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Betws-y-Coed

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Betws-y-Coed (Welsh: [ˈbɛtʊs ə ˈkoːɨ̯d] ⓘ; meaning 'prayer-house in the woods') is a village and community in the Conwy valley in Conwy County Borough, Wales, located in the historic county of Caernarfonshire, right on the boundary with Denbighshire, in the Gwydir Forest. It is now a very popular visitor destination in the Snowdonia National Park. The population of the community as of the 2021 census was 476, a decline on the previous census.[2][better source needed]

Betws-y-coed
A5 trunk road through Betws-y-Coed
Betws-y-coed is located in Conwy
Betws-y-coed
Betws-y-coed
Location within Conwy
Population476 (2011 census)[1]
OS grid referenceSH795565
Community
  • Betws-y-coed
Principal area
Preserved county
CountryWales
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townBETWS-Y-COED
Postcode districtLL24
Dialling code01690
PoliceNorth Wales
FireNorth Wales
AmbulanceWelsh
UK Parliament
Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament
List of places
UK
Wales
Conwy
53°05′31″N 3°48′04″W / 53.092°N 03.801°W / 53.092; -03.801

The village has a large village green which is bounded on its western side by the A5 trunk road. There are numerous 19th-century buildings, including outdoor clothing shops, hotels, and the Church of St Mary.

Toponymy

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The name of the village comes from the Welsh words betws (a borrowing from the Old English bed-hus 'a prayer-house' or 'oratory') and y coed ('the wood'). The name therefore means 'prayer-house in the wood'. The earliest record of the name is Betus in 1254.[3]

The standard form of the name is Betws-y-coed, rather than Betws-y-Coed.[4]

History

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Pont-y-Pair Bridge over the River Llugwy.

The village, which is now within the Snowdonia National Park, stands in a valley near the point where the River Llugwy and the River Lledr join the River Conwy. The location is where a Celtic Christian community founded a monastery in the late 6th century AD. A village developed around the site over subsequent centuries. In the medieval period, the local lead mining industry brought miners and their families to the village.

Following the Acts of Union 1800 between Ireland and the UK, better transport links were proposed between the two countries. Surveyors decided that the best route for a road (now the A5) between London and Holyhead should pass through the village. In 1815, Waterloo Bridge, built by Thomas Telford, opened to carry the Irish Mail road across the River Conwy and through the village. The establishment of the route brought an economic boost to the area as the village became a major mail coach stop between Corwen (to the east) and Capel Curig (to the west). It also led to improvement of the roads to Blaenau Ffestiniog and to Llanrwst and Conwy.

In 1868 Betws-y-Coed railway station opened with the extension of the Conwy Valley line from Llanrwst. The railway was later further extended to serve the mineral industries in Blaenau Ffestiniog. With the arrival of the railway from Llandudno Junction railway station, the village's population increased by around 500 people.

Places of worship

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St Mary's Church in Betws-y-Coed

Church of St Mary is an active Anglican parish church of the Church in Wales, in the deanery of Arllechwedd, the archdeaconry of Bangor and the diocese of Bangor.[5] It is designated by Cadw as a Grade II* listed building.[6]

The Anglican church was constructed to accommodate increasing numbers of summer visitors to the area. It replaced the earlier 14th century St Michael's Old Church, from which the village took its name Betws. The building, which cost £5,000 (equivalent to £560,000 in 2023).[7], was designed by the Lancaster partnership of Paley and Austin. The principal benefactor was the Liverpool businessman Charles Kurtz. Work began on the village's former cockpit and fairground in 1870.

The church was consecrated in July 1873. Interior features include a wooden cross-beamed roof with walls and floors made from various types of stone, such as local bluestone, sandstone (floor tiles) from Ancaster, and black serpentine from Cornwall. There is seating for a congregation of 150 people.[8]

The square bell tower was completed in 1907. An integrated church hall was added in the 1970s; its commemorative stone was laid by the Earl of Ancaster in 1976.

Governance

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Betws-y-Coed Memorial Hall

There are two tiers of local government covering Betws-y-Coed, at community and county borough level: Betws-y-Coed Community Council and Conwy County Borough Council. The community council meets at the Memorial Hall on Mill Street (Pentre Felin).[9]

The community, including the village itself and its immediate neighbourhood, has a population of 564.[1] An electoral ward of the name Betws-y-Coed also exists. This ward includes a large additional area including two neighbouring communities Capel Curig and Dolwyddelan and has a total population of 1,244.[10] The ward elects a county councillor to Conwy County Borough Council.

Administrative history

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Betws-y-Coed was an ancient parish in the historic county of Caernarfonshire.[11] When elected parish and district councils were created in 1894 it was given a parish council and included in the Bettws-y-Coed Rural District, which covered the Caernarfonshire parishes from the Llanrwst poor law union.[12] The parish was converted into an urban district in 1898.[13]

The official spelling was "Bettws-y-Coed" until 1950, when the urban district council changed it to "Betws-y-Coed", to respect modern Welsh orthography.[14] The General Post Office adopted the same spelling as the council three years later in 1953.[15]

Betws-y-Coed Urban District was abolished in 1974, with the area instead becoming a community. District-level functions passed to Aberconwy Borough Council, which in turn was replaced in 1996 by Conwy County Borough Council.[16][17]

Transport

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Railway

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The railway station building

Betws-y-Coed railway station is a stop on the Conwy Valley line, with passenger services running approximately every three hours each way between Blaenau Ffestiniog and Llandudno. Services are operated by Transport for Wales.[18]

The station buildings were constructed from local materials by local builder Owen Gethin Jones.[19] The station had double platforms and an extensive goods yard. In LMS timetables, the station was listed as Betws-y-Coed for Capel Curig.

The Conwy Valley Railway Museum, with its extensive miniature railway, now occupies the former goods yard.

 
The miniature railway at the Conwy Valley Railway Museum runs adjacent to the Conwy Valley line at Betws-y-Coed

Buses

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Local bus services are operated predominately by Llew Jones Coaches and Gwynfor Coaches. Routes connect the town with Llandudno, Llanberis, Llanrwst and Caernarfon.[20]

Road

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Since the opening of the A5 in the early 19th century, the village has been a primary destination for road signage in Snowdonia.

Tourism

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The village is a centre for outdoor activities and lies within the Gwydyr Forest.

The current Betws-y-Coed Golf Club was founded in the 1970s. There was an earlier club and course located on or near the Recreation Ground.[21]

The Llyn Elsi reservoir nearby is used by walkers and anglers, and provides water for the village. Footpaths provide access to the lake, both from Betws-y-Coed itself and the outlying village of Pentre Du.

Conwy Valley Railway Museum, with its miniature railway, lies next to the railway station.

Music

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Melys, an independent rock band, was founded in Betws-y-Coed in 1997. The group, who sing in both English and Welsh, have recorded eleven sessions for John Peel on BBC Radio 1 and came first in his Festive Fifty in 2001. They won Best Welsh-language Act at the Welsh Music Awards in 2002.[22]

References

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  1. ^ a b UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Betws-y-Coed Parish (W04000106)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
  2. ^ Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  3. ^ Owen, Hywel Wyn; Morgan, Richard (2007). Dictionary of the Place-Names of Wales. Llandysul: Gomer. p. 31. ISBN 978-1-84323-901-7. OCLC 191731809.
  4. ^ Welsh Language Commissioner. "List of Standardised Welsh Place-names". Welsh Language Commissioner. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  5. ^ St Mary, Betws-y-coed, Diocese of Bangor, archived from the original on 7 June 2011, retrieved 9 June 2011
  6. ^ Cadw. "St. Mary's Church (3640)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  7. ^ UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
  8. ^ Brandwood et al. 2012, pp. 101, 226.
  9. ^ "Memorial Hall". Betws-y-Coed Community Council. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  10. ^ UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Betws-y-Coed Ward (W05000113)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
  11. ^ "Betws y Coed Ancient Parish / Civil Parish". A Vision of Britain through Time. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  12. ^ Local Government Act 1894
  13. ^ Annual Report of the Local Government Board. 1899. p. 316. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  14. ^ "One "t" in "Betws" now: Urban Council's decision". North Wales Weekly News. 5 October 1950. p. 4. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
  15. ^ "'Betws' now - Post Office official". North Wales Weekly News. Conwy. 13 August 1953. p. 6. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  16. ^ Local Government Act 1972
  17. ^ Local Government (Wales) Act 1994
  18. ^ "Timetables". Transport for Wales. May 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  19. ^ Jenkins, Robert Thomas. "Jones , Owen Gethin". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
  20. ^ "Stops in Betws-y-Coed". Bus Times. 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  21. ^ John Dean. "Betws-y-Coed, Conwy". Golfsmissinglinks.co.uk. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  22. ^ "Melys - About". Retrieved 22 June 2021.
Bibliography
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Betws-y-Coed.
 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Betws y Coed.
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