Billardiera, commonly known as appleberries, snot berries, or bluebell creepers,[2] is a genus of flowering plants in the family, Pittosporaceae and is endemic to Australia. Plants in the genus Billardiera are woody scramblers, climbers or twiners with elliptic, lance-shaped or linear leaves arranged alternately along the stems, the flowers with petals that are joined to form a tube at the base with spreading lobes, and succulent or fleshy fruit.
| Billardiera | |
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| Billardiera scandens, fruit - Lawson, NSW | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Apiales |
| Family: | Pittosporaceae |
| Genus: | Billardiera Sm.[1] |
| Species | |
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See text | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Description
editPlants in the genus Billardiera are woody scramblers, climbers or undershrubs with twining branches up to several metres long. The leaves are simple, elliptic, lance-shaped or linear and arranged alternately along the stems. The flowers are arranged singly or in cymes on the ends of branches and are greenish-yellow to cream-coloured, purple or blue, the sepals free from each other. The five petals are much longer than the sepals, sometimes free from each other, or joined at the base to form a tube with spreading lobes. The stamens are free from each other, but sometimes have their anthers joined at the tip, encircling the style. The fruit is a succulent or fleshy, variously shaped berry containing many seeds.[2][3][4][5][6][7]
Taxonomy
editThe genus Billardiera was first formally described in 1793 by James Edward Smith in his book A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland, and the first species he described (the type species) was Billardiera scandens.[8][9] The name, Billardiera honours Jacques-Julien Houtou de Labillardière.[9]
Species list
editThe following is a list of species of Billardiera accepted by the Australian Plant Census as of May 2023:[10]
- Billardiera coriacea Benth. (W.A.)
- Billardiera cymosa F.Muell. (S.A., Vic.)
- Billardiera drummondii (C.Morren) L.Cayzer & Crisp (W.A.)
- Billardiera floribunda (Putt.) F.Muell. – white-flowered billardiera (W.A.)
- Billardiera fraseri (Hook.) L.W.Cayzer, Crisp & I.Telford – elegant pronaya (W.A.)
- Billardiera fusiformis Labill. – Australian bluebell (Vic., W.A.)
- Billardiera heterophylla (Lindl.) L.W.Cayzer & Crisp – bluebell creeper, purple appleberry, Australian bluebell (W.A.)
- Billardiera laxiflora (Benth.) E.M.Benn. (W.A.)
- Billardiera lehmanniana F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Billardiera longiflora Labill. (Tas.)
- Billardiera macrantha Hook.f. (N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic., Tas.)
- Billardiera mutabilis Salisb. – climbing appleberry (N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic., Tas.)
- Billardiera nesophila L.W.Cayzer & D.L.Jones (Tas.)
- Billardiera ovalis Lindl. (Tas.)
- Billardiera rubens L.W.Cayzer, Crisp & I.Telford (Qld., N.S.W.)
- Billardiera scandens Sm. - hairy appleberry (S.A., Qld., N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic.)
- Billardiera sericophora F.Muell. (S.A.)
- Billardiera speciosa (Endl.) F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Billardiera uniflora E.M.Benn. (S.A.)
- Billardiera variifolia DC. (W.A.)
- Billardiera venusta (Putt.) L.W.Cayzer & Crisp (W.A.)
- Billardiera versicolor F.Muell. ex Klatt – pale appleberry (S.A., N.S.W., Vic.)
- Billardiera viridiflora L.W.Cayzer & D.L.Jones (Tas.)
References
edit
- ^ a b "Billardiera". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
- ^ a b "Billardiera". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
- ^ Makinson, Robert O. "Genus Billardiera". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
- ^ Walsh, Neville G.; Albrecht, David E. "Billardiera". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
- ^ "Billardiera". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
- ^ "Billardiera". State Herbarium of South Australia. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
- ^ Cayzer, Lindy W.; Crisp, Michael D.; Telford, Ian R. H. (2004). "Cladistic analysis and revision of Billardiera (Pittosporaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany. 17 (1): 83–125. doi:10.1071/SB03028.
- ^ "Billardiera". APNI. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
- ^ a b Smith, James E. (1793). A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland. Vol. Botany. London: James Sowerby. pp. 1–4. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
- ^ "Billardiera". AustralianPlant Census. Retrieved 27 May 2023.