was seen as a historic shift in Ireland's political landscape, effectively ending the two-party system of Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil.[163] The reason for the electoral upset for these parties was believed to be in voter dissatisfaction on issues of health, housing and homelessness.[164] Sinn Féin won 37 seats, Fianna Fáil won 38, and Fine Gael won 35.[165] Seán Ó Fearghaíl was re-elected to Ceann Comhairle at the first sitting of the 33rd Dáil on 20 February 2020.[166][167]

Italy

edit
This section is an excerpt from 2022 Italian general election.[edit]

The 2022 Italian general election was a snap election held in Italy on 25 September 2022. After the fall of the Draghi government, which led to a parliamentary impasse, President Sergio Mattarella dissolved Parliament on 21 July, and called for new elections.[168] Regional elections in Sicily were held on the same day. The results of the general election showed the centre-right coalition led by Giorgia Meloni's Brothers of Italy, a right-wing political party with neo-fascist roots,[169][170][171] winning an absolute majority of seats in the Italian Parliament.[172] Meloni was appointed Prime Minister of Italy on 22 October, becoming the first woman to hold the office.[173]

In a record-low voter turnout,[172][174][175] Meloni's party became the largest in Parliament with 26% of the vote;[176] as per the pre-election agreement among the centre-right coalition parties, she became the prime ministerial candidate supported by the winning coalition.[172] The League and Forza Italia suffered losses, polling 8% each, and Us Moderates polled below 1%. The centre-left coalition slightly improved its 2018 results in terms of vote share and seats in percentage with the Democratic Party polling 19% and the Greens and Left Alliance passing the 3% threshold; More Europe and Civic Commitment failed to reach the election threshold. The Five Star Movement defied single-digit polls before the campaign and reached 15%. The Action – Italia Viva alliance polled 7%. Among the others to be represented in Parliament were two regionalist parties: South calls North and the South Tyrolean People's Party. Due to the Rosatellum and its mixed electoral system using parallel voting, the centre-right coalition was able to win an absolute majority of seats, despite receiving 44% of the votes, by winning 83% of the single-member districts under the first-past-the-post of the system.[177][178][179]

As a result of the 2020 Italian constitutional referendum, the size of Parliament was reduced to 400 members of the Chamber of Deputies and 200 members of the Senate of the Republic to be elected, down from 630 and 315, respectively.[180][181] In addition, the minimum voting age for the Senate was the same as for the Chamber (18 years old and no longer 25), which marked the first time the two houses had identical electorates.[182]

Observers commented that the results shifted the geopolitics of the European Union, following right wing populist and far-right gains in France, Spain, and Sweden.[183][184][185][186] It was also noted that the election outcome would mark Italy's first far-right-led government and the country's most right-wing government since 1945.[175][187][188] The newly elected legislature was seated on 13 October, and proceeded to elect Ignazio La Russa, a known admirer of Benito Mussolini, and Lorenzo Fontana, a strong opponent of LGBT rights, as President of the Senate and of the Chamber of Deputies respectively.[189][190] The Meloni Cabinet was sworn in on 22 October,[191][192] and received parliamentary approval through two votes of confidence (one in each House of Parliament) a few days thereafter.[193][194][195]

Moldova

edit

The 2020 Moldovan presidential election was won by Maia Sandu becoming the first female president and promising reform of the country's corruption.[196] After entering office, she demanded the withdrawal of Russian troops from Transnistria.[197]

North Macedonia

edit

Early parliamentary elections were held in North Macedonia on 15 July 2020.[198] It was originally scheduled for November 2020, but Prime Minister Zoran Zaev called early elections after the European Council failed to come to an agreement on starting talks with North Macedonia on joining the European Union in October 2019. The election date was set for 12 April, but was postponed until July due to the COVID-19 pandemic in North Macedonia.[199]

Poland

edit

The 2020 Polish presidential election was completed with a second round of voting on 12 July 2020. The first round of voting was held on 28 June 2020. The incumbent president Andrzej Duda, running with the support of Law and Justice,[200] faced off against Civic Platform vice-chairman and Mayor of Warsaw Rafał Trzaskowski after first round results showed Duda with 43.5% of the vote and Trzaskowski with 30.46%. Results from the second round of voting, announced by the National Electoral Commission (PKW) on 13 July, indicated that Andrzej Duda had won with 51.03% compared to Rafał Trzaskowski's 48.97%.[201]

Portugal

edit

Legislative elections in 2022 resulted in the Socialist Party winning an unexpected majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the second time in the party's history.[202] Incumbent Prime Minister António Costa returned to the post until his resignation, triggering snap elections in 2024.[203]

This section is an excerpt from 2024 Portuguese legislative election.[edit]

Snap legislative elections were held on 10 March 2024 to elect members of the Assembly of the Republic to the 16th Legislature of Portugal. All 230 seats to the Assembly of the Republic were up for election. The elections were called in November 2023 after Prime Minister António Costa's resignation following an investigation around alleged corruption involving the award of contracts for lithium and hydrogen businesses.[204]

No party achieved an absolute majority of seats, with the centre-right Democratic Alliance (AD) led by Luís Montenegro winning 80 seats, closely followed by the Socialist Party (PS), which lost the absolute majority it had gained in the 2022 elections, and was reduced to 78 seats. The election also saw the surge of the right-wing populist Chega party as the third-largest party in parliament, more than quadrupling its previous seat count to 50 seats. Turnout in the election was at 59.9 percent, the highest since 2005, and in Portugal alone, turnout rose to 66.2%, the highest rate since 1995.

The leader of the largest party, Luís Montenegro, would go on to form a centre-right minority government ending nearly a decade of rule by the Socialist Party.

Romania

edit

The 2020 parliamentary election had a record low turnout of 31.84 percent due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the ruling centre-right coalition winning the election, and the far-right Alliance for the Union of Romanians entering the legislature for the first time boosted by vaccine skepticism.[205]

Serbia

edit

Parliamentary elections were held in Serbia on 21 June 2020.[206] Initially organised for 26 April 2020,[207] they were postponed by a state of emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the country.[208] In the period before the elections, inter-party European Parliament–mediated dialogue was held and certain changes in election legislation were made. Numerous parliamentary and non-parliamentary political parties boycotted the elections, including the major opposition coalition Alliance for Serbia, which said that there were no conditions for free and fair elections. This resulted in the lowest turnout since the establishment of a multi-party system in 1990.[209] The Serbian Progressive Party–led coalition won one of the largest parliamentary majorities in Europe.

Slovakia

edit

Parliamentary elections were held in Slovakia on 29 February 2020 to elect all 150 members of the National Council. The anti-corruption movement Ordinary People (OĽaNO) led by Igor Matovič emerged as the largest party, winning 53 seats. The ruling coalition comprising Direction – Social Democracy (Smer–SD), the Slovak National Party (SNS) and Most–Híd, led by Prime Minister Peter Pellegrini of Smer–SD, won only 38, with both the SNS and Most–Híd losing their parliamentary representation. It was the first time since the 2006 elections that Smer–SD did not emerge as the party with the most seats. As no party or electoral coalition won a majority of seats, a coalition government was needed.[210] On 13 March, Matovič announced he had reached an agreement for a governing coalition with We Are Family, Freedom and Solidarity and For the People, though they had not agreed upon a common governing program.

North America

edit

United States of America

edit

2020 elections

edit
This section is an excerpt from 2020 United States elections.[edit]

The 2020 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020. The Democratic Party's nominee, former vice president Joe Biden, defeated incumbent Republican president Donald Trump in the presidential election. Despite losing seats in the House of Representatives, Democrats retained control of the House and very narrowly gained control of the Senate. As a result, the Democrats obtained a government trifecta, the first time since the elections in 2008 that the party gained unified control of Congress and the presidency.[211] With Trump losing his bid for re-election, he became the first president to have seen his party lose the presidency and control of both the House and the Senate since Herbert Hoover in 1932.[212][213] This was the first time since 1980 that either chamber of Congress flipped partisan control in a presidential year, and the first time Democrats did so since 1948.

Biden became his party's nominee after defeating numerous challengers in the Democratic primaries, while Trump faced token opposition in the Republican primaries. In the congressional elections, Democrats lost seats in the House of Representatives but retained their majority in the chamber by a narrow margin. Democrats made a net gain of three seats in the Senate for a total of 50 seats, taking control of the chamber as newly elected vice-president Kamala Harris could cast tie-breaking votes. Contests for the six non-voting congressional delegates from the District of Columbia and the permanently inhabited U.S. territories were also held during the 2020 elections.

Regularly-scheduled elections were held in 86 of the 99 state legislative chambers, and 11 states held their gubernatorial elections. Only one state governorship and two legislative chambers changed partisan control, as Republicans won the gubernatorial race in Montana and gained control of both legislative chambers in New Hampshire. Various other state executive and judicial elections, as well as numerous referendums, tribal elections, mayoral elections, and other local elections, also took place in 2020. The 2020 elections were the last major set of elections to impact the redistricting cycle that will take place following the 2020 census. Significant issues for voters included the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, as well as health care, the economy, racial unrest and climate change. Social distancing guidelines resulted in unprecedented levels of postal voting and early voting. Voter turnout greatly exceeded recent elections; one projection has turnout by voting eligible population being higher than any election since 1900.

After Biden won the election, Trump and other Republicans refused to concede, making baseless and disproven claims of widespread voter fraud,[214][215][216] despite U.S. election security officials saying that the election was "the most secure in American history".[217] These attempts to overturn the election resulted in a deadly attack on the U.S. Capitol, which led to Trump being impeached for the second time and deplatformed across several major social media platforms.[218][219][220]

South America

edit

Bolivia

edit

The 2020 Bolivian general election was won by the Movement for Socialism, which had been deposed from power during the 2019 Bolivian political crisis.[221]

See also

edit

Notes

edit
  1. ^ Due to disruptions—mainly violence or technical issues—on election day, INEC either postponed or extended voting to 26 February in certain affected areas.

References

edit
  1. ^ "Bénin : Patrice Talon réélu dès le premier tour, selon la commission électorale". JueneAfrique. 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  2. ^ 2020 African election calendar EISA
  3. ^ "Burkina Faso's Kaboré wins re-election, according to full preliminary results". France 24. 2020-11-26. Retrieved 2020-11-27.
  4. ^ Burundi's main opposition leader announces election bid Andalou, 18 November 2019
  5. ^ "Burundi bishops denounce suspect presidential election". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  6. ^ "Burundi opposition takes presidential election dispute to court". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  7. ^ "Burundi election results: What next?". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  8. ^ Cameroun - Législatives et municipales 2020: Selon ELECAM, aucun incident majeur «de nature à troubler le déroulement du scrutin» n'a été signalé dans le pays Cameroon-Info, 10 February 2020
  9. ^ Low Turnout Frustrates Election In North West, South West Regions, Cameroon News Agency, Feb 9, 2020. Accessed Feb 11, 2020.
  10. ^ "Opposition returns to power in Cape Verde after 15 years" Archived 12 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Agence France-Presse, 20 March 2016.
  11. ^ AfricaNews (2021-04-13). "Traditional parties face upset by newcomers in Cape Verde". Africanews. Retrieved 2021-04-13.
  12. ^ "Opposition MP arrested on the eve of the legislative elections". VOA. 15 January 2020. (in French)
  13. ^ "Comoros leader urges opposition to drop vote boycott". Yahoo News. 14 November 2019.
  14. ^ "Comorians at the polls for the first round of the legislative elections". RFI. 19 January 2020. (in French)
  15. ^ Duhem, Vincent (2020-11-02). "Côte d'Ivoire election 2020: Opposition struggles to find common ground". The Africa Report. Retrieved 2020-11-03.
  16. ^ "At least two killed, dozens injured in Cote d'Ivoire election violence". RFI. 2020-11-01. Retrieved 2020-11-03.
  17. ^ "Djibouti : la date des élections présidentielles fixée au 9 avril 2021". Xinhua. Retrieved 2021-02-08.
  18. ^ "Guelleh re-elected president of Djibouti with 98.58% of vote: official count". Xinhua. Retrieved 2021-04-09.
  19. ^ Dontoh, Ekow; Dzawu, Moses Mozart (8 December 2020). "Ghana's President Akufo-Addo Wins Second Term by Slim Margin". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  20. ^ Kokutse, Francis (10 December 2020). "Ghana's main opposition party will contest election results". AP News. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  21. ^ Guinea postpones legislative election and referendum Daily Nation, 2 March 2020
  22. ^ Guinée: couplage du référendum constitutionnel avec les législatives du 1er mars RFI, 5 February 2020
  23. ^ Guinée : Alpha Condé annonce le report des législatives et du référendum constitutionnel Jeune Afrique, 28 February 2020
  24. ^ Invite au référendum : « le président a parlé au conditionnel », rassure Kassory Archived 2021-01-26 at the Wayback Machine Conakry Infos, 25 September 2019
  25. ^ Guinea NDI
  26. ^ "Guinea: Unrest possible ahead of January 2019 legislative elections /update 12". GardaWorld. Retrieved 2019-01-16.
  27. ^ Guinée : la Ceni fixe la date des élections législatives à la fin 2019 Jeune Afrique, 7 May 2019
  28. ^ GUINEE – Elections législatives : La date du 28 décembre ne fait pas consensus au sein de la Céni Le Quotidien, 18 September 2019
  29. ^ President approves February vote in turbulent Guinea Yahoo News, 12 November 2019
  30. ^ "Democracy is faltering in Tanzania and Ivory Coast". The Economist. 2020-11-05. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2020-11-16.
  31. ^ "Mali: first round of legislative elections set for March 29". Jeune Afrique. 23 January 2020. (in French)
  32. ^ AFP, Le Figaro fr avec (2018-09-13). "Mali: les élections législatives reportées d'un mois". Le Figaro.fr (in French). Retrieved 2020-01-02.
  33. ^ "Mali: Legislative elections postponed to June 2019 /update 16". GardaWorld. Retrieved 2020-01-02.
  34. ^ "Mali: les vraies raisons du report des législatives", Deutsche Welle (in French), 2018-10-16, retrieved 2020-01-02
  35. ^ "Mali : adoption d'un projet de loi prolongeant le mandat des députés jusqu'en 2020". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). 2019-06-08. Retrieved 2020-01-02.
  36. ^ "Malian parliamentary elections marred by kidnappings, attacks". Al Jazeera. March 31, 2020.
  37. ^ a b c d e Mali crisis: From disputed election to president's resignation Al Jazeera, 18 Aug 2020, retrieved 12 September 2020
  38. ^ a b Diallo, Tiemoko; McAllister, Edward (20 June 2020). Fincher, Christina; Harrison, Mike (eds.). "West African bloc urges Mali to re-run disputed elections amid mass protests". Reuters. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020.
  39. ^ "Mali: President Keita meets protest leader Mahmoud Dicko". Al Jazeera English. A video posted on the presidency's Twitter account showed the meeting between President Ibrahim Boubacar Keita and Mahmoud Dicko, an imam and leading figure of the so-called June 5 movement, in the capital, Bamako, on Saturday.
  40. ^ "Anti-gov't protests resume in Mali after weeks-long pause". Al Jazeera. 11 Aug 2020. Retrieved 12 Sep 2020.
  41. ^ "Calls for calm as Mali gov't criticised for response to protests". Al Jazeera English. 13 July 2020. Bloody protests broke out in the capital, Bamako, on Friday and Saturday, with reports saying security forces fired live rounds during clashes with demonstrators, some of whom had occupied state buildings. [...] A senior official at an emergency department of a major hospital in Bamako was quoted by AFP news agency as saying 11 people died and 124 were injured since Friday.
  42. ^ a b Jimoh, Abbas (26 February 2022). "INEC Sets New Dates For 2023 General Elections". Daily Trust. Archived from the original on 25 July 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  43. ^ "Bola Tinubu is now Nigeria's president-elect. What happens next?". Al Jazeera. 1 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  44. ^ "2023 Presidential race: Atiku wins PDP ticket". The Sun. 29 May 2022. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  45. ^ Oyeleke, Sodiq (8 June 2022). "Full result of APC presidential primary". The Punch. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  46. ^ "2023: Obi picks LP presidential ticket". The Guardian. News Agency of Nigeria. 30 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  47. ^ Jalal, Aliyu (8 June 2022). "Kwankwaso Emerges NNPP Presidential Candidate". Daily Trust. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  48. ^ Erezi, Dennis (16 June 2022). "Atiku dumps Wike, chooses Okowa as running mate for presidential election". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  49. ^ Aliyu, Abdullateef (17 June 2022). "Running Mate: Like Tinubu, Peter Obi Picks Doyin Okupe As Placeholder". Daily Trust. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  50. ^ Erezi, Dennis (17 June 2022). "Tinubu submits name of running mate to INEC". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  51. ^ Abdullahi, Idowu (8 July 2022). "Updated: Peter Obi picks Datti Baba-Ahmed as running mate". The Punch. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  52. ^ Akinboyo, Temidayo (10 July 2022). "Updated: Tinubu finally names Shettima as running mate". Premium Times. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  53. ^ "CDD releases preliminary report on polls, alleges voter suppression". The Nation. 26 February 2023. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  54. ^ Blankson, Esther (28 February 2023). "#NigeriaElections2023: NHRC releases malpractices, vote-buying statistics". The Punch. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  55. ^ Sulaimon, Adekunle (25 February 2023). "#NigeriaElections2023: INEC backtracks on promise to upload results from polling units". The Punch. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  56. ^ Shaibu, Nathaniel (25 February 2023). "#NigeriaElections2023: YIAGA expresses concern over failed result upload". The Punch. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  57. ^ Jannamike, Luminous. "Address issues threatening to mar credibility of election results, CSO charges INEC". Vanguard. Archived from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  58. ^ Suleiman, Qosim (27 February 2023). "Party agents protest delay in uploading results on iReV, discrepancies in results". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  59. ^ Olokor, Friday; Folorunsho-Francis, Adebayo; Shaibu, Nathaniel; Olatunji, Daud (28 February 2023). "Presidential poll: INEC continues results collation despite protests". The Punch. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  60. ^ "2023 elections: EU faults INEC, says process distorted, lacks transparency". Vanguard. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  61. ^ Odoh, Innocent (26 February 2023). "US, UK, IRI Observers React To Electoral Process". Leadership. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  62. ^ Ibrahim, El-Ameen (28 February 2023). "#NigeriaElections2023: Elections not free, fair, say Okowa, Datti-Ahmed". The Punch. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  63. ^ Busari, Biodun. "'It's sham', NNPP faults INEC over election results". Vanguard. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  64. ^ Oludare, Ishola (27 February 2023). "Full text of Obasanjo's message on 2023 presidential election". Daily Post. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  65. ^ Anichukwese, Donatus (28 February 2023). "2023 Elections: Kwankwaso's NNPP Joins PDP, LP To Call For Cancellation". Channels TV. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  66. ^ Nwezeh, Kingsley; Akinwale, Adedayo; Gabriel, Emameh; James, Segun. "The World Moves against Nigeria's Tainted Polls". ThisDay. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  67. ^ Steinhauser, Gabriele; Akingbule, Gbenga. "Nigeria Election Criticized by International Observers, Opposition Parties". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  68. ^ Maclean, Ruth; Peltier, Elian (28 February 2023). "Opposition Parties in Nigeria Call for Election Rerun, Citing Vote Rigging". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  69. ^ Ajayi, Omeiza. "Tinubu Campaign demands arrest of Dino, Momodu, Pastor Enenche". Vanguard. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  70. ^ "INEC declares APC's Bola Tinubu winner of Nigeria's presidential election". Premium Times. March 2023. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  71. ^ "Bola Tinubu wins Nigeria's presidential election against Atiku Abubakar and Peter Obi". BBC News. March 2023. Archived from the original on 3 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  72. ^ "Third-party candidate Peter Obi to challenge Nigeria election result". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 2 March 2023. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  73. ^ "FOR THE RECORDS: Download Peter Obi's petition challenging election of Bola Tinubu as Nigeria's president". Premium Times Nigeria. 22 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  74. ^ "FOR THE RECORDS: Download Atiku's petition challenging Tinubu's presidential election victory". Premium Times Nigeria. 22 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  75. ^ "Presidential, legislative election dates in Seychelles confirmed: Oct 22-24". Seychelles News Agency. 11 August 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  76. ^ "Seychelles' president approves Election Act amendment, creating permanent chief electoral officer position". Seychelles News Agency. 27 December 2018. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  77. ^ "Seychelles' President decides to hold presidential, legislative elections together". Seychelles News Agency. 30 July 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  78. ^ "Opposition parties in Seychelles say they are ready to contest early legislative election". Seychelles News Agency. 31 July 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  79. ^ "Somalia to hold presidential election on May 15". Arab News. 5 May 2022. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
  80. ^ a b "Somalia: Electoral Body Announces List of Elected Lawmakers of the Federal Parliament". allAfrica.com. 2022-04-01. Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 2022-04-03.
  81. ^ "Somalia's Lower House polls pushed to October". Garowe Online. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  82. ^ Nor, Mohamed Sheikh (30 May 2020). "Somalia Says Elections Set for Early 2021 Despite Virus Risk". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  83. ^ "Somalia to hold indirect presidential election October 10". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  84. ^ a b Hundreds of troops loyal to Somalia PM gather outside presidential palace Archived 12 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine", The National. 28 December 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  85. ^ Hayden, Nancy Kay (1 February 2018). "Balancing Belligerents or Feeding the Beast: Transforming Conflict Traps". Center for International & Security Studies, University of Maryland. Archived from the original on 13 May 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  86. ^ "Somalia's leaders agree to hold delayed election by February 25". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  87. ^ "Somalia extends election deadline to next month". France 24. 2022-02-25. Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  88. ^ "Somalia delays election process again as deadline lapses". France 24. 2022-03-16. Archived from the original on 13 May 2022. Retrieved 2022-03-16.
  89. ^ AfricaNews (2022-05-15). "Somalia: MPs vote under tight security in key presidential election". Africanews. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  90. ^ "Somalia elects new president after long overdue elections". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  91. ^ AfricaNews (2022-05-16). "Somalia re-elects former leader Hassan Sheikh Mohamud as president". Africanews. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  92. ^ "Somalia: UN welcomes end of fairly contested presidential election, calls for unity". UN News. 2022-05-16. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  93. ^ "Tanzania to go to polls on October 28, National Electoral". The Citizen. Retrieved 2020-07-22.
  94. ^ "Tanzania elections: President Magufuli in landslide win amid fraud claims". BBC News. 31 October 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  95. ^ a b "Tanzania opposition loses key seats in vote marred by fraud claim". Al Jazeera. 2020-10-29. Retrieved 2020-10-30.
  96. ^ Odula, Tom (24 October 2020). "Observers say Tanzania's presidential vote is already flawed". Associated Press. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  97. ^ "Tanzania electoral watch panel condemns arrest of opposition leaders". The Citizen. November 3, 2020. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
  98. ^ "US State Department calls for investigation into poll irregularities". The Citizen. November 3, 2020. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
  99. ^ "Common Wealth ready to help, urges Tanzania to investigate polls irregularities". The Citizen. November 3, 2020. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
  100. ^ "Tanzania – Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the EU on the elections in Tanzania". www.consilium.europa.eu. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  101. ^ Togolese to vote in presidential election on 22 February 2020 Panapress, 6 December 2019
  102. ^ Togo President Gnassingbé wins re-election Deutsche Welle, 24 February 2020
  103. ^ Preliminary Declaration Archived 2022-10-02 at the Wayback Machine ECOWAS, 24 February 2020
  104. ^ "Togolese opposition denounces vote irregularities". Africa News. 23 February 2020.
  105. ^ a b "Togo 's Implausible Election Results". Africa Center for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 2020-04-02.
  106. ^ "Togo National Assembly summons opposition leader, accuses him of plotting coup". Ghana News Agency. Retrieved 2020-04-02.
  107. ^ a b Azerbaijan to hold snap parliamentary election on February 9 Al Jazeera, 5 December 2019
  108. ^ "Azerbaijan's Ruling Party Calls For Dissolution Of Parliament". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. 28 November 2019. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  109. ^ "Xi Jinping elected general secretary of CPC Central Committee: communique". Xinhua. 2022-10-23. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
  110. ^ "Narendra Modi appointed Prime Minister, swearing in on May 26". The Times of India. 20 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  111. ^ Irfan, Hakeem (May 28, 2014). "Narendra Modi saves Rs 125 crore by keeping Cabinet small". Dnaindia.com. Retrieved October 17, 2021.
  112. ^ "Modi Swearing-in Highlights: New team blend of youthful energy, experience: PM". Live Mint. 2019-05-30. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  113. ^ "Who Gets What: Cabinet Portfolios Announced. Full List Here". NDTV. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  114. ^ "Narendra Singh Tomar Takes Additional Charge of Food Processing Ministry After Harshimrat Badal Resigns". News18. 2020-09-23. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  115. ^ "Frequent change of CMs in BJP-ruled states signs of growing high command culture". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
  116. ^ Sirnate, Vasundhara (2021-11-27). "The democratic backsliding of India". The Hindu. Retrieved 2022-08-30.
  117. ^ "Look at the data, not the drama, in weighing up Modi's India". Australian Financial Review. 2023-05-22. Retrieved 2023-05-22.
  118. ^ Akhilesh, Pillalamarri. "Why India's Democracy is Not Dying". The Diplomat. Retrieved 2023-05-22.
  119. ^ Ogura, Junko; Wang, Selina; Regan, Helen (29 September 2021). "Fumio Kishida expected to become Japan's next Prime Minister after ruling party vote". CNN. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  120. ^ Sim, Walter (4 October 2021). "Who's who in Cabinet of Japan's new PM Fumio Kishida". The Straits Times. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  121. ^ Lies, Elaine (3 October 2021). "In surprise move, new Japan PM to call Oct 31 election - NHK". Reuters.
  122. ^ Mongolia: Election for Ulsyn Ikh Khural (Mongolian State Great Hural) IFES
  123. ^ "2020 Race Begins". Mongolia Weekly. Jan 19, 2020. Retrieved 2020-01-19.
  124. ^ "Mongolia's government resigns after a small protest". The Economist. 2021-01-28. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2021-02-02.
  125. ^ Beech, Hannah (31 January 2021). "Myanmar's Leader, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, Is Detained Amid Coup". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
  126. ^ Hyonhee Shin (2021-01-11). "Mixed signals for North Korean leader's sister as Kim seeks to cement power". Reuters.
  127. ^ "지방선거 득실 계산… 민주당-한국당, 접점없는 '개헌' 대치". The Dong-a Ilbo (in Korean). Naver. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  128. ^ "South Korea's governing party wins election by a landslide". Al Jazeera. 16 April 2020. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  129. ^ "Sri Lankan parliament dissolved; elections set for April". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  130. ^ "General Election will be held on June 20". MSN.
  131. ^ "Sri Lanka general elections 2020 – LIVE UPDATES". EconomyNext. 5 August 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.[permanent dead link‍]
  132. ^ "Rajapaksas dominates South with landslide victory in Sri Lankan elections | Tamil Guardian". www.tamilguardian.com. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  133. ^ Iqbal Athas and Helen Regan (7 August 2020). "Sri Lanka's Mahinda Rajapaksa declares victory in parliamentary elections". CNN. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  134. ^ "Sri Lanka Podujana Party wins 2020 general elections in a landslide". EconomyNext. 7 August 2020. Retrieved 7 August 2020.[permanent dead link‍]
  135. ^ "Rajapaksa declares election victory in Sri Lanka". BBC News. 7 August 2020. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  136. ^ "Sri Lanka : 2020 Parliamentary Election Results: SLPP wins six seats in Matara district, SJB one". www.colombopage.com. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  137. ^ "Rajapaksa brothers win by landslide in Sri Lanka's election". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  138. ^ "Sri Lanka ex-PM's UNP polls less than 5-pct in declared Colombo seats". EconomyNext. 6 August 2020. Retrieved 7 August 2020.[permanent dead link‍]
  139. ^ "Sri Lanka prepares for twice-delayed poll amid militarized COVID-19 response · Global Voices". Global Voices. 21 June 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  140. ^ Srinivasan, Meera (13 July 2020). "Lanka election body 'monitoring' virus spike". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  141. ^ Elections To Tajikistan's Lower House To Take Place March 1, Upper House March 27 - Decree Urdu Point, 4 December 2019
  142. ^ a b "Tajikistan's long-serving ruler dispenses with all political opposition". The Economist. 7 March 2020.
  143. ^ "Vietnam ruling Communist Party chief Trong re-elected for third term". Reuters. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
  144. ^ "Zgjedhjet parlamentare në Shqipëri do të mbahen më 25 prill 2021". trt.net.tr (in Turkish). 7 September 2020. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  145. ^ Tait, Robert. "Pro-western Petr Pavel sweeps to landslide win in race for Czech presidency". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  146. ^ Lazarová, Daniela (28 January 2023). "Retired army general Petr Pavel elected next president of Czechia". Radio Prague International. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  147. ^ Di Sario, Frederica (14 January 2023). "Pro-Western retired general leads first round in Czech presidential election". Politico. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  148. ^ Cameron, Rob. "Petr Pavel: Ex-general beats populist rival in Czech election". BBC News. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  149. ^ Bauerova, Ladka; Rauhala, Emily. "Retired Gen. Pavel defeats billionaire Babis in Czech election". The Washington Post. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  150. ^ Rambousková, Michaela (19 January 2023). "Volte Babiše, Pavel je peklo, vyzvala KSČM své příznivce". Seznam Zprávy (in Czech). Retrieved 1 February 2023.
  151. ^ "Pro-Western war hero Petr Pavel looks set to sweep Czech presidential vote". France 24. 27 January 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  152. ^ Pirodsky, Jason (28 January 2023). "Petr Pavel elected President of the Czech Republic". Expats. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  153. ^ "Inaugurace nově zvoleného prezidenta Petra Pavla proběhne 9. března, oznámila předsedkyně Sněmovny". iRozhlas (in Czech). 28 January 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  154. ^ Muller, Robert; Lopatka, Jan (28 January 2023). "Retired Czech general Pavel wins presidential election". Reuters. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  155. ^ "Prezidentské volby 2023" (in Czech). Seznam zprávy. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  156. ^ Gosling, Tim. "Czech Republic secures pro-West direction as ex-NATO general wins". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  157. ^ "New Czech president expected to foster EU, Ukraine ties". France 24. AFP. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  158. ^ "Croatian president sets parliamentary vote for July 5". ABC News. Associated Press. 20 May 2020. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  159. ^ Greece elects Katerina Sakellaropoulou as first female president NBC News website, 22 Jan 2020
  160. ^ Republic of Iceland: Election for President 2020 IFES
  161. ^ "Absentee Voting for President Starts Monday". Iceland Review. 2020-05-24. Retrieved 2020-10-02.
  162. ^ Carroll, Rory Carroll (2020-02-11). "Sinn Féin declares victory in Irish general election". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
  163. ^ Agencies. "Sinn Fein shatters Ireland's political landscape to become second largest party". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
  164. ^ Beesley, Arthur (10 February 2020). "What is driving Sinn Féin's electoral surge in Ireland?". Financial Times. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
  165. ^ "General Election 2020 Results". RTÉ News. 9 February 2020.
  166. ^ "Selection of the Ceann Comhairle". www.oireachtas.ie. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  167. ^ "Seán Ó Fearghaíl has been re-elected Ceann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann". thejournal.ie. 20 February 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  168. ^ "Italy's Mattarella dissolves parliament, election set for 25 September". Euronews. 21 July 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  169. ^ Donà, Alessia (31 August 2022). "The Rise of the Radical Right in Italy: The Case of Fratelli d'Italia". Journal of Modern Italian Studies. 27 (5). Taylor & Francis: 775–794. doi:10.1080/1354571X.2022.2113216. hdl:11572/352744. S2CID 251987503.
  170. ^ Gautheret, Jérôme (25 September 2022). "The unstoppable rise of Giorgia Meloni, the new figurehead of the Italian radical right". Le Monde. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  171. ^ Winfield, Nicole (26 September 2022). "How a party of neo-fascist roots won big in Italy". AP News. Associated Press. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
  172. ^ a b c Kirby, Paul (26 September 2022). "Giorgia Meloni: Italy's far right wins election and vows to govern for all". BBC. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  173. ^ Amante, Angelo; Balmer, Crispian (22 October 2022). "Right-wing Meloni sworn in as Italy's first woman prime minister". Reuters. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  174. ^ "Proiezioni: FdI primo partito. Calano M5s, Lega e Forza Italia. Pd al 19%, Terzo polo al 7%" (in Italian). RAI. 26 September 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  175. ^ a b "Italy election: Meloni says center-right bloc has 'clear' mandate". Deutsche Welle. 26 September 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  176. ^ Kakissis, Joanna; Martin, Rachel (26 September 2022). "Italy will soon be led by the most far-right government it's had since Mussolini". NPR. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
  177. ^ "Speciale Elezioni 2022 di RaiNews" (in Italian). RAI. 25 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  178. ^ Amante, Angelo; Balmer, Crispian (25 September 2022). "Italy's right wing, led by Meloni, wins election, exit polls say". Reuters. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  179. ^ "Italy's far right set to win election – exit polls". BBC. 25 September 2022. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  180. ^ "Legge costituzionale 19 ottobre 2020, n. 1". Normattiva (in Italian). 19 October 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  181. ^ Forti, Giovanni; Vernetti, Alessio (11 January 2021). "Simulazione YouTrend: se si votasse oggi con i nuovi collegi del Rosatellum?". YouTrend (in Italian). Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  182. ^ Biariella, Laura (8 July 2021). "Senato: elettorato attivo (anche) ai 18enni". AltaLex. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  183. ^ D'Emilio, Frances; Winfield, Nicole; Zampano, Giada (26 September 2022). "Italy shifts to the right as voters reward Meloni's party". AP News. Associated Press. Retrieved 26 September 2022. Updated 27 September 2022 as "First female premier poised to take helm of Italy government".{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  184. ^ Kola, Paulin, ed. (26 September 2022). "Italy elections: Giorgia Meloni's right-wing alliance ahead". BBC. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  185. ^ Horowitz, Jason (25 September 2022). "Giorgia Meloni Wins Voting in Italy, in Breakthrough for Europe's Hard Right". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
  186. ^ Lemire, Jonathan (26 September 2022). "White House anxiously watches Meloni's rise to power". Politico. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
  187. ^ Leali, Giorgio; Roberts, Hannah (25 September 2022). "Italy on track to elect most right-wing government since Mussolini". Politico. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
  188. ^ Braithwaite, Sharon; DiDonato, Valentina; Fox, Kara; Mortensen, Antonia; Nadeau, Barbie Latza; Ruotolo, Nicola (26 September 2022). "Giorgia Meloni claims victory to become Italy's most far-right prime minister since Mussolini". CNN. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  189. ^ Giuffrida, Angela (13 October 2022). "Brothers of Italy politician who collects fascist relics elected senate speaker". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  190. ^ "Outrage as Italy's lower house of parliament elects anti-LGBTQ speaker". The Local. 14 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  191. ^ "Il governo Meloni giura oggi al Quirinale" (in Italian). RAI. 21 October 2022. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022. Updated as of 22 October 2022.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  192. ^ "Nuovo governo, le news. Alle 10 il giuramento di Giorgia Meloni e dei ministri". Sky TG24 (in Italian). 21 October 2022. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022. Updated as of 22 October 2022.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  193. ^ Cipolla, Alessandro; Imparato, Rosaria (25 October 2022). "Meloni alla Camera, diretta video voto di fiducia al governo: cosa ha detto nella replica la presidente del Consiglio". Money (in Italian). Archived from the original on 26 October 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  194. ^ "Il Senato vota la fiducia al governo Meloni: 115 sì, 79 no e 5 astenuti" (in Italian). ANSA. 26 October 2022. Archived from the original on 26 October 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  195. ^ "Governo Meloni, le ultime notizie. Fiducia in Senato per l'esecutivo: 115 sì e 79 no". Sky TG24 (in Italian). Archived from the original on 26 October 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  196. ^ "Maia Sandu, a reformist ex-prime minister, becomes president". The Economist. 2020-11-19. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2020-11-29.
  197. ^ "Moldova's new president calls for Russian troops to withdraw from territory". BBC News. 2020-11-30. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
  198. ^ North Macedonia Leaders Agree Election Date Balkan Insight, 15 June 2020
  199. ^ Government of North Macedonia officially postpones the elections European Western Balkans, 23 March 2020
  200. ^ Strybel, Robert (10 June 2020). "Poland to elect next president on June 28". ampoleagle.com.
  201. ^ Polish Elections to the Sejm and Senate of the Republic of Poland 2019
  202. ^ "Portugal election: Socialists win unexpected majority". BBC News. 2022-01-31. Retrieved 2022-01-31.
  203. ^ Renascença (2023-11-09). "Marcelo marca eleições para 10 de março - Renascença". Rádio Renascença (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-11-09.
  204. ^ "António Costa demite-se: "Obviamente"". CNN Portugal (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  205. ^ "Romania's Orban set to stay in power after tight vote: exit poll". POLITICO. 2020-12-06. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  206. ^ Serbian Parliamentary Elections – International Democrat Union
  207. ^ "2020: elections in the Western Balkans". RFE. 1 January 2020. (in Serbian)
  208. ^ Serbia postpones April 26 elections due to the COVID-19 pandemic – state election commission Reuters, 16 March 2020
  209. ^ "Serbian parliament left without clear opposition as the ruling party wins partially boycotted elections". European Western Balkans. 2020-06-22. Retrieved 2020-06-22.
  210. ^ "Anti-corruption party wins Slovakia election". BBC News. 2020-03-01. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  211. ^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 3, 2020". U.S. House of Reps, Office of the Clerk. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  212. ^ Enten, Harry (January 10, 2021). "How Trump led Republicans to historic losses". CNN. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved February 3, 2021.
  213. ^ Liasson, Mara (January 15, 2021). "Examining The Fault Lines Of The Republican Party". National Public Radio (NPR). Archived from the original on February 20, 2021. Retrieved February 3, 2021.
  214. ^ "McConnell-led Republicans hold steady against Trump concession". Politico. November 9, 2020. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
  215. ^ Cochrane, Emily; Fandos, Nicholas (2020-11-09). "Declining to recognize Biden's victory, McConnell says Trump is '100 percent' entitled to challenge it". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
  216. ^ Barrett, Ted; Raju, Manu; Foran, Clare (November 5, 2020). "Top Republicans defend Trump on baseless voter fraud claims as concerns grow in the ranks". CNN. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
  217. ^ Election Infrastructure Government Coordinating Council (November 12, 2020). "Joint Statement from Elections Infrastructure Government Coordinating Council & the Election Infrastructure Sector Coordinating Executive Committees". CISA. Retrieved 2022-06-09.
  218. ^ Fung, Brian (January 8, 2021). "Twitter bans President Trump permanently". CNN. Archived from the original on January 12, 2021. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  219. ^ "Facebook says Donald Trump to remain banned for two years, effective from Jan. 7". CNBC. June 4, 2021.
  220. ^ "Snapchat permanently bans Trump". Politico. January 13, 2021.
  221. ^ "Don't mess up Bolivia's miracle". The Economist. 2020-10-24. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2020-12-14.

Bibliography

edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020s_in_electoral_politics&oldid=1248060740"