Wikipedia

Bradley County, Tennessee

Bradley County is a county located in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 108,620,[4] making it the thirteenth most populous county in Tennessee. Its county seat is Cleveland.[5] It is named for Colonel Edward Bradley of Shelby County, Tennessee, who was colonel of Hale's Regiment in the American Revolution and the 15th Regiment of the Tennessee Volunteers in the War of 1812.[2] Bradley County is included in the Cleveland, Tennessee Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Chattanooga-Cleveland-Dalton, TN-GA-AL Combined Statistical Area.

Bradley County
County
Bradley County Courthouse in Cleveland
Bradley County Courthouse in Cleveland
Official seal of Bradley County
Seal
Motto(s): 
"Agriculture and Industry"[1]
Map of Tennessee highlighting Bradley County
Location within the U.S. state of Tennessee
Map of the United States highlighting Tennessee
Tennessee's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 35°09′N 84°52′W / 35.15°N 84.86°W / 35.15; -84.86
Country United States
State Tennessee
FoundedMay 2, 1836
Named forEdward Bradley, state legislator[2]
SeatCleveland
Largest cityCleveland
Area
 • Total
331 sq mi (860 km2)
 • Land329 sq mi (850 km2)
 • Water2.7 sq mi (7 km2)  0.8%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
108,620 Increase
 • Density330.15/sq mi (127.47/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
37310, 37311, 37312, 37320, 37323, 37353, 37364[3]
Congressional district3rd
Websitewww.bradleycountytn.gov

History

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Meeleny Bell, located on the former Bradley County Courthouse from 1893 to 1963.
See also: Cleveland, Tennessee § History

Indigenous peoples occupied this territory, especially along the waterways, for thousands of years before European contact. The first Europeans to see this area were likely Hernando De Soto and his expedition on June 2, 1540, while traveling through the Southeast interior of the North American continent.[6] They encountered peoples of the South Appalachian Mississippian culture.

The historic Muscogee Creek and Yuchi occupied areas of what became Tennessee. The Yuchi town of Chestowee was located on the south bank of the lower Hiwassee River. They later moved from Tennessee into Georgia and South Carolina under pressure from the Cherokee, who were rising to power in the region. Cherokee warriors from the Middle Towns destroyed Chestowee in 1714, encouraged by English fur traders from South Carolina. Archeological surveys suggest that Chestowee was located at what is known as the Rymer archeological site, identified in later studies as within the European-American J.P. Rymer farm.[7]

The Cherokee became predominant in this area and referred to a large region in present-day Bradley County as Chatata, meaning "clear water".[8] The Yuchi, while speaking a different language, allied with the Muscogee Creek when moving into their territory in Georgia and Alabama.

In anticipation of forced removal of the Cherokee by treaty cession in this area north of the Hiwassee River, white settlers began to move here. In 1821, the Cherokee Agency, the official liaison between the U.S. Government and the Cherokee Nation, was moved to present-day Charleston, Tennessee.[9] Between 1832 and 1838, the Cherokee moved their capital to the Red Clay Council Grounds, on the southern border of Bradley County with Georgia; it served as the Cherokee capital and the last council grounds of the Cherokee Nation-East.[10] This property is now a state park, Red Clay State Park.

The Cherokee Removal began after some of their leaders signed the Treaty of New Echota, signed on December 29, 1835. The government had earlier tried to persuade them to move to Indian Territory; these leaders signed the treaty while trying to gain the best conditions for their people, as they believed it was inevitable.[10]

General Winfield Scott was directed to remove the Cherokee from the Southeast, and set up the headquarters at Fort Cass in Charleston.[10] Several internment camps were established in Bradley County in the valleys between Charleston and Cleveland, Tennessee, where the Cherokee were held in preparation for the journey westward. This became known as the Trail of Tears.[10] Two of the largest internment camps were located at Rattlesnake Springs.[11]

European-American development of Bradley County

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Bradley County was established by the legislature on February 10, 1836.[12] It was named to honor Colonel Edward Bradley who served in the War of 1812.[13] The first election in Bradley County took place on April 2, 1836.[14] On May 2, 1836, the location for the county seat of Cleveland was chosen.[12] On January 20, 1838, Cleveland, which had a population of 400, was formally recognized by the state legislature as the seat of Bradley County.[15] Cleveland was incorporated on February 2, 1842.[15]

Like most East Tennessee counties, the voters of Bradley County were largely opposed to secession on the eve of the Civil War. In Tennessee's Ordinance of Secession referendum on June 8, 1861, the county's residents voted against secession - 1,382 to 507.[16] No major battles were fought in Bradley County, but several major skirmishes between Union and Confederate troops took place there. In 1864, Confederate soldiers failed in an attempt to destroy a Union train near the Tasso community, an effort that resulted in destroying a Confederate train instead.[17]

The bridge over the Hiwassee River was burned on November 8, 1861, by members of the East Tennessee bridge-burning conspiracy led by Alfred Cate.[18] On November 4, 1862, a train accident south of Cleveland near the Black Fox community killed 17 members of the 33rd Regiment Alabama Infantry, who were being transported to Chattanooga.[19] Union soldiers under the command of William Tecumseh Sherman camped at Cleveland, Tasso, and Blue Springs on multiple occasions during the latter half of the war.[20][21] The city of Cleveland was occupied by the Confederate Army from 1861 to 1863.[22]

Geography

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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 331 square miles (860 km2), of which 329 square miles (850 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) (0.8%) is water.[23] The county is situated on a series of paralleling ridges running north-northeasterly which are part of the Ridge and Valley Appalachians. The highest of these, Candies Creek Ridge, runs through the center of Cleveland.[24] Located in between these ridges are creeks, and there are several springs in the county, which made the area favorable to early settlers. The highest point in the county is located on the Hamilton County line along White Oak Mountain. The county is bordered on the north by the Hiwassee River.[25] The majority of the county is located in the Tennessee Valley drainage basin, except for approximately the southeastern third, which is located in the Mobile Bay Watershed and contains the Conasauga River.[26] This river is the only river in Tennessee that is not part of the Mississippi River Watershed.[27]

Adjacent counties

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State protected areas

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  • Chickamauga Wildlife Management Area (part)
  • Charlotte Anne Finnell Neal Wildlife Management Area
  • Red Clay State Park

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18407,385—
185012,25966.0%
186011,701−4.6%
187011,652−0.4%
188012,1244.1%
189013,60712.2%
190015,75915.8%
191016,3363.7%
192018,65214.2%
193022,87022.6%
194028,49824.6%
195032,33813.5%
196038,32418.5%
197050,68632.3%
198067,54733.3%
199073,7129.1%
200087,96519.3%
201098,96312.5%
2020108,6209.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[28]
1790-1960[29] 1900-1990[30]
1990-2000[31] 2010-2020[4]
 
Age pyramid Bradley County[33]

2020 census

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Bradley County racial composition[34]
Race Number Percentage
White (non-Hispanic) 87,830 80.86%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic) 5,105 4.7%
Native American 271 0.25%
Asian 1,188 1.09%
Pacific Islander 117 0.11%
Other/Mixed 5,648 5.2%
Hispanic or Latino 8,461 7.79%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 108,620 people, 39,992 households, and 26,516 families residing in the county.

2010 census

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As of the census of 2010,[35][36] there were 98,963 people, 37,947 households, and 26,867 families residing in the county. The population density was 298.98 persons per square mile. There were 41,395 housing units at an average density of 125.06 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 92.10% White, 4.27% Black or African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.86% Asian, 0.06% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and 1.45% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos (of any race) were 4.71% of the population. The largest ancestral groups were Irish 14.27%, German 12.62%, English 8.91%, Italian 2.39%, and Dutch 2.18%. An estimated 3.90% of the population was foreign-born, and an estimated 7.54% were veterans.

Of all of the households, 29.07% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 53.58% were married couples living together, 4.78% had a male householder with no wife present, 12.44% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.2% were non-family households, with 23.8% of householders living alone. 33.27% of all households had individuals under the age of 18 living in them, and 26.36% had individuals aged 65 and older living in them. The average household size was 2.54 persons, and the average family size was 2.98 persons.

The population was spread out, with 22.97% under the age of 18, 62.88% ages 18 to 64, and 14.15% over the age of 65. The median age was 37.9 years. 51.32% of the population was female and 48.68% was male.

The median household income was $40,032, and the average per capita income was approximately $21,444. Males had a median income of $37,735 versus $28,585 for females. Approximately 11.6% of families and 16.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.2% of those under the age of 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

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With thirteen Fortune 500 manufacturers, Cleveland has the fifth largest industrial economy in Tennessee.[37] Cleveland is home to a variety of industries, including household cooking equipment, foodstuff, textiles, furniture, storage batteries, pharmaceuticals, industrial cleaning products, photographic processing, industrial and domestic chemicals, and automotive parts.[38] Major employers include Whirlpool, Johnston Coca-Cola, Mars, Incorporated, Procter & Gamble, Duracell, Hardwick Clothes, and Cleveland Chair Company.[38] Wacker Polysilicon, Olin Corporation, Amazon, and Arch Chemicals have factories and distribution centers in Charleston.[39] Resolute Forest Products, formerly Bowater, has a plant across the river from Charleston in Calhoun.[40]

Agriculture in Bradley County has an annual market value of over $105 million.[41] Bradley County ranks second in the state for the production of poultry and broilers, most of which is raised in the southern half of the county.[41] Bradley County is also home to farms which raise beef cattle, dairy, and crops, such as corn, soybeans, and fruits and vegetables.[42]

Government

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United States presidential election results for Bradley County, Tennessee[43][44]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 35,204 76.76% 9,851 21.48% 810 1.77%
2016 29,768 76.99% 7,070 18.28% 1,828 4.73%
2012 27,422 75.97% 8,037 22.27% 637 1.76%
2008 28,333 74.19% 9,357 24.50% 501 1.31%
2004 25,951 72.82% 9,431 26.46% 255 0.72%
2000 20,167 68.50% 8,768 29.78% 508 1.73%
1996 15,478 58.13% 9,095 34.16% 2,055 7.72%
1992 16,528 55.66% 9,889 33.30% 3,279 11.04%
1988 15,829 71.85% 6,122 27.79% 80 0.36%
1984 16,322 72.54% 6,085 27.04% 95 0.42%
1980 11,869 59.63% 7,638 38.37% 398 2.00%
1976 9,136 50.61% 8,776 48.62% 139 0.77%
1972 10,440 77.26% 2,804 20.75% 269 1.99%
1968 6,924 50.01% 2,762 19.95% 4,159 30.04%
1964 6,717 54.13% 5,693 45.87% 0 0.00%
1960 7,865 69.69% 3,307 29.30% 113 1.00%
1956 6,247 65.00% 3,225 33.56% 139 1.45%
1952 4,606 63.36% 2,646 36.40% 17 0.23%
1948 2,942 57.10% 2,036 39.52% 174 3.38%
1944 2,616 66.21% 1,312 33.21% 23 0.58%
1940 2,617 56.71% 1,976 42.82% 22 0.48%
1936 2,561 47.64% 2,806 52.19% 9 0.17%
1932 1,570 54.10% 1,295 44.62% 37 1.27%
1928 2,854 75.70% 913 24.22% 3 0.08%
1924 1,779 63.13% 999 35.45% 40 1.42%
1920 2,255 67.33% 1,058 31.59% 36 1.07%
1916 1,482 64.72% 784 34.24% 24 1.05%
1912 485 28.73% 645 38.21% 558 33.06%
1908 1,063 62.02% 620 36.17% 31 1.81%
1904 1,242 62.85% 701 35.48% 33 1.67%
1900 1,579 61.68% 909 35.51% 72 2.81%
1896 1,725 60.91% 1,057 37.32% 50 1.77%
1892 1,522 60.52% 871 34.63% 122 4.85%
1888 1,518 59.72% 991 38.99% 33 1.30%
1884 1,304 58.95% 892 40.33% 16 0.72%
1880 932 53.62% 665 38.26% 141 8.11%

Bradley County has a 14-member county commission form of government, with two commissioners from each of seven districts.[45] The commission is headed by a chairman and vice chairman, who are chosen by fellow commissioners. The current chairman is Tom Crye from District 2 and the current vice chairman is Bill Winters from District 7.[45] Each district is also assigned a constable, also elected.[46] The county executive (or "county mayor") separately elected, is Republican D. Gary Davis.[47] Other elected officials include county clerk, circuit and criminal court clerk, register of deeds, assessor of property, trustee, and road superintendent. Elections take place every even year, with primaries in the first week of May and general elections in the first week of August, along with the state primary.[48]

District[45] Seat A[45] Seat B[45]
District 1 Daniel Beaty Mike Hughes
District 2 Louie Alford Tom Crye
District 3 Milan Blake Denny Collins
District 4 Scott Gilbert Howard Thompson
District 5 Bobby Goins Cindy Slater
District 6 Tim Mason Tommy Ledford
District 7 Josh Rogers Bill Winters

Bradley County is located in Tennessee's 3rd congressional district, represented by Republican Chuck Fleischmann.[49] For the Tennessee House of Representatives, Bradley County is part of both District 22, represented by Republican Dan Howell,[50] and District 24, represented by Republican Kevin Raper.[51] Bradley County is represented in the Tennessee Senate, by Republican J. Adam Lowe

Cleveland and Bradley County have always been majority-Republican, as has most of East Tennessee, even when Tennessee was part of the Solid South. Since the Republican Party's founding, only two Democratic Presidential Candidates have won Bradley County; Woodrow Wilson in 1912 and Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1936.[52] In both the 2000 and 2004 Presidential elections, the Republican candidate received the highest percentage of the popular vote in Bradley County out of all of Tennessee's counties.[43]

Infrastructure

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Transportation

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Air

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Hardwick Field, also known as Cleveland Municipal Airport, was the county's principal airport from 1955 to 2013.[53][54] Cleveland Regional Jetport, located approximately two miles east of Hardwick Field opened on January 25, 2013, replacing Hardwick Field.[55] It consists of a 6,200-by-100-foot (1,890 by 30 m) runway.[55]

Rail

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The county is served by the Norfolk Southern Railway, which forks in Cleveland and provides logistics for industries.[56]

Highways

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Interstate 75 traverses the county from the southwest to the north, passing through the western edge of Cleveland. There are four exits on I-75 in Bradley County: three in Cleveland and one in Charleston. U.S. Route 11 and U.S. Route 64 intersect in downtown Cleveland. U.S. 11 connects to Chattanooga to the southwest and Athens to the north. U.S. 64 connects to Murphy, North Carolina to the east. S.R. 60 connects Cleveland to Dayton to the northwest and Dalton, Georgia to the south. APD-40, made up of the U.S. 64 Bypass and a section of S.R. 60 forms a beltway and bypass route around the business district of Cleveland. The U.S. 11 Bypass bypasses downtown Cleveland to the west.[56]

Principal highways
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Historic U.S. Route 11 in Charleston.
 
Aerial view of the cloverleaf interchange of APD-40 (U.S. 64 Byp./S.R. 60) and U.S. Route 64 (Inman Street/Waterlevel Highway).
Secondary highways
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Utilities

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Cleveland Utilities is a city-owned corporation which provides electricity, water, and sewer service to the city of Cleveland and surrounding areas.[57] The Calhoun-Charleston Utilities District provides water to Charleston.[58] Volunteer Electric Cooperative (VEC) provides electricity to Charleston and the rest of Bradley County, except for a small portion in the southwestern part of the county along U.S. 11/64, including McDonald, which receives its electricity from Chattanooga-based EPB.[58] The rest of the county is provided water by the Hiwassee Utilities Commission, Ocoee Utility District, Eastside Utility District, and Savannah Valley Utility District.[58] Cleveland Utilities, VEC, and EPB all purchase their power from the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), which also provides power directly to heavy industries Olin, United Hydrogen, and Wacker. Chattanooga Gas, a subsidiary of Southern Company, provides natural gas to Cleveland and surrounding areas.[59]

Healthcare

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Prior to 2008, the county's two main hospitals were Bradley Memorial Hospital and Cleveland Community Hospital. They ran independently until 2008 when they were both purchased by SkyRidge Medical Center.[60] In 2015, the two hospitals were purchased by Tennova Healthcare.[61] Bradley Healthcare & Rehabilitation Center is a nursing home that serves the county. Bradley County Emergency Medical Services is an emergency medical service (EMS) agency of the county government that was established in 1972 and consists of six stations, eight ambulances, and two ancillary vehicles, along with more than 60 full-time employees and more than 25 part-time employees.[62]

Education

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Cleveland State Community College and Lee University are located in Bradley County. Public schools in the county are managed by the Bradley County Schools school district or the Cleveland City Schools school district. The county district has four public high schools: Bradley Central High School, Walker Valley High School, GOAL Academy, and REACH Adult High school. Cleveland High School is operated by the city school district. There is one State-accredited private Christian college preparatory school: Tennessee Christian Preparatory School.

Private schools

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Higher education

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Media

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Newspapers

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The Cleveland Daily Banner is the county's primary newspaper. The paper was first published in 1854, making it one of the oldest in the state.[63] Additionally, the Chattanooga Times Free Press, a paper based in Chattanooga, also serves as a primary source of news for Bradley County residents.

Radio

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Several radio stations located within Chattanooga and neighboring cities serve Bradley County, along with others licensed to Cleveland, which are listed below:[64]

Call sign Frequency Format
W207C1 (WAYW) 89.3 FM Contemporary Christian
WSAA 93.1 FM Air 1, Contemporary Christian
WALI 97.1 Lite rock
WOOP-LP 99.9 FM Country
WUSY 100.7 FM Country
W267BI 101.3 FM Talk
WCLE-FM 104.1 FM Adult contemporary
W290CA (WTSE) 105.9 FM Contemporary Christian
WBAC 1340 AM News/Talk
WCLE-AM 1570 AM Talk

Television

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Bradley County is served by several TV stations licensed both in the county and in neighboring counties. Stations licensed in Cleveland include:

Call sign[65] Channel Network
WPDP-CD 25 ABC, Fox, My Network TV
WTNB-CD 27 Heartland
WFLI-TV 42, 53 The CW, Me-TV

Communities

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Cleveland
 
Charleston

Cities

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Census-designated places

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Unincorporated communities

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See also

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References

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  • Corn, James F. (1959). Red Clay and Rattlesnake Springs: A History of the Cherokee Indians of Bradley County, Tennessee. Marceline, MO: Walsworth Publishing Company.
  • Lillard, Roy G. (1980). Bradley County. Dunn, Joy Bailey., Crawford, Charles Wann, 1931-. Memphis, Tenn.: Memphis State University Press. ISBN 0878700994. OCLC 6934932.

Notes

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  1. ^ Seal of Bradley County, Tennessee
  2. ^ a b John C. Bowman, "Bradley County," Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved: March 31, 2013.
  3. ^ "Bradley County, TN - Tennessee ZIP Codes". www.zip-codes.com.
  4. ^ a b "Bradley County, Tennessee". quickfacts.census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
  5. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  6. ^ Lillard 1980, p. 15-16.
  7. ^ Corn 1959, p. 4.
  8. ^ Lillard 1980, p. 37.
  9. ^ Lillard 1980, p. 11.
  10. ^ a b c d Lillard 1980, p. 12.
  11. ^ Higgins, Randall (August 24, 2011). "Drive seeks $95,000 for historic Bradley site Rattlesnake Springs". Chattanooga Times Free Press. Chattanooga, Tennessee. Archived from the original on February 25, 2019. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
  12. ^ a b " Goodspeed's History of Bradley County, Tennessee," published in 1887. Transcribed for web content and maintained by TNGenWeb - Bradley County. Retrieved: December 30, 2007.
  13. ^ Lillard 1980, p. 17.
  14. ^ "Our Hometown 2016". Cleveland Daily Banner. Cleveland, Tennessee. August 6, 2016. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
  15. ^ a b William Snell, "Cleveland," An Encyclopedia of East Tennessee (Children's Museum of Oak Ridge, 1981), pp. 108-111.
  16. ^ Temple, Oliver Perry (1899). East Tennessee and the Civil War. R. Clarke Company. p. 199 – via Internet Archive.
  17. ^ Jameson, W.C. (1997). Lost and Buried Treasures of the Civil War. Lyons Press. pp. 76–79. ISBN 1493040758 – via Google Books.
  18. ^ Temple, East Tennessee and the Civil War, pp. 370-406.
  19. ^ W.E. Mathews Preston Diary and Regimental History, SPR393, Alabama Dept. of Archives and History, page 14. Archived February 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ Hardy, Lucina Welch (March 1962). An Album of Historical Memories: Chatata - Tasso, Bradley County, Tennessee, 1830 -1961. Hardy & Randolph. p. 53.
  21. ^ Shemo, Christina (October 14, 2005). "Legends abound". Cleveland Daily Banner.
  22. ^ "Tennessee Civil War Trails Program," June 9, 2011, pp. 1-2. Accessed: March 12, 2015.
  23. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  24. ^ East Cleveland, Tennessee (Map). US Geological Survey. 1976. Retrieved November 12, 2017.
  25. ^ US Geological Survey (1965). Charleston, Tenn (Map). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
  26. ^ US Geological Survey (1965). Charleston, Tenn (Map). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
  27. ^ Carey, Bill (October 2017). "Conasauga River nearly became important in Tennessee history". Tennessee Magazine. Retrieved June 23, 2020.
  28. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  29. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  30. ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  31. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  32. ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved July 20, 2019.
  33. ^ Based on 2000 census data
  34. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  35. ^ "Community Facts". data.census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  36. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  37. ^ "Welcome to Cleveland, Tennessee!". clevelandtn.gov. November 2, 2012. Archived from the original on August 5, 2013. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
  38. ^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 23, 2006. Retrieved December 29, 2005.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Cleveland Chamber of Commerce
  39. ^ Pare, Mike (June 2, 2017). "Wacker starts work on $150 million plant expansion in Bradley County". Chattanooga Times-Free Press. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  40. ^ Flessner, Dave (March 13, 2013). "Paper mill in Calhoun, Tenn., once known as Bowater, idles its last newsprint machine". Chattanooga Times Free Press. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
  41. ^ a b "Bradley County, Tennessee - 2017 Census of Agriculture" (PDF). National Agricultural Statistics Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
  42. ^ "County Profile: Bradley County, Tennessee" (PDF). agcensus.usda.gov. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
  43. ^ a b Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
  44. ^ "Our Campaigns - U.S. President". Retrieved January 22, 2021.
  45. ^ a b c d e County Commission - County Commissioners bradleycountytn.gov
  46. ^ Constables by District bradleycountytn.gov
  47. ^ County Mayor, Gary Davis bradleycountytn.gov
  48. ^ "Key Dates for Voters" (PDF). bradleyelections.com. Bradley County Election Commission. 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
  49. ^ "Congressman Chuck Fleischmann". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
  50. ^ Tennessee General Assembly (2017). State House District 22 (PDF) (Map). Nashville: Tennessee General Assembly. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
  51. ^ Tennessee General Assembly (2017). State House District 24 (PDF) (Map). Nashville: Tennessee General Assembly. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved July 7, 2014.
  52. ^ Lilliard, Roy G. (1980). Bradley County. Memphis State University Press. p. 24. ISBN 0-87870-099-4.
  53. ^ Love, Joyanna (December 29, 2013). "Cleveland's Hardwick Field officially closes Tuesday". Clevelandbanner.com. Cleveland Daily Banner. Archived from the original on March 17, 2014. Retrieved March 16, 2014.
  54. ^ Leach, Paul (December 27, 2013). "Cleveland's oldest airport, Hardwick Field, to close at year's end". Timesfreepress.com. Chattanooga Times Free Press. Retrieved March 16, 2014.
  55. ^ a b "FAA Information, Cleveland Regional Jetport". airnav.com. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
  56. ^ a b Official Transportation Map (back) (PDF) (Map). TDOT. 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 25, 2016. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
  57. ^ "About CU". clevelandutilities.com. Cleveland Utilities. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  58. ^ a b c "Bradley County Comprehensive Plan" (PDF). bradleycountytn.gov. 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  59. ^ "Chattanooga Gas". aglresources.com. Southern Company. Archived from the original on February 23, 2019. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
  60. ^ "Community forms Sky Ridge Medical Center". Medical News. 2008. Archived from the original on April 7, 2014. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
  61. ^ Staff Report (September 30, 2015). "SkyRidge hospital renamed Tennova Healthcare-Cleveland". Chattanooga Times Free Press. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
  62. ^ "Bradley County EMS". Bradleyco.net. Bradley County, TN. 2014.
  63. ^ "Cleveland Daily Banner - Bradley County News Online Magazine". Archived from the original on October 10, 2007. Retrieved December 15, 2007.
  64. ^ "Radio Stations in Cleveland, Tennessee". radiolocator.com. Radio Locator. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
  65. ^ Pro Content and Design. "Television station listings in Cleveland, Tennessee". tvstations.procontentanddesign.com. Pro Content and Design. Archived from the original on December 1, 2008. Retrieved December 28, 2013.
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