Cassandra Willoughby, Duchess of Chandos (23 April[1] 1670 – 16 July 1735) was an English historian, travel writer and artist. She spent more than a quarter-century overseeing the restoration of the gardens and rebuilding of the family mansion at Wollaton Hall, now in Nottingham, inherited by her father, Francis Willoughby.
Biography
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She was the daughter of Francis Willoughby of Wollaton, Nottinghamshire, a Fellow of the Royal Society and writer on natural history, and his wife Emma, the daughter of Sir Henry Barnard of Bridgnorth, Shropshire and London. Her grandaunt, Elizabeth Weston, was the daughter of Sir Simon Weston, and niece of Chancellor David Yale.[2]
When her 19-year-old brother Francis disagreed with his stepfather's handling of his finances, Cassandra accompanied him in 1687 to the Willoughby family's earlier seat, Wollaton Hall in Nottinghamshire: "This proposall [of her brother's] I was much delighted with, thinking it would be no small pleasure for me to be Mrs of Wollaton, and to doe whatever I had a mind to." She then oversaw restoration of the gardens and rebuilding of the house over a quarter of a century.[3]
In 1713, at the age of 43, Cassandra married her rich cousin, James Brydges FRS, at Chelsea College Chapel as his second wife. Brydges' social standing rose the following year when he inherited a barony and baronetcy on the death of his father, 8th Baron Chandos of Sudeley. He was soon created Earl of Carnarvon and then in 1719 became Duke of Chandos and Cassandra his Duchess.
The National Gallery of Canada has a portrait of Cassandra and her husband by Sir Godfrey Kneller dated 1713. It also features the two sons of Brydges by his first wife.[4]
Cassandra died childless at the age of 65 and was buried in the Chandos Mausoleum at St Lawrence's Church, Whitchurch, Little Stanmore, near the ducal seat of Cannons. Both the mother and sister of Jane Austen were named after Cassandra, to mark their link with a ducal family. Jane's mother was the granddaughter of the first Cassandra's sister-in-law, Mary Brydges, being the sister of her husband James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos.
Jane Austen was the author of Pride and Prejudice (1813) and Mansfield Park (1814). Her mother, Cassandra Austen, née Leigh, was the great-grandniece of the first Duke of Chandos (1673-1744) and Duchess Cassandra Willoughby.[5]
John Willoughby is a character in her book Sense and Sensibility.
Writings
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Before she married, Cassandra Willoughby compiled a history of her father's family entitled The Continuation of the History of the Willoughby Family, to be found in the Manuscripts Department at the University of Nottingham Library.
Some of her correspondence from before and after her marriage is preserved at the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Record Office, at the North London Collegiate School[6] and the Huntington Library and Art Gallery, San Marino, California. In addition, she left some travel writings and genealogies.
Notes
edit- ^ Johnson, p. 9
- ^ Burke, Bernard (1838) A genealogical and heraldic history of the extinct and dormant baronetcies, Scott, Webster, and Geary, London, p. 443
- ^ Elizabeth Hagglund, "Willoughby, Cassandra [married name Cassandra Brydges, duchess of Chandos] (1670–1735)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: OUP, 2004) Retrieved 3 February 2015. Pay-walled.
- ^ Stewart, Douglas (1971). "Chandos, Marlborough and Kneller: Painting and 'Protest' in the Age of Queen Anne". National Gallery of Canada. Bulletin. 17. Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2008.
- ^ Jane Austen: 6 Interesting Facts About the Beloved English Author, Two specialists from the Jane Austen Society of North America share intriguing highlights of the author's life, career and literary impact.
- ^ Correspondence holdings
External links
editReferences
edit- George E. Cokayne and Vicary Gibbs, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, or Dormant. Gloucester: A Sutton, 1987
- Cassandra Willoughby Brydges Chandos and Rosemary O'Day, Cassandra Brydges, Duchess of Chandos, 1670–1735: Life and Letters. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press, 2007
- Cassandra Willoughby Chandos, The Continuation of the History of the Willoughby Family: Being Vol. 2 of the Manuscript. Ed., A. C. Wood. Eton, Windsor, England, 1958
- Joan Johnson, Excellent Cassandra: The Life and Times of the Duchess of Chandos. Alan Sutton Publishing Limited, Gloucester, England, 1981
- Susan Jenkins, Portrait of a Patron: The Patronage and Collecting of James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos (1674–1744). Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2007. googlebooks Retrieved November 9, 2008