Black cod is a common name for several ray-finned fishes, none closely related to the true cods of order Gadiformes, family Gadidae:
- Order Scorpaeniformes
- Family Anoplopomatidae
- Anoplopoma fimbria, native to the North Pacific, known as black cod or sablefish in North America
- Family Anoplopomatidae
- Order Perciformes
- Family Serranidae "groupers"
- Epinephelus daemelii, native to Australia and New Zealand, known as black cod in Australia
- Family Nototheniidae "cod icefishes"
- Notothenia microlepidota, native to New Zealand and Macquarie Island, known as black cod in New Zealand
- Paranotothenia magellanica, native to the Southern Ocean, known as black cod in New Zealand
- Family Serranidae "groupers"