Wikipedia

2022 Manila local elections

Local elections were held at Manila on May 9, 2022, as part of the Philippine general election. Held concurrently with the national elections, the electorate voted to elect a mayor, a vice mayor, thirty-six city council members and six district representatives to congress. Those elected took their respective offices on June 30, 2022, for a three-year-long term. 886,133 of 1,133,042 registered voters voted in this election.

2022 Manila local elections
← 2019 May 9, 2022 (2022-05-09) 2025 →
Turnout78.21% Increase 9.1 pp
Mayoral election
 
Honey Lacuna profile (cropped).jpg
Alex Lopez (cropped).jpg
Amado Bagatsing (cropped).png
Candidate Honey Lacuna Alex Lopez Amado Bagatsing
Party Asenso Manileño PFP KABAKA
Alliance Honey-Yul UniTeam Manila Team Amado
Running mate Yul Servo Raymond Bagatsing —
Popular vote 538,595 166,908 118,694
Percentage 63.68% 19.74% 14.03%
A map showing the results of the Manila mayoral election by barangay
Mayor before election

Isko Moreno
Asenso Manileño

Elected mayor

Honey Lacuna
Asenso Manileño

Vice mayoral election
 
Rep. Yul Servo (18th Congress PH).jpg
3x4.svg
3x4.svg
Candidate Yul Servo Raymond Bagatsing
Party Asenso Manileño KBL
Alliance Honey-Yul UniTeam Manila
Popular vote 586,855 185,431
Percentage 73.67% 23.28%
A map showing the results of the Manila vice mayoral election by barangay
Vice Mayor before election

Honey Lacuna
Asenso Manileño

Elected Vice Mayor

Yul Servo
Asenso Manileño

City Council election
36 of 38 seats in the Manila City Council
20 seats needed for a majority
  First party Second party Third party
 
Party Asenso Manileño Independent PDP–Laban
Alliance Honey-Yul UniTeam
Last election 16 seats, 38.89% 2 seats, 3.83% 1 seat, 4.48%
Seats won 34 2 0
Seat change Increase 18 Steady Decrease 1
Popular vote 2,950,976 362,764 424,515
Percentage 68.56% 8.43% 9.86%

Vice mayor Honey Lacuna and representative Yul Servo were elected to the mayoralty and vice mayoralty respectively, with Lacuna becoming the first woman to be elected to the office. The Asenso Manileño party became the only party represented in the city council after winning 34 seats in the legislature. The remaining two seats were won by independents Ninong Lacsamana of the 2nd district and Bobby Espiritu II of the 5th district.

Ernix Dionisio, Rolan Valeriano, Joel Chua, Edward Maceda, Irwin Tieng and Benny Abante were elected to be the representatives for the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth districts respectively.

Electoral system

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Elections for mayor, vice mayor and for the six members of the House of Representatives are via first-past-the-post voting. For members of the city council, it is via multiple non-transferable vote, with the candidates with six highest votes winning.

Elections for mayor and vice mayor are done at an at-large basis. Elections for members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines and the Manila City Council are via the legislative districts of Manila.

There are an additional two ex officio seats in the city council, for the city federation presidents of the Liga ng mga Barangay (village councilors league) and the Sangguniang Kabataan (youth council league). These were originally elected in 2018, and whose terms were extended until 2023. Separate elections for these bodies will be in October 2023.

Background

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Mayor Isko Moreno and Vice Mayor Honey Lacuna are the incumbents; both are members of Aksyon Demokratiko and the local party Asenso Manileño. Moreno was elected in 2019, defeating incumbent Mayor Joseph Estrada, while Lacuna was elected in 2016, succeeding Moreno.

Moreno chose not to seek reelection as the mayor of Manila and will instead run for president of the Philippines in 2022.[1][2] Asenso Manileño nominated Lacuna and incumbent 3rd district representative Yul Servo Nieto for mayor and vice mayor, respectively.[3] Lacuna's notable challengers for mayor are former Philippine National Police DICTM deputy director Elmer Jamias (People's Reform Party), former 5th district representative Amado Bagatsing (KABAKA), and Christy Lim-Raymundo (Reporma), the daughter of former mayor Alfredo Lim, who died in 2020. Bagatsing is the son of another former mayor, Ramon Bagatsing. In 2019, Jamias lost the vice mayoralty race, while Lim-Raymundo lost the city council election. Alex Lopez (Partido Federal ng Pilipinas), the son of former mayor Mel Lopez, later joined the mayoralty race on November 10, 2021, as a substitute to Calvin Punzalan.[4] Lopez also lost the 2019 elections in the congressional race at the 2nd district. Bagatsing also joined the mayoralty race during the substitution period; he previously ran for mayor in 2001 and in 2016 but lost.[5]

Meanwhile, in the vice mayoralty race, Nieto notably faced actor Raymond Bagatsing of Kilusang Bagong Lipunan. Bagatsing is the nephew of mayoral candidate Amado Bagatsing, making him a grandson of former mayor Ramon Bagatsing.[6] Raymond Bagatsing was later chosen as the running mate of Alex Lopez.

Previous potential candidates for mayor included former president and Manila Mayor Joseph Estrada and incumbent 1st district representative Manny Lopez. Estrada lost to Moreno in 2019 and said in July of the same year that he would run again for mayor.[7] However, he did not file his Certificate of Candidacy in October 2021. Meanwhile, Lopez, another son of former Manila Mayor Mel Lopez and the current chair of the House Committee on Metro Manila Development, was chosen by the PDP–Laban–Cusi wing as its mayoral candidate[8] but chose to seek reelection for representative instead, with his brother Alex taking his place in the mayoralty race.[9]

Candidates

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Opinion polling

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Mayor

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Fieldwork Date(s) Pollster Sample Size MoE Abad
Ind. 		Lim
Reporma 		Bagatsing
KABAKA 		Jamias
PRP 		Lacuna
Asenso 		Lopez
PFP 		Undecided/
Other
Apr. 25–28 PUBLiCUS Asia Inc.[10] 1,625 ±3.00% 6% 7% 15% 1% 25% 12% 26%
Apr. 8–13 PUBLiCUS Asia Inc.[11] — — 7% 6% 4% 9% 26% 13% 35%
March 25 Start of Campaign Period for Local Candidates
Mar. 15–22 RPMDinc[12] — — — — 25% — 53% 20% 2%
Feb. 22–28 RPMDinc[13] — — — — 26% — 56% 15% 3%
Feb. 18–24 PUBLiCUS Asia Inc.[14] — — — 4% 8% 3% 44% 10% 31%
Jan. 22–30 RPMDinc[15] — — — — 30% — 57% 11% 2%
Dec. 16–23 RPMDinc[16] — — — — 28% — 53% 12% 7%
Nov. 16–24 RPMDinc[17] — — — — 31% — 48% 14% 7%

Vice Mayor

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Fieldwork Date(s) Pollster Sample Size MoE Bagatsing
KBL 		Lapinig
Reporma 		Nieto
Asenso 		Reyes
Ind. 		Undecided/
Other
Apr. 25–28 PUBLiCUS Asia Inc.[10] 1,625 ±3.00% 34% 9% 16% 9% 32%
March 25 Start of Campaign Period for Local Candidates
Apr. 8–13 PUBLiCUS Asia Inc.[11] — — 31% 14% 17% 10% 28%

Results

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Mayor

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The incumbent mayor is Isko Moreno, who was elected in 2019 with 50.15% of the vote. Moreno is eligible for re-election but has opted to run for the presidency of the Philippines.[1]

Asenso Manileño, Moreno's party slated vice mayor Honey Lacuna to defend the position.[3]

CandidatePartyVotes%
Honey LacunaAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko538,59563.68
Alex LopezPartido Federal ng Pilipinas166,90819.74
Amado BagatsingKabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran118,69414.03
Cristy LimPartido para sa Demokratikong Reporma14,8571.76
Elmer JamiasPeople's Reform Party4,0570.48
Onofre AbadIndependent2,6180.31
Total845,729100.00
Asenso Manileño hold

Vice Mayor

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The incumbent vice mayor is Honey Lacuna, who was re-elected in 2019 with 57.28% of the vote. Lacuna is eligible for re-election but has opted to run for mayor.

Asenso Manileño, Moreno's party slated 3rd District Representative Yul Servo to defend the position.[3]

CandidatePartyVotes%
Yul ServoAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko586,85573.67
Raymond BagatsingKilusang Bagong Lipunan185,43123.28
Arvin ReyesIndependent12,3101.55
Lucy LapinigPartido para sa Demokratikong Reporma12,0411.51
Total796,637100.00
Asenso Manileño hold

District representatives

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Party or allianceVotes%Seats
Asenso ManileñoAksyon Demokratiko/Asenso Manileño240,55929.383
National Unity Party/Asenso Manileño165,57720.222
Nationalist People's Coalition/Asenso Manileño90,07511.001
Total496,21160.616
Uniteam AlliancePartido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan106,02112.95–
Nacionalista Party42,7875.23–
People's Reform Party22,2212.71–
Independent25,9613.17–
Total196,99024.06–
National Unity Party80,0459.78–
Liberal Party34,4414.21–
People's Reform Party6,6870.82–
Independent4,3300.530
Total818,704100.006

1st District

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Manny Lopez is the incumbent. His opponents are Ernesto "Ernix" Dionisio Jr. and former Congressman Benjamin "Atong" Asilo.

CandidatePartyVotes%
Ernix DionisioAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko88,32744.66
Manny LopezPDP–Laban74,99137.92
Atong AsiloLiberal Party34,44117.42
Total197,759100.00
Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko gain from PDP–Laban

2nd District

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Rolan Valeriano is the incumbent. His opponent is former Congressman Carlo Lopez.

CandidatePartyVotes%
Rolan ValerianoNational Unity Party/Asenso Manileño70,14662.11
Carlo LopezNacionalista Party42,78737.89
Total112,933100.00
National Unity Party/Asenso Manileño hold

3rd District

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Incumbent Yul Servo is not seeking reelection to run for Vice Mayor. His party's nominee is incumbent city majority floor leader and Councilor Joel Chua. His opponents are former Councilor and incumbent Barangay 299 Captain Ramon Morales and Clark Field Arroño III.

CandidatePartyVotes%
Joel ChuaAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko68,94667.78
Ramon MoralesPDP–Laban31,03030.50
Clark Field Arroño IIIIndependent1,7481.72
Total101,724100.00
Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko gain from PDP–Laban

4th District

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Edward Maceda is the incumbent. His opponents are former Congresswoman Trisha Bonoan-David and Christopher Gabriel, both happened to be his challengers in 2019.

CandidatePartyVotes%
Edward MacedaNationalist People's Coalition/Asenso Manileño90,07573.40
Trisha Bonoan-DavidIndependent25,96121.15
Christopher GabrielPeople's Reform Party6,6875.45
Total122,723100.00
Nationalist People's Coalition/Asenso Manileño hold

5th District

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Amanda Christina "Cristal" Bagatsing is the incumbent. Her opponent is Councilor Irwin Tieng.

CandidatePartyVotes%
Irwin TiengAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko83,28650.99
Cristal BagatsingNational Unity Party80,04549.01
Total163,331100.00
Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko gain from National Unity Party

6th District

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Benny Abante is the incumbent. His opponents are Romualdo "Bal" Billanes and Antonio Sityar II.

CandidatePartyVotes%
Benny AbanteNational Unity Party/Asenso Manileño95,43179.38
Romualdo BillanesPeople's Reform Party22,22118.48
Antonio Sityar IIIndependent2,5622.13
Total120,214100.00
National Unity Party/Asenso Manileño hold

City Council

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Party or allianceVotes%Seats
Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko2,950,97668.5634
UniTeam ManilaPartido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan424,5159.860
Nacionalista Party83,9431.950
Partido Federal ng Pilipinas38,7460.900
Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan6,0130.140
Independent20,7110.480
Total573,92813.330
Team AmadoPartido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan106,3952.470
Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran35,9090.830
Total142,3043.310
Liberal Party110,8232.570
Progressive Movement for the Devolution of Initiatives91,4562.120
Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan46,0431.070
United Nationalist Alliance9,3890.220
Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma8,6710.200
Partido Maharlika7,7960.180
Independent362,7648.432
Ex officio seats2
Total4,304,150100.0038

1st District

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CandidatePartyVotes%
Jesus "Taga" Fajardo Jr.Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko116,22511.44
Erick Ian "Banzai" NievaAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko115,36211.35
Niño Dela CruzAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko107,59710.59
Moises "Bobby" LimAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko101,4669.98
Irma Alfonso-JusonAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko101,2229.96
Martin "Marjun" Isidro Jr.Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko98,2479.67
Alexander "Mokong" TanLiberal Party93,5809.21
Peter OngPROMDI84,5278.32
Eugenio "Atty. Eugene" Santiago Jr.PDP–Laban39,3103.87
Marcelino "Papa P" Pedrozo Jr.PDP–Laban38,0933.75
Edgardo "Edgar" SolisPDP–Laban26,2072.58
Joel GungonIndependent21,1082.08
Brian "Bisaya" MondejarPDP–Laban17,2451.70
Victor "Toto" BaldisimoLiberal Party17,2431.70
Ferdinand "Ferdie" SandovalUnited Nationalist Alliance9,3890.92
Sylvia Felisa ManansalaIndependent8,4440.83
Michael De LeonIndependent7,7780.77
Mark Ian HaliliPartido para sa Demokratikong Reporma6,3550.63
Gilbert TelloIndependent4,0530.40
Dominador "Dom" Estabillo Jr.Independent2,9000.29
Total1,016,351100.00
Total votes1,016,351–

2nd District

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CandidatePartyVotes%
Ruben "Dr. J" BuenaventuraAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko77,30513.44
Numero "Uno" LimAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko75,75613.17
Darwin "Awi" SiaAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko69,50512.08
Roma Paula "Roma" RoblesAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko65,24711.34
Rodolfo "Ninong" LacsamanaIndependent64,73211.25
Macario "Macky" LacsonAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko60,29010.48
Edward TanAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko59,31810.31
Ivy VaronaNacionalista Party32,0075.56
Reynulfo "Dok" SyNacionalista Party25,4894.43
Roneil SanguyoNacionalista Party12,6952.21
Alfonso "Atty. Ponching" Orioste Jr.Independent11,5662.01
Alexander "Alex" JavallaNacionalista Party9,1061.58
Rolando "Boyet" EvangelistaNacionalista Party4,6460.81
Charles Michael "Mike" RiveraIndependent4,2900.75
Oscar "Daddybear" Baria IIIIndependent3,3380.58
Total575,290100.00
Total votes575,290–

3rd District

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CandidatePartyVotes%
Johanna Maureen "Apple" Nieto-RodriguezAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko81,67514.47
Pamela "Fa" FugosoAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko76,72913.59
Ernesto "Jong" Isip Jr.Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko75,03813.29
Timothy Oliver "Tol" ZarcalAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko67,02011.87
Terrence AlibarbarAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko65,11711.53
Arlene "Maile" AtienzaAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko64,71311.46
Jose "Joey Uy" JamisolaPDP–Laban39,1806.94
Johnny "Rollin' J" Dela CruzPDP–Laban18,7813.33
Nino Anthony MagnoPartido Federal ng Pilipinas15,6662.77
Ernesto "Caloy" Cruz Jr.PDP–Laban14,9402.65
Nelson TyPDP–Laban9,0531.60
Aileen RosalesPDP–Laban7,3981.31
Roderick AurelloIndependent6,8411.21
Roberto "Robert" DiazIndependent5,3910.95
Bernie ManikanIndependent5,0870.90
Anthony De GuzmanIndependent4,3490.77
Henryson MelonIndependent3,0360.54
Valentin "Kuya Jun" LandichoPartido para sa Demokratikong Reporma2,3160.41
Norland Azon GacutanIndependent2,2860.40
Total564,616100.00
Total votes564,616–

4th District

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CandidatePartyVotes%
Louisito "Doc Louie" ChuaAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko90,24213.81
Krystle Marie "Krys" BacaniAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko79,50112.17
Joel "JTV" VillanuevaAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko73,93711.32
Don Juan "DJ" BagatsingAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko67,71710.36
Science ReyesAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko66,59210.19
Louisa Marie "Lady" QuintosAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko65,47710.02
Don Jose Javier "Havy Habagat" BagatsingIndependent42,8746.56
Christian Mark "Xtian" FloriendoPDP–Laban34,2295.24
Bimbo Eduardo Quintos XVIPDP–Laban32,9665.05
Adonis "Carlo" Dela CruzPDP–Laban17,6012.69
Jorge Andrew "Kanto Boy" LopezPDP–Laban16,1772.48
Raquel "Jing" GabrielPDP–Laban12,3221.89
Kevin CosmeIndependent9,9121.52
Emil Bryan "BT" ToledoPROMDI6,9291.06
Edwin CosmeIndependent6,4760.99
Vicente "Vic" AlejagaIndependent6,1280.94
Benjamin "Benjie" CosmeIndependent5,9150.91
Jazel PanganibanIndependent5,2670.81
Aldwin Hamilton "Konsi Al" TanIndependent4,6100.71
Rosemarie "Rosmar" TanPDP–Laban4,3830.67
John MatrimonioIndependent2,0910.32
Mary Ann "Inay" VictoriIndependent1,9810.30
Total653,327100.00
Total votes653,327–

5th District

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CandidatePartyVotes%
Laris BorromeoAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko99,81211.76
Ricardo "Boy" Isip Jr.Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko96,14511.33
Raymundo "Mon" YupangcoAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko95,02711.19
Charry OrtegaAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko90,95510.72
Jaybee HizonAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko87,79210.34
Roberto "Bobby" Espiritu IIIndependent85,68510.09
Daniel Nikko AtienzaAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko79,0319.31
Roderick ValbuenaKabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran35,9094.23
Felix Tobillo Jr.PDP–Laban29,1353.43
Jaime Co Jr.PDP–Laban22,4932.65
Rubee Ruth CagascaIndependent22,3432.63
Ariel DakisPDP–Laban22,0192.59
Nathaniel RellonPDP–Laban17,7732.09
Ronald "Ronnie" CanlasPDP–Laban14,9751.76
Marilou "Malou" OcsanPartido Federal ng Pilipinas10,8031.27
Mahra Lorraine TamondongPartido Federal ng Pilipinas8,1140.96
Strausser "Bistek" TugnaoPartido Maharlika7,7960.92
Gladina VillarPederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan6,0130.71
Ronaldo "DJ Ron" CruzPartido Federal ng Pilipinas4,1630.49
Anthony Solh AvilaIndependent4,0420.48
Rufino Cantil Jr.Independent3,2360.38
Wenifredo LimitIndependent2,9990.35
Injim Bacalso BunayogIndependent2,5940.31
Total848,854100.00
Total votes848,854–

6th District

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CandidatePartyVotes%
Luis "Joey" UyAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko85,30913.21
Carlos "Caloy" CastañedaAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko85,22813.20
Salvador "Philip" LacunaAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko82,07612.71
Lou VelosoAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko77,85612.06
Benny Fog Abante IIIAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko75,27111.66
Elmer "Joel" ParAsenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko75,17611.64
Pablo Dario "Chikee" OcampoPDP–Laban38,9856.04
Fernando "Doc" MercadoPDP–Laban38,8336.01
Cherry VeloiraPDP–Laban30,0254.65
Juan Rafael "Raffy Jimenez" CrespoPDP–Laban20,5973.19
Fernando "Fernan" VergelPDP–Laban14,2332.20
Owen MoralesIndependent8,3231.29
Ernesto Go Jr.Independent5,6460.87
Melvin MirandaIndependent4,4160.68
Luisito ClaudioIndependent3,7380.58
Total645,712100.00
Total votes645,712–

Aftermath

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Alex Lopez filed an electoral protest against Honey Lacuna's mayoral victory, alleging “electoral frauds, irregularities, and anomalies” within the election. On October 6, 2022, the Commission on Elections dismissed the protest, citing the lack of evidence as well as the usage of baseless claims. Lacuna welcomed the decision.[18][19]

References

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  1. ^ a b Depasupil, William (September 4, 2021). "Incumbent Metro Manila mayors to win if elections held today – survey". The Manila Times. Retrieved September 8, 2021.
  2. ^ Ranada, Pia (September 21, 2021). "Isko Moreno to run for president in 2022". Rappler. Manila, Philippines. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
  3. ^ a b c De Leon, Dwight (September 22, 2021). "Honey Lacuna seeks to succeed Isko Moreno as Manila mayor – sources". Rappler. Retrieved September 22, 2021.
  4. ^ "Marcos gets support of son of late Manila Mayor Mel Lopez". Manila Bulletin. November 11, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2021.
  5. ^ "ATIENZA, LACUNA TO BE RE-ELECTED -- SWS SURVEY". Social Weather Stations. May 7, 2001. Retrieved June 26, 2022.
  6. ^ "Raymond Bagatsing to run for vice mayor of Manila, faces off with Yul Servo". ABS-CBN News. October 8, 2021. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
  7. ^ Clapano, Jose Rodel (July 21, 2019). "Erap Estrada to run again for Manila mayor". The Philippine Star. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
  8. ^ Sarao, Zacarian (September 2, 2021). "PDP-Laban Cusi wing names Rep. Lopez as Manila mayoral candidate". Inquirer.net. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
  9. ^ "Lopez umatras sa pagka-alkalde sa Maynila". Remate (in Tagalog). October 8, 2021. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
  10. ^ a b PUBLiCUS (May 3, 2022). "Local Election Preferences Report: April 25-28, 2022". PUBLiCUS Asia, Inc. Retrieved May 6, 2022.
  11. ^ a b PUBLiCUS (April 19, 2022). "NCR LOCAL ELECTION PREFERENCES REPORT: April 8-13, 2022 – PUBLiCUS Asia, Inc". Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  12. ^ "RP- Mission... - RP- Mission and Development Foundation Inc". www.facebook.com. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
  13. ^ Layson, Mer (March 15, 2022). "10 incumbent Metro Manila mayor muling mananalo - Survey". PhilStar.com (in Filipino). Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  14. ^ PUBLiCUS (March 2, 2022). "Incumbents, dynasties dominate lopsided NCR mayoral races – PAHAYAG NCR Election Tracker Survey – PUBLiCUS Asia, Inc". Retrieved March 4, 2022.
  15. ^ Punongbayan, Michael (February 14, 2022). "Metro mayors seeking reelection top survey". PhilStar.com. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  16. ^ "Re-electionists still dominate NCR survey". PhilStar.com. January 13, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
  17. ^ Mateo, Janvic (December 8, 2021). "Reelectionists top choice in most NCR mayoralty races – survey". PhilStar.com. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
  18. ^ Mendoza, John Eric (October 8, 2022). "Comelec junks poll protest against Manila Mayor Lacuna". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved October 18, 2022.
  19. ^ UNTALAN, SHERYLIN (October 8, 2022). "Comelec junks electoral protest against Manila Mayor Lacuna". GMA News Online. Retrieved October 18, 2022.
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