The Biak massacre was the killing of West Papuan pro-independence demonstrators on the island of Biak, Papua Province, Indonesia, in 1998.
| Biak Massacre | |
|---|---|
| Part of the Papua Conflict | |
| Location | Biak, Indonesia |
| Coordinates | 8°35′15″S 125°20′31″E / 8.5875°S 125.342°E |
| Date | July 2–6, 1998 (UTC+9) |
| Target | Pro-independence civilians, members of the Free Papua Movement |
Attack type | Massacre |
| Deaths | 40–150 |
| Perpetrators | Indonesian Armed Forces, Indonesian National Police |
| Motive | Indonesian nationalism, Anti-Christian sentiment |
On the morning of 2 July 1998, unarmed villagers, including Nobel Peace prize nominee and political prisoner Filep Karma raised the West Papuan Morning Star flag at a water tower. In the afternoon, Indonesia police and military fired tear gas in an effort to disperse the crowd but was unsuccessful. This resulted in a stand-off that lasted several days until the morning of 6 July where the Indonesian security forces surrounded and fired upon the crowd.[1]
According to Elsham Papua, a local human rights organization, 8 people were killed and a further 32 bodies were found near Biak in the following days.[2] The Free Papua Movement claimed that around 150 people were killed.[3]
To this day, no one has been charged with the killings and the massacre is not officially recognized. No government or international enquiry has reported on it.[4]
Biak Massacre Citizens Tribunal
editIn 2013, The Biak Massacre Citizens Tribunal was held at the University of Sydney before jurists Keith Suter and John Dowd with Nicholas Cowdery the former NSW Director of Public Prosecutions acting as counsel assisting.
In his concluding statement, Nicholas Cowdery said, “This was not, on the morning of the 6th of July, some sort of spontaneous violence, it came after days of careful contemplation by the authorities about what was happening and how it might be approached.”[5]
Recent events
editIn 2023, the Australian Greens used Indonesian President Joko Widodo's visit to Australia to bring attention to the Biak Massacre with Senator Jordan Steele-John stating, "“The government and ADF decision-makers must be held accountable for concealing the truth about the Biak Massacre."[6]
In 2024, the anniversary of the Biak Massacre saw the raising of the Morning Star flag by West Papua supporters at the Indonesian Consulate in Sydney.[7]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Bevege, Alison (December 16, 2013). "Biak Massacre Citizen's Tribunal at Sydney University finds security forces intentionally killed, raped children".
- ^ Apinino, Rio (7 July 2020). "Biak Berdarah 6 Juli 1998: Jalan Damai Berbuntut Kematian". tirto.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 8 January 2023.
- ^ "Remembering the Biak Massacre". freewestpapua.org. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
- ^ Knaus, Christopher (2021-09-18). "'Killed like animals': documents reveal how Australia turned a blind eye to a West Papuan massacre". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
- ^ "Concluding statement: Prof. Nicholas Cowdery | Biak Massacre Citizens Tribunal". Retrieved 2024-07-13.
- ^ "Labor must come clean about the Biak Massacre 25 years on during President Widodo's visit". Australian Greens. 2023-07-05. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
- ^ Bevege, Alison (2024-07-06). "Biak Massacre day: 26 years and no justice for West Papua". Letters from Australia. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
References
edit- Cordell, Marni. "West Papuans tortured, killed and dumped at sea, citizens' tribunal hears". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
- "The Biak Massacre". Radio National. ABC. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
External links and further reading
edit- "Indonesia: Human Rights and Pro-Independence Actions in Irian Jaya- Introduction". www.hrw.org. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
- Tim Advokasi Hak Azasi Manusia untuk Rakyat Irian Jaya, "Laporan Pelanggaran HAM di Biak" (undated report)
- Knauss, Christopher (19 September 2021). "'Killed like animals': documents reveal how Australia turned a blind eye to a West Papuan massacre". The Guardian (Australian Edition). The Guardian. Retrieved 5 January 2023.