Billardiera heterophylla (formerly Sollya heterophylla) is a species of flowering plant in the family Pittosporaceae, known by the common name bluebell creeper.[2] It is native to Western Australia, but is grown as an ornamental plant in appropriate climates worldwide. It can sometimes be found growing in the wild as an introduced species or garden escapee, for example in other Australian states[3][4][5] and in California,[6] where it is popular in landscaping. It is sometimes considered a weed.[5][7][8]
| Billardiera heterophylla | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Apiales |
| Family: | Pittosporaceae |
| Genus: | Billardiera |
| Species: | B. heterophylla
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| Binomial name | |
| Billardiera heterophylla | |
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| Occurrence data from AVH | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Description
editIt is a climbing shrub with vine-like branches that twine around other plants for support. The leaves are a glossy green on the upper surface, and 10–60 millimetres (0.4–2.4 in) long, 2–22 millimetres (0.1–0.9 in) wide. The inflorescence is a single hanging flower or a hanging group of up to five flowers. The flower has five petals up to 1 cm long which may be white to deep blue or pinkish in color. The fruit is a berry up to 3 cm (1 in) long with pulpy flesh and many seeds. The purplish-green, cylindrical, sausage-shaped fruits (up to 20 millimetres (0.8 in) in length) are initially densely hairy, but become smooth as they ripen.[8]
Taxonomy
editThe bluebell creeper was first described by English botanist John Lindley in 1831 as Sollya heterophylla,[9][10] and was reassigned to the genus, Billardiera by Cayzer, Crisp and Telford in 2004.[11][12] The specific epithet heterophylla means "with various or diverse leaves".[13] Common names include Australian bluebell and climbing bluebell.[14]
Within the genus, it is closely related to two other Western Australian species - B. fusiformis and B. drummondii.[11]
Distribution and habitat
editBillardiera heterophylla is native to the Avon and Eyre districts of southwest Western Australia, where it occurs in open eucalypt forest and woodland and as well as coastal heathland and near salt lakes inland. It is adept at colonising disturbed sites. Its cultivation and propensity to spread have resulted in range increase and difficulties in determining original distribution.[11]
Cultivation and weed status
editB. heteropylla is a popular, widely cultivated garden plant, and has been sold within Australia and internationally for at least 100 years, with seeds being available in Jamaica as early as 1887.[8]
In the temperate regions of Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania it has become a serious environmental weed.[8] It produces an abundance of seed, which readily germinates after fire or disturbance, and is also thought to be spread by native animals eating the seed, which not only takes the plant to new sites, but allows the seed to germinate more readily, having been ingested.[8]
The plant gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit in 2013.[15][16]
References
edit- ^ a b "Billardiera heterophylla". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Sollya heterophylla". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
- ^ "Australian Native Plants Society". Archived from the original on 2010-12-12. Retrieved 2010-08-11.
- ^ New South Wales Flora
- ^ a b "Dept. for Environment and Heritage, South Australia". Archived from the original on 2009-09-19. Retrieved 2010-08-11.
- ^ Jepson Manual Treatment, Berkeley University
- ^ Agriculture Victoria: Bluebell creeper (Sollya heterophylla)
- ^ a b c d e Bachmann, M, Johnson, R (2010) Distribution, Outbreak Observations and Implications for Management of Bluebell Creeper Billardiera heterophylla (Lindl.) L. Cayzer and Crisp, in the Green Triangle Region of South-Eastern Australia. The Victorian Naturalist 127 (4) 137-145.
- ^ "Sollya heterophylla". APNI. IBIS.
- ^ Lindley, J. (1831) in Lindley, J. (ed.) Edwards's Botanical Register 17: t. 1466. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
- ^ a b c Cayzer, L. W.; Crisp, M. D.; Telford, I. R. H. (2004). "Cladistic analysis and revision of Billardiera (Pittosporaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany. 17 (1): 83. doi:10.1071/SB03028. ISSN 1030-1887. pdf
- ^ "APNI Billardiera heterophylla". Australian Plant Name Index. IBIS. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
- ^ Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. p. 224. ISBN 9781845337315.
- ^ Elliot, Rodger W.; Jones, David L.; Blake, Trevor (2002). Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants Suitable for Cultivation: Volume 8 – Pr-So. Port Melbourne: Lothian Press. p. 434. ISBN 0-7344-0378-X.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Sollya heterophylla". Retrieved 4 June 2013.
- ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 98. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
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