A series of interruptions to the nationwide electrical service of Cuba occurred during the months of February, March and October 2024. The blackouts began in February 2024 with power outages that affected nearly half of the country. In March, further blackouts caused widespread protests. On 5–6 October, a third of the country experienced outages.[2] From 18 to 22 October 2024, a total nationwide blackout occurred due to the failure of the Antonio Guiteras Power Plant. During the October shutdowns, the Cuban government announced energy-saving measures. The blackouts were the most severe living crisis that the country has experienced since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.[3][4]
| Date | February blackouts: 8–13 February 2024 March blackouts: 17–19 March 2024 October blackouts: 5–6 October 2024 18–24 October 2024 |
|---|---|
| Location | Cuba (nationwide) |
| Type | Total and partial power outages |
| Cause | |
| Outcome | Cuban government-imposed energy-saving measures |
History
editFebruary
editParts of Cuba experienced blackouts starting on 8 February 2024. On February 13, 45% of the country was affected by power outages.[1]
March
editIn March 2024, Cuba experienced large-scale power outages,[5][6][7][8] amidst an economic crisis that hit the country.[9] The blackouts, which peaked on 17 March and typically lasted for up to 18 hours a day, were due to the frequent breakdowns of the Antonio Guiteras Thermoelectric Power Plant, the largest provider of electricity to the island, and the lack of fuel shipments from Cuba's allies Russia and Venezuela.[10] Infrastructure problems within the country were also cited to be one of the key factors for the March blackouts.[11] Hundreds of people in Cuba's second-largest city, Santiago de Cuba, protested to express their dissatisfaction with chronic power blackouts and food shortages.[3]
October
editOn 5 October 2024, Cuba's electrical service experienced interruptions. The next day, a deficit of 1.045 gigawatts in the country's power output caused about a third of its population to go without power.[2]
On 17 October 2024, a blackout left roughly half of Cuba without electricity,[12] prompting the government of Cuba to announce energy-saving measures.[13]
A total nationwide power outage began at around 11:00 local time on 18 October, after the Antonio Guiteras Power Plant in Matanzas, the country's largest, went offline,[3] resulting in the loss of 1.64 gigawatts at peak hours, equivalent to half the total consumer demand.[12] Power was partially restored for a short time before shutting down entirely again on 20 October. By 21 October, state media claimed that power had been restored to 50% of customers in Havana,[14] while electricity had been restored to 70.89% of the nationwide population by 22 October.[15] Some service disruptions were still reported on 23 October;[16] however, it was reported that the power supply has been restored to the entire island the next day, according to the Cuba Tourist Board and Canadian airline Sunwing, which operates flights to several Cuban airports.[17]
Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel blamed the blackout on the United States embargo against Cuba, which he said prevented much needed supplies and replacement parts from reaching Cuba. Cuban Prime Minister Manuel Marrero Cruz blamed deteriorating infrastructure, fuel shortages and rising demand for the outages and said that the fuel shortages were the biggest factor. Cuba has suffered from a drop in fuel shipments from Venezuela in 2024.[3]
November
editOn 6 November, Hurricane Rafael made landfall near Playa Majana, Artemisa Province, causing a nationwide blackout.[18]
Effects
editAll non-essential public services were suspended starting on 17 October and were to remain closed along with schools until 23 October.[14][19] Dissemination of information related to Hurricane Oscar, which made landfall near Baracoa on 20 October, was interrupted.[20][21]
Government celebrations for Cuban Culture Day scheduled for 21–23 October were cancelled, in an effort to reduce strain on the electrical network.[22] President Díaz-Canel also cancelled his physical attendance at the 16th BRICS summit in Russia to attend to the blackout.[23]
Reactions
editPresident Miguel Díaz-Canel blamed the outages on difficulties in importing fuel and other resources due to "financial and energy persecution" by the United States.[24] Local authorities noted causes including increased demand from small- and medium-sized companies and residential air conditioners, as well as poor maintenance of power plants.[25]
Díaz-Canel also stated that any protests to the government's response would not be tolerated and that all protesters would be "processed rigorously under our revolutionary law". Shortly after protests started in October, Díaz-Canel and prime minister Manuel Marrero Cruz appeared on a televised address in military fatigues claiming "counter-revolutionaries from abroad" were fomenting protests in Cuba.[26] Díaz-Canel also stated that "we have organized from the defense councils" and "we are not going to accept and we will not allow anyone to act by provoking vandalistic acts, much less disturbing the peace of our people, and that is a conviction and that is a principle of our revolution".[27]
Energy Minister Vicente de la O Levy claimed the October outages would end by 21 or 22 October; however, Hurricane Oscar made landfall in Cuba on 20 October, severely disrupting efforts to restore the grid.[25]
Protests
editOn 17 March and 18 March 2024, blackouts alongside a poor harvest and food shortages[28][6][29] caused[7][8] widespread protests primarily in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba's second largest city, during which three people were arrested.[5][30] Cuba accused the government of the United States of stirring up unrest, an accusation that the United States denied.[31][32]
Protests also erupted hours after the October blackout began.[33] Protesters in the Santos Suárez neighborhood of Havana constructed makeshift barricades in the streets. Without electricity, Havana's water pumps could not operate, nor could food be refrigerated, leaving many residents in a state of "desperation".[25] In an effort to quell protests in Havana, the government cut internet access and deployed police formations to clear protesters by force.[34] In Santiago de Cuba, large police formations were deployed to deter protesters, however, some residents still took to the streets protesting the lack of electricity.[35] Protests also took place in Manicaragua, where protesters surrounded the local government headquarters chanting "Down with!" and "Abusers!"[36]
Humanitarian aid
editMexican president Claudia Sheinbaum, confirmed the shipment of approximately 500,000 barrels of oil to the island along with technicians to help assist the situation.[37][38]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c "Economía - Cuba sufrió nuevamente apagones y el Gobierno sostiene que es por la falta de combustible". France 24 (in European Spanish). 14 February 2024. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
- ^ a b c "Los apagones afectarán el 33% de Cuba este domingo, según la empresa eléctrica estatal". Newsroom Infobae (in European Spanish). 6 October 2024. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Grant, Will; Davies, Maia (18 October 2024). "Cuba suffers nationwide blackout after main power plant fails". BBC News. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
- ^ "Rare protests erupt in Cuba over food and electricity shortages". France 24. 18 March 2024.
- ^ a b Sherwood, Dave (18 March 2024). "Protest erupts in eastern Cuba amid blackouts, food shortages". Reuters. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
- ^ a b "Rare protests in Cuba over 'power and food'". Al Jazeera English. 21 March 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
- ^ a b "Cubans stage rare protests demanding electricity, food". Le Monde. 18 March 2024. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
- ^ a b "Protesters in Cuba decry power outages, food shortages". CBS News. 18 March 2024. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
- ^ "Cubans stage rare protests amid blackouts, persisting economic crisis". Al Jazeera English. 21 March 2024. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
- ^ Colomé, Carla Gloria (26 March 2024). "Food, electricity and freedom: citizen protest is reactivated in Cuba". EL PAÍS English. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
The long blackouts of up to 18 hours are reminiscent of those experienced in the 1990s during the so-called Special Period, after the loss of aid from the former Soviet Union. Now, the shipment of fuel from allied countries such as Russia and Venezuela has been affected, in addition to the recurrent breakdowns of the Antonio Guiteras Thermoelectric Power Plant, the country's main one.
- ^ "Cuba: Power outages ongoing nationwide as of March 17 due to infrastructure problems". Crisis24. 17 March 2024. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
- ^ a b Rodriguez, Andrea (21 October 2024). "What to know about the electrical grid failure that plunged Cuba into darkness". Associated Press. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
- ^ Robles, Frances (18 October 2024). "Power Outage Plunges All of Cuba Into Darkness". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
- ^ a b "Electricity restored to 50% of Havana after nationwide blackout: Cuba state media". France 24. 21 October 2024. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
- ^ "70% of Cuba's population has power back after blackout". France 24. 22 October 2024. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
- ^ Pérez Sánchez, Amaury (24 October 2024). "A Breakdown of Cuba's Grid Collapse and Recovery Efforts". powermag.com. Power Magazine. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
On Wednesday [23 October], service was disrupted by insufficient generation capacity. Though power was restored by 3:34 a.m., by 5:48 a.m. service was once again affected due to generation shortages.
- ^ Parkinson, Bruce (24 October 2024). "Sunwing, Cuba Tourist Board Update On Power Restoration In Cuba". TravelPulse Canada. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
Sunwing adds that "power (was) restored throughout the island of Cuba as of the evening of October 22." The company states that its information is sourced from reports from Cuban officials and updates from in-destination and hotel partners.
- ^ "Hurricane Rafael knocks out Cuba's power grid and heads into the Gulf on a much different path". CNN. 7 November 2024. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
- ^ "Power plant failure triggers blackout across cash-strapped Cuba". France 24. 19 October 2024. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
- ^ "Oscar becomes a hurricane and is advancing toward Cuba". CiberCuba. 19 October 2024. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
- ^ "Hurricane Oscar makes landfall in Cuba amid crippling power outage". Al Jazeera. 21 October 2024. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
- ^ "Díaz-Canel cancels celebrations for Cuban Culture Day due to a general blackout and Hurricane Oscar". CiberCuba. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
- ^ "Three Leaders to Skip BRICS Summit in Kazan Despite Putin's Invite". Kyiv Post. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
- ^ "Cuba forced to 'paralyse economy' amid desperate energy crisis". Al Jazeera. 19 October 2024. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
- ^ a b c Rodriguez, Andrea; Duran, Milexsy. "Extended power outage sparked protests in Cuba. Then Hurricane Oscar made landfall". Christian Science Monitor. Associated Press. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
- ^ Wyss, Jim. "Cuba Warns Against Protests as It Struggles to Restore Power". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
- ^ "Díaz-Canel threatens to repress protests in Cuba following the collapse of the electrical system". CiberCuba. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
- ^ Bain, Lauren (23 March 2024). "Cuba's crumbling economy: Island plunges further into crisis". France 24. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
- ^ Spinetto, Juan Pablo (19 March 2024). "Communist Cuba Is on the Brink of Collapse". Bloomberg. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ "Cuba protests US comments following protests against power blackouts, food shortages". AP News. 19 March 2024.
- ^ Nicoll, Ruaridh (18 March 2024). "Cuba blames US for stoking protests amid power cuts and food shortages". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
- ^ Bernal, Rafael (18 March 2024). "Cuba, desperate for US thaw, files formal note of protest". The Hill. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ Pérez, Santiago (18 October 2024). "Cuba Suffers Mass Blackout as Energy Crisis Deepens". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
- ^ "Protests are growing in Havana on the third night of a general blackout in Cuba". CiberCuba. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
- ^ "Large police deployment in Santiago de Cuba during the third night of total blackout". CiberCuba. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
- ^ "Protests in Manicaragua in front of the government headquarters". CiberCuba. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
- ^ "Mexican fuel flows to Cuba as the island faces blackouts and the loss of Russian and Venezuelan oil". ABC News. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
- ^ "You are being redirected..." al24news.com. Retrieved 10 November 2024.