Ceuthomantis is a small genus of craugastorid frogs,[2] also treated as comprising their own monogeneric family Ceuthomantidae.[3] They are found in the southern and eastern parts of the Guiana Highlands in Venezuela, Guyana, and Brazil.[2] The generic name is derived from the Greek noun mantis, which means treefrog, and adjective keuthos, which means hidden, in allusion to the hidden existence of this genus in the tepuis of the Guiana Shield.[1]
| Ceuthomantis | |
|---|---|
| |
| Ceuthomantis smaragdinus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Superfamily: | Hyloidea |
| Clade: | Brachycephaloidea |
| Family: | Ceuthomantidae Heinicke et al, 2009 |
| Genus: | Ceuthomantis Heinicke, Duellman, Trueb, Means, MacCulloch, and Hedges, 2009[1] |
| Type species | |
| Ceuthomantis smaragdinus Heinicke et al., 2009[1]
| |
| Species | |
|
4 species (see text) | |
Taxonomy
editCeuthomantis was first described as the only genus in its own family Ceuthomantidae,[2][3] but is now merged with Pristimantinae; the oldest name for this taxon is Ceuthomantinae.[4] The AmphibiaWeb maintains Ceuthomantidae as a monogeneric family.[3]
Ceuthomantis is closely related to Dischidodactylus, with which they share a synapomorphy: completely or almost completely divided ungual flaps. Both genera also have dorsal skin composed of small, flat, pliable (not keratinized) warts, and lack nuptial pads in adult males. They differ in that Dischidodactylus possesses a dentigerous process of the vomer, and in that Ceuthomantis lack basal toe webbing.[5]
Description
editCeuthomantis are greenish frogs with narrow heads. They have T-shaped terminal phalanges and paired, dorsal, gland-like protrusions in the post-temporal and sacral regions; the function of the latter is unknown. They have notched digital discs on the fingers and toes. Vomerine teeth and nuptial pads are absent.[1]
Species
editThe genus contains four species:[2][3]
- Ceuthomantis aracamuni (Barrio-Amorós and Molina, 2006)
- Ceuthomantis cavernibardus (Myers and Donnelly, 1997)
- Ceuthomantis duellmani Barrio-Amorós, 2010
- Ceuthomantis smaragdinus Heinicke, Duellman, Trueb, Means, MacCulloch, and Hedges, 2009
References
edit- ^ a b c d Heinicke, M. P.; W. E. Duellman; L. Trueb; D. B. Means; R. D. MacCulloch & S. B. Hedges (2009). "A new frog family (Anura: Terrarana) from South America and an expanded direct-developing clade revealed by molecular phylogeny" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2211: 1–35. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2211.1.1.
- ^ a b c d Frost, Darrel R. (2021). "Ceuthomantis Heinicke, Duellman, Trueb, Means, MacCulloch, and Hedges, 2009". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
- ^ a b c d "Ceuthomantidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
- ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2021). "Ceuthomantinae Heinicke, Duellman, Trueb, Means, MacCulloch, and Hedges, 2009". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
- ^ Padial, J. M.; Grant, T. & Frost, D. R. (2014). "Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria". Zootaxa. 3825: 1–132. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3825.1.1. PMID 24989881.