Wikipedia

2024 United States state legislative elections

(Redirected from 2024 Alabama House of Representatives election)

For related races, see 2024 United States elections.

The 2024 United States state legislative elections were held on November 5, 2024, for 85 state legislative chambers in 44 states. Across the fifty states, approximately 65 percent of all upper house seats and 85 percent of all lower house seats were up for election. Nine legislative chambers in the five permanently inhabited U.S. territories and the federal district of Washington, D.C., also held elections. The elections take place concurrently with several other federal, state, and local elections, including the presidential election, U.S. Senate elections, U.S. House elections, and gubernatorial elections.

2024 United States state legislative elections
← 2023 November 5, 2024 2025 →
85 legislative chambers
44 states
 
Party Republican Democratic Coalition
Current chambers 56 41 2[a][b]
2024 California Senate election2024 Nevada Senate election2024 Washington Senate election2024 Oregon Senate election2024 Alaska Senate election2024 Hawaii Senate election2024 Arizona Senate election2024 Utah Senate election2024 Idaho Senate election2024 Montana Senate election2024 Wyoming Senate election2024 Colorado Senate election2024 New Mexico Senate election2024 Texas Senate election2024 Oklahoma Senate election2024 Kansas Senate election2024 Nebraska Senate election2024 North Dakota Senate election2024 South Dakota Senate election2024 Iowa Senate election2024 Missouri Senate election2024 Arkansas Senate election2024 Wisconsin Senate election2024 Illinois Senate election2024 Indiana Senate election2024 Kentucky Senate election2024 Tennessee Senate election2024 Florida Senate election2024 Georgia Senate election2024 South Carolina Senate election2024 North Carolina Senate election2024 West Virginia Senate election2024 Ohio Senate election2024 Pennsylvania Senate election2024 Delaware Senate election2024 New York Senate election2024 Connecticut Senate election2024 Rhode Island Senate election2024 Massachusetts Senate election2024 Vermont Senate election2024 New Hampshire Senate election2024 Maine Senate election
Map of upper house elections:
     Democrats retained control
     Republicans retained control
     Coalition retained control
     Non-partisan legislature
     No regularly-scheduled elections
2024 California House of Representatives election2024 Nevada House of Representatives election2024 Washington House of Representatives election2024 Oregon House of Representatives election2024 Alaska House of Representatives election2024 Hawaii House of Representatives election2024 Arizona House of Representatives election2024 Utah House of Representatives election2024 Idaho House of Representatives election2024 Montana House of Representatives election2024 Wyoming House of Representatives election2024 Colorado House of Representatives election2024 New Mexico House of Representatives election2024 Texas House of Representatives election2024 Oklahoma House of Representatives election2024 Kansas House of Representatives election2024 Nebraska House of Representatives election2024 North Dakota House of Representatives election2024 South Dakota House of Representatives election2024 Minnesota House of Representatives election2024 Iowa House of Representatives election2024 Missouri House of Representatives election2024 Arkansas House of Representatives election2024 Wisconsin House of Representatives election2024 Illinois House of Representatives election2024 Michigan House of Representatives election2024 Indiana House of Representatives election2024 Kentucky House of Representatives election2024 Tennessee House of Representatives election2024 Florida House of Representatives election2024 Georgia House of Representatives election2024 South Carolina House of Representatives election2024 North Carolina House of Representatives election2024 West Virginia House of Representatives election2024 Ohio House of Representatives election2024 Pennsylvania House of Representatives election2024 Delaware House of Representatives election2024 New York House of Representatives election2024 Connecticut House of Representatives election2024 Rhode Island House of Representatives election2024 Massachusetts House of Representatives election2024 Vermont House of Representatives election2024 New Hampshire House of Representatives election2024 Maine House of Representatives election
Map of lower house elections:
     Democrats retained control
     Republicans gained control      Republicans retained control
     Unicameral legislature/No lower house
     No regularly-scheduled elections      Results TBD

Prior to the election, Republicans controlled 56 legislative chambers, while Democrats controlled 41. Both chambers of the Alaska Legislature were controlled by bipartisan coalitions. The states of Arizona, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, and Pennsylvania were expected to hold the most competitive elections for legislative control.[1] Additionally, court-ordered redistricting in Wisconsin was expected to lead to Democratic gains in both chambers of the Wisconsin Legislature.[2] Favorable redistricting from Montana's independent redistricting commission was also expected to lead to Democratic gains in that state.[3]

Republicans made very modest gains in state legislative chambers across the country, which were hampered by Democratic redistricting-based gains in states such as Montana and Wisconsin. Republicans only gained full control of the Michigan House of Representatives from Democrats. The net change in chamber control and the net change in seat control were both well below average for state legislative elections during the twenty-first century.[4] Republicans broke the Democratic supermajority in both houses of the Vermont General Assembly and the New York State Senate, while Democrats broke supermajorities in the North Carolina House of Representatives, both chambers of the Montana Legislature, the Ohio House of Representatives, and the Wisconsin Senate.

Control of multiple legislative chambers are still unknown pending recounts and coalition negotiations.

Summary table

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Regularly scheduled elections were held in 85 of the 99 state legislative chambers in the United States. Nationwide, regularly scheduled elections were held for 5,809 of the 7,383 legislative seats. Many legislative chambers held elections for all seats, but some legislative chambers that use staggered elections held elections for only a portion of the total seats in the chamber. The chambers not up for election either hold regularly-scheduled elections in odd-numbered years, or have four-year terms and hold all regularly scheduled elections in presidential midterm election years.

Note that this table only covers regularly scheduled elections; additional special elections took place concurrently with these regularly scheduled elections.

State Upper house Lower house
Seats up Total % up Term Seats up Total % up Term
Alabama 0 35 0 4 0 105 0 4
Alaska 10 20 50 4 40 40 100 2
Arizona 30 30 100 2 60 60 100 2
Arkansas 18 35 51 2/4[c] 100 100 100 2
California 20 40 50 4 80 80 100 2
Colorado 18 35 51 4 65 65 100 2
Connecticut 36 36 100 2 151 151 100 2
Delaware 10 21 52 2/4[c] 41 41 100 2
Florida 20 40 50 2/4[c] 120 120 100 2
Georgia 56 56 100 2 180 180 100 2
Hawaii 12 25 52 2/4[c] 51 51 100 2
Idaho 35 35 100 2 70 70 100 2
Illinois 20 59 34 2/4[c] 118 118 100 2
Indiana 25 50 50 4 100 100 100 2
Iowa 25 50 50 4 100 100 100 2
Kansas 40 40 100 4 125 125 100 2
Kentucky 19 38 50 4 100 100 100 2
Louisiana 0 39 0 4 0 105 0 4
Maine 35 35 100 2 151 151 100 2
Maryland 0 47 0 4 0 141 0 4
Massachusetts 40 40 100 2 160 160 100 2
Michigan 0 38 0 4 110 110 100 2
Minnesota 0 67 0 2/4[c] 134 134 100 2
Mississippi 0 52 0 4 0 122 0 4
Missouri 17 34 50 4 163 163 100 2
Montana 25 50 50 4 100 100 100 2
Nebraska 25[d] 49[d] 51[d] 4 N/A (unicameral)
Nevada 10 21 48 4 42 42 100 2
New Hampshire 24 24 100 2 400 400 100 2
New Jersey 0 40 0 2/4[c] 0 80 0 2
New Mexico 42 42 100 4 70 70 100 2
New York 63 63 100 2 150 150 100 2
North Carolina 50 50 100 2 120 120 100 2
North Dakota 23 47 49 4 47 94 50 4
Ohio 16 33 48 4 99 99 100 2
Oklahoma 24 48 50 4 101 101 100 2
Oregon 15 30 50 4 60 60 100 2
Pennsylvania 25 50 50 4 203 203 100 2
Rhode Island 38 38 100 2 75 75 100 2
South Carolina 46 46 100 4 124 124 100 2
South Dakota 35 35 100 2 70 70 100 2
Tennessee 16 33 48 4 99 99 100 2
Texas 15 31 52 2/4[c] 150 150 100 2
Utah 15 29 52 4 75 75 100 2
Vermont 30 30 100 2 150 150 100 2
Virginia 0 40 0 4 0 100 0 2
Washington 25 49 51 4 98 98 100 2
West Virginia 17 34 50 4 100 100 100 2
Wisconsin 16 33 48 4 99 99 100 2
Wyoming 15 31 48 4 62 62 100 2
Total 1096 1973 65 N/A 4597 5413 85 N/A

Election predictions

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Several sites and individuals publish predictions of competitive chambers. These predictions look at factors such as the strength of the party, the strength of the candidates, and the partisan leanings of the state (reflected in part by the state's Cook Partisan Voting Index rating). The predictions assign ratings to each chambers, with the rating indicating the predicted advantage that a party has in winning that election.

Most election predictors use:

  • "Tossup": No advantage
  • "Tilt": Advantage that is not quite as strong as "lean"
  • "Lean": Slight advantage
  • "Likely": Significant, but surmountable, advantage[e]
  • "Safe" or "Solid": Near-certain chance of victory
State PVI[5] Chamber Last
election 		CNalysis[f]
Nov. 5, 2024[6] 		Sabato
Oct. 23, 2024[7] 		Result
Alaska R+8 Senate Coal. 17–3 Solid Coal. Lean Coal.
House Coal. 23–16–1 Tossup Tossup
Arizona R+2 Senate R 16–14 Tossup Tossup R 17–13
House R 31–29 Tossup Tossup
Arkansas R+16 Senate R 29–6 Solid R Safe R R 29–6
House R 82–18 Solid R Safe R R 81–18
California D+13 Senate D 32–8 Solid D Safe D
Assembly D 62–18 Solid D Safe D
Colorado D+4 Senate D 23–12 Solid D Safe D D 23–12
House D 46–19 Solid D Safe D
Connecticut D+7 Senate D 24–12 Solid D Safe D D 25–11
House D 98–53 Solid D Safe D
Delaware D+7 Senate D 15–6 Solid D Safe D D 15–6
House D 26–15 Solid D Safe D D 27–14
Florida R+3 Senate R 28–12 Solid R Safe R R 28–12
House R 85–35 Solid R Safe R R 85–35
Georgia R+3 Senate R 33–23 Solid R Safe R R 33–23
House R 101–79 Safe R Safe R R 99–81
Hawaii D+14 Senate D 23–2 Solid D Safe D D 22–3
House D 45–6 Solid D Safe D D 42–9
Idaho R+18 Senate R 28–7 Solid R Safe R R 29–6
House R 59–11 Solid R Safe R R 61–9
Illinois D+7 Senate D 40–19 Solid D Safe D D 40–19
House D 78–40 Solid D Safe D
Indiana R+11 Senate R 40–10 Solid R Safe R R 40–10
House R 70–30 Solid R Safe R R 70–30
Iowa R+6 Senate R 34–16 Solid R Safe R R 34–16
House R 64–36 Very Likely R Safe R R 67–33
Kansas R+10 Senate R 29–11 Solid R Likely R R 31–9
House R 85–40 Solid R Likely R R 86–39
Kentucky R+16 Senate R 31–7 Solid R Safe R R 31–7
House R 80–20 Solid R Safe R R 80–20
Maine D+2 Senate D 22–13 Likely D Likely D
House D 82–67–2 Likely D Lean D
Massachusetts D+15 Senate D 37–3 Solid D Safe D D 35–5
House D 134–25–1 Solid D Safe D
Michigan R+1 House D 56–54 Tossup Tossup R 58–52
Minnesota D+1 House D 70–64 Likely D Tossup D 67–67
Missouri R+10 Senate R 24–10 Solid R Safe R R 24–10
House R 111–52 Solid R Safe R R 111–52
Montana R+11 Senate R 34–16 Solid R Likely R R 32–18
House R 68–32 Solid R Likely R R 58–42
Nevada R+1 Senate D 13–8 Solid D Safe D D 13–8
Assembly D 28–14 Very Likely D Safe D D 27–15
New Hampshire D+1 Senate R 14–10 Tossup Lean R R 16–8
House R 201–199 Tilt D (flip) Tossup R 222–178
New Mexico D+3 Senate D 27–15 Solid D Safe D D 26–16
House D 45–25 Solid D Safe D D 44–26
New York D+10 Senate D 42–21 Solid D Safe D D 41–22
Assembly D 102–48 Solid D Safe D
North Carolina R+3 Senate R 30–20 Solid R Likely R
House R 71–49 Solid R Likely R R 71–49
North Dakota R+20 Senate R 43–4 Solid R Safe R R 42–5
House R 82–12 Solid R Safe R R 83–11
Ohio R+6 Senate R 26–7 Solid R Safe R R 24–9
House R 67–32 Solid R Likely R R 65–34
Oklahoma R+20 Senate R 40–8 Solid R Safe R R 40–8
House R 81–20 Solid R Safe R R 81–20
Oregon D+6 Senate D 17–12–1 Solid D Safe D D 18–12
House D 35–25 Solid D Safe D D 35–25
Pennsylvania R+2 Senate R 28–22 Likely R Lean R R 28–22
House D 102–101 Tossup Tossup D 102–101
Rhode Island D+8 Senate D 33–5 Solid D Safe D
House D 65–9–1 Solid D Safe D
South Carolina R+8 Senate R 30–16 Solid R Safe R R 34–12
House R 88–36 Solid R Safe R R 88–36
South Dakota R+16 Senate R 31–4 Solid R Safe R R 32–3
House R 63–7 Solid R Safe R R 64–6
Tennessee R+14 Senate R 27–6 Solid R Safe R R 27–6
House R 75–24 Solid R Safe R R 75–24
Texas R+5 Senate R 19–12 Solid R Safe R R 20–11
House R 86–64 Very Likely R Safe R R 88–62
Utah R+13 Senate R 23–6 Solid R Safe R R 23–6
House R 61–14 Solid R Safe R
Vermont D+16 Senate D 22–7–1 Solid D Safe D D 16–13–1
House D 104–38–5–3 Solid D Safe D
Washington D+8 Senate D 29–20 Solid D Likely D D 29–20
House D 58–40 Solid D Likely D D 59–39
West Virginia R+22 Senate R 30–4 Solid R Safe R R 32–2
House R 88–12 Solid R Safe R R 91–9
Wisconsin R+2 Senate R 22–11 Solid R Likely R R 18–15
Assembly R 64–35 Tilt R Lean R R 54–45
Wyoming R+25 Senate R 29–2 Solid R Safe R R 29–2
House R 57–5 Solid R Safe R R 56–6

State summaries

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Alaska

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Main articles: 2024 Alaska Senate election and 2024 Alaska House of Representatives election

Half of the seats of the Alaska Senate and all of the seats of the Alaska House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. The Alaska Senate and the Alaska House of Representatives are controlled by coalitions of Democrats, Republicans, and independents. The Alaska House of Representatives and the Alaska Senate are currently the only two state legislative chambers controlled by a cross-partisan coalition.

Alaska Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Gary Stevens 9[b] 9  
Republican 8 11  
— 3
Total 20 20  
Alaska House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Calvin Schrage 1
Cathy Tilton 20[a]
Independent 1 5  
Calvin Schrage 4
Democratic 11
Cathy Tilton 2
Independent
Republican 		— 1[g] 0   1
Total 40 40  

Arizona

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Main articles: 2024 Arizona Senate election and 2024 Arizona House of Representatives election

All of the seats of the Arizona Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

Arizona Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Warren Petersen 16 17   1
Democratic Mitzi Epstein 14 13   1
Total 30 30  
Arizona House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Ben Toma (term-limited) 31
Democratic Lupe Contreras 29
Total 60 60  

Arkansas

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Main articles: 2024 Arkansas Senate election and 2024 Arkansas House of Representatives election

Half of the seats of the Arkansas Senate and all of the seats of the Arkansas House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

Arkansas State Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Bart Hester 29 29  
Democratic Greg Leding 6 6  
Total 35 35  
Arkansas House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Matthew Shepherd 82 81   1
Democratic Tippi McCullough 18 19   1
Total 100 100  

California

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Main articles: 2024 California State Senate election and 2024 California State Assembly election

Half of the seats of the California State Senate and all of the seats of the California State Assembly were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

California State Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Mike McGuire 32
Republican Brian Jones 8
Total 40 40  
California General Assembly
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Robert Rivas 62
Republican James Gallagher 18
Total 80 80  

Colorado

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Main articles: 2024 Colorado Senate election and 2024 Colorado House of Representatives election

Half of the seats of the Colorado Senate and all of the seats of the Colorado House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Colorado State Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Steve Fenberg (term-limited) 23 23  
Republican Paul Lundeen 12 12  
Total 35 35  
Colorado House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Julie McCluskie 46
Republican Rose Pugliese 19
Total 65 65  

Connecticut

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Main articles: 2024 Connecticut State Senate election and 2024 Connecticut House of Representatives election

All of the seats of the Connecticut State Senate and the Connecticut House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Connecticut State Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Martin Looney 24
Republican Stephen Harding 12
Total 36 36  
Connecticut House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Matthew Ritter 98
Republican Vincent Candelora 53
Total 151 151  

Delaware

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Main articles: 2024 Delaware Senate election and 2024 Delaware House of Representatives election

Half of the seats of the Delaware State Senate and all of the Delaware House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats maintained control of both chambers.

Delaware State Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic David Sokola 15 15  
Republican Gerald Hocker 6 6  
Total 21 21  
Delaware House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Valerie Longhurst (lost renomination) 26 27   1
Republican Michael Ramone (retiring) 15 14   1
Total 41 41  

Florida

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Main articles: 2024 Florida Senate election and 2024 Florida House of Representatives election

Half of the seats of the Florida Senate and all of the seats of the Florida House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

Florida Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Kathleen Passidomo (term-limited) 28 28  
Democratic Lauren Book (term-limited) 12 12  
Total 40 40  
Florida House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Paul Renner (term-limited) 84 85   1
Democratic Fentrice Driskell 36 35   1
Total 120 120  

Georgia

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Main articles: 2024 Georgia State Senate election and 2024 Georgia House of Representatives election

All of the seats of the Georgia State Senate and the Georgia House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

Georgia State Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican John Kennedy 33 33  
Democratic Gloria Butler (retiring) 23 23  
Total 56 56  
Georgia House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Jon Burns 102
Democratic James Beverly (retiring) 78
Total 180 180  

Hawaii

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Main articles: 2024 Hawaii Senate election and 2024 Hawaii House of Representatives election

Half of the seats of the Hawaii Senate and all of the seats of the Hawaii House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Hawaii Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Ron Kouchi 23 22   1
Republican Kurt Fevella 2 3   1
Total 25 25  
Hawaii House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Scott Saiki (lost renomination) 45 42   3
Republican Lauren Matsumoto 6 9   3
Total 51 51  

Idaho

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Main articles: 2024 Idaho Senate election and 2024 Idaho House of Representatives election

All of the seats of the Idaho Senate and the Idaho House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Conflict within the Idaho Republican Party's freedom caucus and more moderate wing led to a high number of primary challenges. These challenges resulted in modest gains for the freedom caucus, including the ouster of Senate President Pro Tempore Chuck Winder.[8] In the general election, Republicans won a handful of seats from the Democrats, further expanding their supermajorities in both legislative chambers.[9]

Idaho Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Chuck Winder (lost renomination) 28 29   1
Democratic Melissa Wintrow 7 6   1
Total 35 35  
Idaho House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Mike Moyle 59 61   2
Democratic Ilana Rubel 11 9   2
Total 70 70  

Illinois

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Main articles: 2024 Illinois Senate election and 2024 Illinois House of Representatives election

One third of the seats of the Illinois Senate and all of the seats of the Illinois House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Illinois Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Don Harmon 40 40  
Republican John Curran 19 19  
Total 59 59  
Illinois House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Chris Welch 78
Republican Tony McCombie 40
Total 118 118  

Indiana

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Main articles: 2024 Indiana Senate election and 2024 Indiana House of Representatives election

Half of the seats of the Indiana Senate and all of the seats of the Indiana House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

Indiana Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Rodric Bray 40 40  
Democratic Greg Taylor 10 10  
Total 50 50  
Indiana House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Todd Huston 70 70  
Democratic Phil GiaQuinta 30 30  
Total 100 100  

Iowa

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Main articles: 2024 Iowa Senate election and 2024 Iowa House of Representatives election

Half of the seats of the Iowa Senate and all of the seats of the Iowa House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

Iowa Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Amy Sinclair 34 34  
Democratic Pam Jochum (retiring) 16 16  
Total 50 50  
Iowa House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Pat Grassley 64 67   3
Democratic Jennifer Konfrst 36 33   3
Total 100 100  

Kansas

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Main articles: 2024 Kansas Senate election and 2024 Kansas House of Representatives election

All of the seats of the Kansas Senate and the Kansas House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

Kansas Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Ty Masterson 28
Democratic Dinah Sykes 11
Independent Dennis Pyle 1
Total 40 40  
Kansas House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Daniel Hawkins 85
Democratic Vic Miller (retiring) 40
Total 125 125  

Kentucky

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Main articles: 2024 Kentucky Senate election and 2024 Kentucky House of Representatives election

Half of the seats of the Kentucky Senate and all of the seats of the Kentucky House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans maintained supermajorities in both chambers with no net change in seat share in either.[10]

Kentucky Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Robert Stivers 31 31  
Democratic Gerald Neal 7 7  
Total 38 38  
Kentucky House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican David Osborne 80 80  
Democratic Derrick Graham (retired) 20 20  
Total 100 100  

Maine

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Main articles: 2024 Maine State Senate election and 2024 Maine House of Representatives election

All of the seats of the Maine Senate and the Maine House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Maine Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Troy Jackson (term-limited) 22
Republican Trey Stewart 13
Total 35 35  
Maine House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Rachel Talbot Ross (term-limited) 81
Republican Billy Bob Faulkingham 68
Independent — 2
Total 151 151  

Massachusetts

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Main articles: 2024 Massachusetts Senate election and 2024 Massachusetts House of Representatives election

All of the seats of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Massachusetts Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Karen Spilka 36 35   1
Republican Bruce Tarr 4 5   1
Total 40 40  
Massachusetts House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Ron Mariano 134
Independent 1
Republican Bradley Jones Jr. 25
Total 160 160  

Michigan

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Main article: 2024 Michigan House of Representatives election

All of the seats of the Michigan House of Representatives were up for election in 2024; the Michigan Senate did not hold regularly-scheduled elections. Republicans won control of the House from the Democrats, creating a divided government.[11]

Michigan House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Joe Tate 56 52   4
Republican Matt Hall 54 58   4
Total 110 110  

Minnesota

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Main article: 2024 Minnesota House of Representatives election

All of the seats of the Minnesota House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. The Minnesota Senate did not hold regularly scheduled elections in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Minnesota House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic (DFL) Melissa Hortman 70 67   3
Republican Lisa Demuth 64 67   3
Total 134 134  

Missouri

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Main articles: 2024 Missouri State Senate election and 2024 Missouri House of Representatives election

Half of the seats of the Missouri Senate and all of the seats of the Missouri House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

Missouri Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Caleb Rowden (term-limited) 24 24  
Democratic Doug Beck 10 10  
Total 34 34  
Missouri House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Dean Plocher (term-limited) 111 111  
Democratic Crystal Quade (term-limited) 52 52  
Total 163 163  

Montana

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Main articles: 2024 Montana Senate election and 2024 Montana House of Representatives election

Half of the seats of the Montana Senate and all of the seats of the Montana House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. This was be the first election under new legislative lines drawn by an independent, bipartisan commission as Montana does not adopt new legislative lines until 4 years after the census.[12] Aided by the new maps, Democrats broke the Republicans' legislative supermajority in both chambers, although Republicans still maintained control.[13]

Montana Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Jason Ellsworth 34 32   2
Democratic Pat Flowers 16 18   2
Total 50 50  
Montana House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Matt Regier (term-limited) 68  
Democratic Kim Abbott (term-limited) 32  
Total 100 100  

Nebraska

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Main article: 2024 Nebraska Legislature election

Nebraska is the only U.S. state with a unicameral legislature; half of the seats of the Nebraska Legislature were up for election in 2024. Nebraska is also unique in that its legislature is officially non-partisan and holds non-partisan elections, although the Democratic and Republican parties each endorse legislative candidates.

Nebraska Legislature
Party Before After Change
Republican 33 33  
Democratic 15 15  
Independent 1 1  
Total 49 49  

Nevada

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Main articles: 2024 Nevada State Senate election and 2024 Nevada Assembly election

Half of the seats of the Nevada Senate and all of the seats of the Nevada Assembly were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Nevada Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Nicole Cannizzaro 13 13  
Republican Robin Titus 8 8  
Total 21 21  
Nevada Assembly
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Steve Yeager 28 27   1
Republican P. K. O'Neill 14 15   1
Total 42 42  

New Hampshire

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Main articles: 2024 New Hampshire Senate election and 2024 New Hampshire House of Representatives election

All of the seats of the New Hampshire Senate and the New Hampshire House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans maintained control of both chambers.

New Hampshire Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Jeb Bradley (retiring) 14 16   2
Democratic Donna Soucy (defeated) 10 8   2
Total 24 24  
New Hampshire House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Sherman Packard 202 222   20
Democratic Matthew Wilhelm 195 178   17
Independent — 3 0   3
Total 400 400  

New Mexico

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Main articles: 2024 New Mexico Senate election and 2024 New Mexico House of Representatives election

All of the seats of the New Mexico Senate and the New Mexico House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

New Mexico Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Mimi Stewart 27 26   1
Republican Gregory A. Baca (retiring) 15 16   1
Total 42 42  
New Mexico House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Javier Martínez 45 44   1
Republican Rod Montoya 25 26   1
Total 70 70  

New York

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Main articles: 2024 New York State Senate election and 2024 New York State Assembly election

All of the seats of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

New York State Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Andrea Stewart-Cousins 42
Republican Rob Ortt 21
Total 63 63  
New York State Assembly
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Carl Heastie 102
Republican William Barclay 48
Total 150 150  

North Carolina

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Main articles: 2024 North Carolina Senate election and 2024 North Carolina House of Representatives election

All of the seats of the North Carolina Senate and the North Carolina House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

North Carolina Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Phil Berger 30
Democratic Dan Blue 20
Total 50 50  
North Carolina House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Tim Moore (retiring) 72
Democratic Robert Reives 48
Total 120 120  

North Dakota

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Main articles: 2024 North Dakota Senate election and 2024 North Dakota House of Representatives election

Half of the seats of the North Dakota Senate and the North Dakota House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

North Dakota Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Donald Schaible 43 42   1
Democratic-NPL Kathy Hogan 4 5   1
Total 47 47  
North Dakota House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Dennis Johnson (retiring) 82 83   1
Democratic-NPL Zac Ista 12 11   1
Total 94 94  

Ohio

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Main articles: 2024 Ohio Senate election and 2024 Ohio House of Representatives election

Half of the seats of the Ohio Senate and all of the seats of the Ohio House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans maintained control of both chambers, but Democrats made minor gains in each, breaking Republicans' two-thirds supermajority in the House.[14]

Ohio Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Matt Huffman (term-limited) 26 24   2
Democratic Nickie Antonio 7 9   2
Total 33 33  
Ohio House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Jason Stephens 67 65   2
Democratic Allison Russo 32 34   2
Total 99 99  

Oklahoma

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Main articles: 2024 Oklahoma Senate election and 2024 Oklahoma House of Representatives election

Half of the seats of the Oklahoma Senate and all of the seats of the Oklahoma House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

Oklahoma Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Greg Treat (term-limited) 40 40  
Democratic Kay Floyd (term-limited) 8 8  
Total 48 48  
Oklahoma House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Charles McCall (term-limited) 81 81  
Democratic Cyndi Munson 20 20  
Total 101 101  

Oregon

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Main articles: 2024 Oregon Senate election and 2024 Oregon House of Representatives election

Half of the seats of the Oregon State Senate and all of the seats of the Oregon House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Oregon State Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Rob Wagner 17 18   1
Republican Daniel Bonham 11 12   1
Oregon Independent Brian Boquist (disqualified)[h] 1 0   1
Independent Republican — 1 0   1
Total 30 30  
Oregon House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Julie Fahey 35 35  
Republican Jeff Helfrich 25 25  
Total 60 60  

Pennsylvania

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Main articles: 2024 Pennsylvania Senate election and 2024 Pennsylvania House of Representatives election

Half of the seats of the Pennsylvania State Senate and all of the seats of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. There was no net change in seat composition in either chamber, leaving Republicans with control of the Senate and Democrats with control of the House.[16]

Pennsylvania State Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Kim Ward 28 28  
Democratic Jay Costa 22 22  
Total 50 50  
Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Joanna McClinton 102 102  
Republican Bryan Cutler 101 101  
Total 203 203  

Rhode Island

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Main articles: 2024 Rhode Island Senate election and 2024 Rhode Island House of Representatives election

All of the seats of the Rhode Island Senate and the Rhode Island House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Rhode Island Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Dominick J. Ruggerio 33
Republican Jessica de la Cruz 5
Total 38 38  
Rhode Island House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Joe Shekarchi 65
Republican Michael Chippendale 9
Independent 1
Total 75 75  

South Carolina

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Main articles: 2024 South Carolina Senate election and 2024 South Carolina House of Representatives election

All of the seats of the South Carolina Senate and the South Carolina House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

South Carolina Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Thomas C. Alexander 30  
Democratic Brad Hutto 15  
Independent Mia McLeod 1 0   1
Total 46 46  
South Carolina House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Murrell Smith Jr. 88 88  
Democratic Todd Rutherford 36 36  
Total 124 124  

South Dakota

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Main articles: 2024 South Dakota Senate election and 2024 South Dakota House of Representatives election

All of the seats of the South Dakota Senate and the South Dakota House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

South Dakota Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Lee Schoenbeck (retiring) 31 32   1
Democratic Reynold Nesiba (term-limited) 4 3   1
Total 35 35  
South Dakota House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Hugh Bartels (term-limited) 63 64   1
Democratic Oren Lesmeister (term-limited) 7 6   1
Total 70 70  

Tennessee

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Main articles: 2024 Tennessee Senate election and 2024 Tennessee House of Representatives election

Half of the seats of the Tennessee Senate and all of the seats of the Tennessee House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans maintained control of both chambers.

Tennessee Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Randy McNally 27 27  
Democratic Raumesh Akbari 6 6  
Total 33 33  
Tennessee House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Cameron Sexton 75 75  
Democratic Karen Camper 24 24  
Total 99 99  

Texas

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Main articles: 2024 Texas Senate election and 2024 Texas House of Representatives election

Half of the seats of the Texas Senate and all of the seats of the Texas House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers. Texas House Republicans have experienced considerable intraparty strife over issues such as school vouchers and the 2023 impeachment of Ken Paxton, the state's attorney general. Retirements and primary battles left over 30 seats open for the general election.[17][18] Republicans made minor gains in both legislative chambers, flipping two House seats and one Senate seat in the heavily Hispanic and historically-Democratic Rio Grande Valley.[19]

Texas Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Charles Schwertner 19 20   1
Democratic Carol Alvarado 12 11   1
Total 31 31  
Texas House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Dade Phelan 87 88   1
Democratic Trey Martinez Fischer 63 62   1
Total 150 150  

Utah

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Main articles: 2024 Utah Senate election and 2024 Utah House of Representatives election

Half of the seats of the Utah State Senate and all of the seats of the Utah House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

Utah Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican J. Stuart Adams 23 23  
Democratic Luz Escamilla 6 6  
Total 29 29  
Utah House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Mike Schultz 61 61  
Democratic Angela Romero 14 14  
Total 75 75  

Vermont

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Main articles: 2024 Vermont Senate election and 2024 Vermont House of Representatives election

All of the seats of the Vermont Senate and the Vermont House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans made significant gains in both legislative chambers, breaking the Democratic supermajorities in each.[20]

Vermont Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Philip Baruth 22 16   6
Republican Randy Brock 7 13   6
Progressive Tanya Vyhovsky 1 1  
Total 30 30  
Vermont House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Jill Krowinski 105 87   18
Republican Patricia McCoy 37 56   19
Progressive Taylor Small (retiring) 4 4  
Independent — 3 3  
Libertarian Jarrod Sammis 1 0   1
Total 150 150  

Washington

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Main articles: 2024 Washington State Senate election and 2024 Washington House of Representatives election

Half of the seats of the Washington State Senate and all of the seats of the Washington House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Washington State Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Karen Keiser 29
Republican John Braun 20
Total 49 49  
Washington House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Laurie Jinkins 58 59   1
Republican Drew Stokesbary 40 39   1
Total 98 98  

West Virginia

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Main articles: 2024 West Virginia Senate election and 2024 West Virginia House of Delegates election

Half of the seats of the West Virginia Senate and all of the seats of the West Virginia House of Delegates were up for election in 2024. Republicans expanded their supermajorities in both legislative chambers, flipping three open Democratic-held seats in the general election.[21]

West Virginia Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Craig Blair (lost renomination) 31 32   1
Democratic Mike Woelfel 3 2   1
Total 34 34  
West Virginia House of Delegates
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Roger Hanshaw 89 91   2
Democratic Sean Hornbuckle 11 9   2
Total 100 100  

Wisconsin

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Main articles: 2024 Wisconsin Senate election and 2024 Wisconsin State Assembly election

Half of the seats of the Wisconsin Senate and all of the seats of the Wisconsin State Assembly were up for election in 2024. Redistricting ordered by the Wisconsin Supreme Court completely reshuffled the state's legislative districts, leaving dozens of seats across both chambers with no incumbents. The new maps were considered favorable to Democrats than previous maps.[22] Aided by this favorable redistricting, Democrats made significant gains in both legislative chambers, breaking the supermajority in the Senate, though Republicans still maintained legislative control.[23]

Wisconsin Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Chris Kapenga 22 18   4
Democratic Dianne Hesselbein 11 15   4
Total 33 33  
Wisconsin State Assembly
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Robin Vos 64 54   10
Democratic Greta Neubauer 35 45   10
Total 99 99  

Wyoming

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Main articles: 2024 Wyoming State Senate election and 2024 Wyoming House of Representatives election

Half of the seats of the Wyoming Senate and all of the seats of the Wyoming House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. The far-right freedom caucus of the Wyoming Republican Party ousted several incumbents in the Republican primaries. In the general election, despite a Democratic gain in a majority-native district, the freedom caucus won a majority of seats in the House of Representatives.[24] The Republican supermajority in the Senate remained unchanged.

Wyoming Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Ogden Driskill 29 29  
Democratic Chris Rothfuss 2 2  
Total 31 31  
Wyoming House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Albert Sommers (retiring) 57 56   1
Democratic Mike Yin 5 6   1
Total 62 62  

Territorial and federal district summaries

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American Samoa

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All of the seats of the American Samoa Senate and the American Samoa House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Members of the Senate serve four-year terms, while members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms. Gubernatorial and legislative elections are conducted on a nonpartisan basis in American Samoa.

Guam

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All of the seats of the unicameral Legislature of Guam were up for election in 2024. All members of the legislature serve a two-year term.

Guam Legislature
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Frank Blas 6 9   3
Democratic Therese M. Terlaje 9 6   3
Total 15 15  

Northern Mariana Islands

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A portion of the seats of the Northern Mariana Islands Senate, and all of the seats of the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives, were up for election in 2024. Members of the Senate serve either four-year terms, while members of the House serve two-year terms.

Northern Mariana Islands Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Francisco Cruz 4 4  
Independent Corina Magofna 3 3  
Democratic Edith DeLeon Guerrero 2 2  
Total 9 9  
Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Independent Edmund Villagomez 13 16   3
Democratic Ed Propst (retiring) 4 2   2
Republican Patrick San Nicolas 3 2   1
Total 20 20  

Puerto Rico

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All of the seats of the Senate of Puerto Rico and the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico were up for election in 2024. Members of the Senate and the House of Representatives both serve four-year terms.

Puerto Rico Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Popular Democratic José Luis Dalmau 12
New Progressive Thomas Rivera Schatz 10
Citizen's Victory Movement Ana Irma Rivera Lassén (retiring) 2
Puerto Rican Independence María de Lourdes Santiago 1
Project Dignity Joanne Rodríguez Veve 1
Independent Vargas Vidot 1
Total 27 27  
Puerto Rico House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Popular Democratic Tatito Hernández (retiring) 25
New Progressive Carlos Johnny Méndez 21
Citizen's Victory Movement Mariana Nogales Molinelli 2
Puerto Rican Independence Denis Márquez Lebrón 1
Project Dignity Lisie Burgos Muñiz 1
Independent Luis Raúl Torres Cruz 1
Total 51 51  

U.S. Virgin Islands

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All of the seats of the unicameral Legislature of the Virgin Islands were up for election in 2024. All members of the legislature serve a two-year term.

Virgin Islands Legislature
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Novelle Francis 11 12   1
Independent Dwayne DeGraff 4 3   1
Total 15 15  

Washington, D.C.

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The Council of the District of Columbia serves as the legislative branch of the federal district of Washington, D.C. Half of the council seats were up for election in 2024. Council members serve four-year terms.

District of Columbia Council
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Phil Mendelson 11 11  
Independent 2 2  
Total 13 13  

Special elections

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There were fifty-four state legislative special elections scheduled for 2024.[25]

Alabama

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District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected 		Results Candidates
House 16 Kyle South Republican 2014 Incumbent resigned June 30, 2023, to become president and CEO of the Chamber of Commerce of West Alabama.[26]
New member elected January 9, 2024.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Bryan Brinyark (Republican) 83.4%
  • ▌John Underwood (Democratic) 16.5%
  • ▌Write-in 0.1%[27]
House 55 Fred Plump Democratic 2022 Incumbent resigned May 23, 2023, after being charged with conspiracy to commit wire fraud and obstruction of justice.[28]
New member elected outright after the January 9, 2024, special election was cancelled.
Democratic hold.
House 10 David Cole Republican 2022 Incumbent resigned August 31, 2023, after being charged with voter fraud.[30]
New member elected March 26, 2024.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌ Y Marilyn Lands (Democratic) 62.3%
  • ▌Teddy Powell (Republican) 37.5%
  • ▌Write-in 0.2%[31]
Senate 9 Clay Scofield Republican 2010 Incumbent resigned October 30, 2023, to become executive vice president of the Business Council of Alabama.[32]
New member elected outright after the April 23, 2024, special election was cancelled.
Republican hold.
House 27 Wes Kitchens Republican 2018 Incumbent resigned January 23, 2024, to join the State Senate.[34]
New member elected outright after the July 16, 2024, special election was cancelled.
Republican hold.
House 52 John Rogers Democratic 1982 Incumbent resigned March 13, 2024, after being charged with conspiracy to commit mail and wire fraud and conspiracy to obstruct justice.[36]
New member elected October 1, 2024.
Democratic hold.

Connecticut

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District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected 		Results Candidates
House 115 Dorinda Keenan Borer Democratic 2017
(special) 		Incumbent resigned December 2, 2023, to become mayor of West Haven.[38]
New member elected January 23, 2024.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌ Y Bill Heffernan (Democratic) 55.7%
  • ▌Silvana Apicella (Republican) 22.7%
  • ▌Ed O'Brien (Independent) 21.6%[39]

Florida

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District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected 		Results Candidates
House 35 Fred Hawkins Republican 2020 Incumbent resigned June 30, 2023, to become president of South Florida State College.[40]
New member elected January 16, 2024.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌ Y Tom Keen (Democratic) 51.3%
  • ▌Erika Booth (Republican) 48.7%[41]
Senate 24 Bobby Powell Democratic 2016 Incumbent resigned November 4, 2024, to run for Palm Beach County Commission.[42]
New member elected outright after the November 5, 2024, special election was cancelled.
Democratic hold.

Georgia

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District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected 		Results Candidates
House 125 Barry Fleming Republican 2012 Incumbent resigned January 9, 2024, to become a Columbia Judicial District Superior Court judge.[44]
New member elected March 12, 2024, after no one received over 50% of the vote on February 13, 2024.
Republican hold.
Senate 30 Mike Dugan Republican 2012 Incumbent resigned January 3, 2024, to focus on his campaign for Georgia's 3rd congressional district.[47]
New member elected February 13, 2024.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Tim Bearden (Republican) 58.9%
  • ▌Ashley Kecskes Godwin (Democratic) 17.2%
  • ▌Bob Smith (Republican) 12.8%
  • ▌Renae Bell (Republican) 11.2%[48]
House 139 Richard H. Smith Republican 2004 Incumbent died January 30, 2024, from influenza.[49]
New member elected May 7, 2024, after no one received over 50% of the vote on April 9, 2024.
Republican hold.
  • First round:
  • ▌ Y Sean Knox (Republican) 42.6%
  • ▌ Y Carmen Rice (Republican) 42.1%
  • ▌Robert Mallard (Independent) 9.7%
  • ▌Don Moeller (Republican) 5.7%[50]
  • Runoff:
  • ▌ Y Carmen Rice (Republican) 55.8%
  • ▌Sean Knox (Republican) 44.2%[51]

Hawaii

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District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected 		Results Candidates
Senate 5 Gilbert Keith-Agaran Democratic 2013
(appointed) 		Incumbent resigned October 31, 2023, to focus on litigation about the 2023 Hawaii wildfires.[52]
Interim appointee elected outright after the November 5, 2024, special election was cancelled.[i]
Democratic hold.

Illinois

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District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected 		Results Candidates
Senate 5 Patricia Van Pelt Democratic 2012 Incumbent resigned August 1, 2023, due to health issues.[55]
New member elected November 5, 2024.[j]
Democratic hold.
Senate 20 Cristina Pacione-Zayas Democratic 2020
(appointed) 		Incumbent resigned May 31, 2023, to become Chicago mayor Brandon Johnson's deputy chief of staff.[58]
New member elected November 5, 2024.[k]
Democratic hold.
  • ▌ Y Graciela Guzman (Democratic) 80.5%
  • ▌Jason Proctor (Republican) 15.5%[57]
Senate 27 Ann Gillespie Democratic 2018 Incumbent resigned April 14, 2024, after being appointed as director of the Illinois Department of Insurance.[60]
New member elected November 5, 2024.[l]
Democratic hold.
Senate 53 Jason Barickman Republican 2012 Incumbent resigned January 11, 2023, due to increased work obligations outside of the legislature.[62]
New member elected November 5, 2024.[m]
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Chris Balkema (Republican)[57]

Kentucky

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District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected 		Results Candidates
House 24 Brandon Reed Republican 2016 Incumbent resigned January 15, 2024, to become executive director of the Kentucky Office of Agricultural Policy.[64]
New member elected March 19, 2024.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Courtney Gilbert (Republican) 62.5%
  • ▌John Pennington (Democratic) 22.7%
  • ▌Craig Astor (write-in) 14.9%[65]
House 26 Russell Webber Republican 2012 Incumbent resigned January 2, 2024, to become deputy treasurer of Kentucky.[66]
New member elected March 19, 2024.
Republican hold.

Maine

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District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected 		Results Candidates
House 122 Lois Reckitt Democratic 2016 Incumbent died October 30, 2023, of colon cancer.[67]
New member elected March 5, 2024.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌ Y Matthew D. Beck (Democratic) 74.4%
  • ▌Brendan Williams (Independent) 14.8%
  • ▌Tristram Howard (Independent) 10.8%[68]

Massachusetts

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District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected 		Results Candidates
House Worcester 6 Peter Durant Republican 2011
(special) 		Incumbent resigned November 29, 2023, to join the State Senate.[69]
New member elected March 5, 2024.
Republican hold.

Michigan

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District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected 		Results Candidates
House 13 Lori Stone Democratic 2018 Incumbent resigned November 20, 2023 to become mayor of Warren.[71]
New member elected April 16, 2024.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌ Y Mai Xiong (Democratic) 65.6%
  • ▌Ronald Singer (Republican) 34.4%[72]
House 25 Kevin Coleman Democratic 2018 Incumbent resigned November 11, 2023, to become mayor of Westland.[73]
New member elected April 16, 2024.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌ Y Peter Herzberg (Democratic) 59.6%
  • ▌Josh Powell (Republican) 38.3%
  • ▌Robert Stano (U.S. Taxpayers) 2.1%[72]

Minnesota

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District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected 		Results Candidates
House 27B Kurt Daudt Republican 2010 Incumbent resigned February 11, 2024.[74]
New member elected March 19, 2024.
Republican hold.
Senate 45 Kelly Morrison DFL 2022 Incumbent resigned June 6, 2024, to focus on her campaign for Minnesota's 3rd congressional district.[76]
New member elected November 5, 2024.
Democratic hold.

New Hampshire

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Main article: 2023–2024 New Hampshire state legislative special elections
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected 		Results Candidates
House Coos 1 Troy Merner Republican 2016 Incumbent resigned September 19, 2023, after moving out of his district.[78]
New member elected January 23, 2024.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Sean Durkin (Republican) 60.2%
  • ▌Cathleen Fountain (Democratic) 39.8%[39]
House Coos 6 William Hatch Democratic 2006 Incumbent resigned September 18, 2023, due to health issues.[79]
New member elected January 23, 2024.
Republican gain.
House Strafford 11 Hoy Menear Democratic 2022 Incumbent died November 13, 2023.[80]
New member elected March 12, 2024.
Democratic hold.
House Rockingham 21 Robin Vogt Democratic 2022 Incumbent resigned December 1, 2023, after moving out of his district.[82]
New member elected March 12, 2024.
Democratic hold.

New York

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District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected 		Results Candidates
Assembly 77 Latoya Joyner Democratic 2014 Incumbent resigned January 8, 2024, to take a job outside of government.[83]
New member elected February 13, 2024.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌ Y Landon Dais (Democratic) 74.6%
  • ▌▌Norman McGill (Republican) 20.1%
  • ▌Write-in 5.3%[84]

North Dakota

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District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative(s) Party First
elected 		Results Candidates
House 9
(2 seats) 		Jayme Davis
Redistricted from District 9A 		Democratic-NPL 2022 Special election called after District Judge Peter D. Welte held that North Dakota's legislative maps violated the Voting Rights Act.[85]
Members elected November 5, 2024.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌ Y Jayme Davis (Democratic-NPL) 32.2%
  • ▌ Y Collette Brown (Democratic-NPL) 24.4%
  • ▌David Brien (Republican) 24.1%
  • ▌Robert Graywater (Republican) 19.3%[86]
House 15
(2 seats) 		Kathy Frelich
Donna Henderson
Redistricted from District 9B 		Republican 2022
2022 		Special election called after District Judge Peter D. Welte held that North Dakota's legislative maps violated the Voting Rights Act.[85]
Members re-elected November 5, 2024.
Republican hold.
House 23 Scott Dyk Republican 2022 Incumbent resigned April 7, 2024, due to family health issues.[87]
Interim appointee elected November 5, 2024.[n]
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Dennis Nehring (Republican) 83.7%
  • ▌Mark Casler (Democratic-NPL) 15.8%
  • ▌Write-in 0.5%[86]
Senate 9 Judy Estenson
Redistricted from District 15 		Republican 2022 Special election called after District Judge Peter D. Welte held that North Dakota's legislative maps violated the Voting Rights Act.[85]
New member elected November 5, 2024.
Democratic gain.
Senate 15 Kent Weston
Redistricted from District 9 		Republican 2022 Special election called after District Judge Peter D. Welte held that North Dakota's legislative maps violated the Voting Rights Act.[85]
Member re-elected November 5, 2024.
Republican hold.

Ohio

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District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected 		Results Candidates
Senate 33 Michael Rulli Republican 2018 Incumbent resigned June 12, 2024, after being elected to the U.S. House of Representatives.[89]
Interim appointee elected November 5, 2024.[o]
Republican hold.

Oklahoma

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District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected 		Results Candidates
House 39 Ryan Martinez Republican 2016 Incumbent resigned September 1, 2023, after pleading guilty to driving while under the influence.[92]
New member elected February 13, 2024.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Erick Harris (Republican) 50.4%
  • ▌Regan Raff (Democratic) 45.1%
  • ▌Richard Prawdzienski (Libertarian) 4.5%[93]
Senate 46 Kay Floyd Democratic 2014 Incumbent resigned November 13, 2024, due to term limits.[94]
New member elected November 5, 2024.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌ Y Mark Mann (Democratic) 60.4%
  • ▌Charles Barton (Republican) 34.3%
  • ▌David Pilchman (Independent) 5.3%[95]
Senate 48 George E. Young Democratic 2018 Incumbent resigned November 15, 2024.[96]
New member elected outright after the November 5, 2024, special election was cancelled.
Democratic hold.

Pennsylvania

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District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected 		Results Candidates
House 140 John Galloway Democratic 2006 Incumbent resigned December 14, 2023, to become a district court judge.[98]
New member elected February 13, 2024.
Democratic hold.
House 139 Joseph Adams Republican 2022 Incumbent resigned February 9, 2024, due to urgent family medical needs.[100]
New member elected April 23, 2024.
Republican hold.
House 195 Donna Bullock Democratic 2015
(special) 		Incumbent resigned July 15, 2024, to become CEO of Project H.O.M.E.[102]
New member elected September 17, 2024.
Democratic hold.
House 201 Stephen Kinsey Democratic 2012 Incumbent resigned July 16, 2024.[102]
New member elected September 17, 2024.
Democratic hold.

South Carolina

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District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected 		Results Candidates
Senate 19 John L. Scott Jr. Democratic 2008 Incumbent died August 13, 2023, from blood clot issues.[104]
New member elected January 2, 2024.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌ Y Tameika Isaac Devine (Democratic) 86.0%
  • ▌Kizzie Smalls (Republican) 9.7%
  • ▌Michael Addison (Forward) 2.7%
  • ▌Chris Nelums (United Citizens) 1.6%
  • ▌Write-in 0.1%[105]
House 109 Deon Tedder Democratic 2020 Incumbent resigned November 7, 2023, to join the State Senate.[106]
New member elected April 2, 2024.
Democratic hold.

Texas

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District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected 		Results Candidates
House 2 Bryan Slaton Republican 2020 Incumbent resigned May 8, 2023, after facing calls for his expulsion following a scandal involving an inappropriate relationship with an intern; he was subsequently expelled on May 9, 2023.[108]
New member elected January 30, 2024, after no one received over 50% of the vote on November 7, 2023.
Republican hold.
  • First round:
  • ▌ Y Brent Money (Republican) 31.7%
  • ▌ Y Jill Dutton (Republican) 25.3%
  • ▌Heath Hyde (Republican) 21.5%
  • ▌Kristen Washington (Democratic) 11.2%
  • ▌Doug Roszhart (Republican) 7.8%
  • ▌Krista Schild (Republican) 2.5%[109]
  • Runoff:
  • ▌ Y Jill Dutton (Republican) 50.4%
  • ▌Brent Money (Republican) 49.6%[110]
Senate 15 John Whitmire Democratic 1982 Incumbent resigned December 31, 2023 to become mayor of Houston.[111]
New member elected May 4, 2024.
Democratic hold.
House 56 Charles Anderson Republican 2004 Incumbent resigned August 15, 2024.[113]
New member elected November 5, 2024.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Pat Curry (Republican) 68.5%
  • ▌Erin Shank (Democratic) 31.5%[114]

Utah

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District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected 		Results Candidates
Senate 12 Karen Mayne Democratic 2007
(appointed) 		Incumbent resigned January 16, 2023, due to health issues.[115]
Interim appointee elected November 5, 2024.[p]
Democratic hold.

Virginia

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District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected 		Results Candidates
House 48 Les Adams
Redistricted from the 16th district 		Republican 2013 Incumbent resigned January 9, 2024.[118]
New member elected January 9, 2024.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Eric Phillips (Republican) 69.6%
  • ▌Melody Cartwright (Democratic) 30.3%
  • ▌Write-in 0.1%[119]
Senate 9 Frank Ruff
Redistricted from the 15th district 		Republican 2000
(special) 		Incumbent resigned January 9, 2024, after being diagnosed with cancer.[120]
New member elected January 9, 2024.
Republican hold.

Wisconsin

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District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected 		Results Candidates
Senate 4 Lena Taylor Democratic 2004 Incumbent resigned January 26, 2024, to become a Milwaukee County Circuit Court judge.[122]
New member elected July 30, 2024.
Democratic hold.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b The Alaska House of Representatives prior to the 2024 elections is controlled by a coalition of 20 Republicans, 2 Democrats, and 1 Independent.
  2. ^ a b The Alaska Senate prior to the 2024 elections is controlled by a grand coalition of 9 Democrats and 8 Republicans.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h The upper houses of Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Minnesota, New Jersey, and Texas use a 2-4-4 term length system.
  4. ^ a b c These figures represent the seats of Nebraska's unicameral legislature.
  5. ^ Sabato's Crystal Ball additionally uses the "Likely" characterization to indicate chambers where a shift in control is unlikely, but the minority party could make significant gains and/or break a legislative supermajority.
  6. ^ CNalysis has two separate sets of predictions: Classic (Analyst ratings only), and Expanded (Classic alongside recent statewide election results). This table uses the Classic set.
  7. ^ Consists of representative David Eastman, who is not a member of the Republican caucus.
  8. ^ Per Oregon Ballot Measure 113, Boquist exceeded the ten allotted unexcused absences allowed before being barred from running for re-election.[15]
  9. ^ Troy Hashimoto was appointed as interim senator on November 9, 2023.[53]
  10. ^ Lakesia Collins was appointed as interim senator on August 16, 2023.[56]
  11. ^ Natalie Toro was appointed as interim senator on July 11, 2023.[59]
  12. ^ Mark L. Walker was appointed as interim senator on May 11, 2024.[61]
  13. ^ Thomas M. Bennett was appointed as interim senator on January 9, 2023.[63]
  14. ^ Dennis Nehring was appointed as interim representative on April 30, 2024.[88]
  15. ^ Alessandro Cutrona was appointed as interim senator on June 26, 2024.[90]
  16. ^ Karen Kwan was appointed as interim senator on January 16, 2023.[116]

References

edit
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